J/ApJ/885/49ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/885/49doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18850049CDSAschwanden M.J.2021-12-07T01:33:41Z2021-04-06T08:17:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frthe-sunstellar-flaresmagnetic-fieldsultraviolet-astronomyA more accurate analytical solution of the vertical-current approximation nonlinear force-free field (VCA3-NLFFF) model is presented that includes, besides the radial (Br) and azimuthal (B{phi}) magnetic field components, a poloidal component (B_{theta}_/=0) as well. This new analytical solution is of second-order accuracy in the divergence-freeness condition and of third-order accuracy in the force-freeness condition. We reanalyze the sample of 173 GOES M- and X-class flares observed with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The new code reproduces helically twisted loops with a low winding number below the kink instability consistently, avoiding unstable, highly twisted structures of the Gold-Hoyle flux rope type. The magnetic energies agree within E_VCA3_/E_W_=0.99{+/-}0.21 with the Wiegelmann (W-NLFFF) code. The time evolution of the magnetic field reveals multiple, intermittent energy buildup and releases in most flares, contradicting both the Rosner-Vaiana model (with gradual energy storage in the corona) and the principle of timescale separation ({tau}flare<<{tau}storage) postulated in self-organized criticality models. The mean dissipated flare energy is found to amount to 7%{+/-}3% of the potential energy, or 60%{+/-}26% of the free energy, a result that can be used for predicting flare magnitudes based on the potential field of active regions.2019ApJ...885...49Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/885/49CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/747/L41 : Solar flares probabilities (Bloomfield+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/94 : Solar flares observed with GOES and AIA (Aschwanden, 2012)J/ApJ/797/50 : Global energetics of solar flares. I. (Aschwanden+, 2014)J/A+A/574/A37 : Movies of 2012-10-16 solar flare (Dalmasse+, 2015)J/ApJ/802/53 : Global energetics of solar flares. II. (Aschwanden+, 2015)J/ApJ/831/105 : Global energetics of solar flares. IV. CME (Aschwanden, 2016)J/ApJ/832/27 : Global energetics of solar flares. III. (Aschwanden+, 2016)J/ApJ/847/115 : The solar flare complex network (Gheibi+, 2017)J/ApJ/881/1 : Global energetics of solar flares. VIII. (Aschwanden+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/885/49https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/885/49http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/885/49https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/885/49https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/885/49http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/885/49GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapUVdefaultJ/ApJ/885/49/table2Energy parameters of the 174 M- and X-class flare events in the longitude range of -45{deg}, +45{deg}, computed with the new VCA3-NLFFF CoderecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFlare[3/399] Internal flare event numbermeta.idintObs[2010/2014] Year of the flare event beginningstime.epochGOESGOES classificationmeta.code.classcharHelioHeliosphere coordinate codemeta.codecharEp[53.4/5403] Potential field energy (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEnp[56.5/5865] Non-potential energy (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEfree[0/727] Free energy; Enp-Ep (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEdiss[0/639] Energy dissipated in flares (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEnt-e[0/396] Nonthermal energy in accelerated electrons (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEnt-i[0/135] Nonthermal energy in accelerated ions (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEdir[0/216] Direct heating energy (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEth[0/216] Thermal energy (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEcme[0/620] Coronal mass ejection kinetic energy (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloatEsum[0.1/712] Sum of all the energies (1)1e+23Jphys.energyfloat