J/ApJ/884/66ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/884/66doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18840066CDSGatkine P.Veilleux S.Cucchiara A.2021-07-05T11:12:26Z2021-04-16T12:29:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomygamma-ray-burstsredshiftedvisible-astronomyspectroscopyinfrared-astronomyinterstellar-mediumRecent studies have revealed a dynamic interplay between the galaxy ecosystem and circumgalactic medium (CGM). We investigate the CGM at high redshifts (z>~2) by using bright afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as background sources. We compiled a sample of medium-resolution ({Delta}v<50km/s) and high signal-to-noise ratio (typical S/N~10) spectra from 27 GRB afterglows covering z~2-6, with six of them at z>~4. We analyzed the high- and low-ionization absorption features within +/-400km/s to extract the CGM and interstellar medium (ISM) kinematics. In the stacked spectra, high-ionization absorption profiles (e.g., CIV, SiIV) present significant absorption excess in their blue wings (v{<}-100km/s) relative to the red wings (v>100km/s). The stronger blue wings in high-ionization species are indicative of the presence of ubiquitous warm outflows in the GRB hosts at high redshifts. We used simple toy models to kinematically distinguish the CGM and ISM absorption and estimate the CGM mass and outflow velocity. We find tentative evidence of the evolution of the CGM metal mass by ~0.5dex between two redshift bins, each spanning 1 Gyr, z1: 2-2.7 and z2: 2.7-5. By comparing with past studies, we find that over the course of evolution of present-day galaxies with M_*_>10^10^M_{sun}_, the ratio of CIV mass in the CGM to the stellar mass remains fairly uniform, with log(M_CIV_/M_*_)~-4.5 within +/-0.5dex from z~4 to z~0, suggesting CGM-galaxy coevolution.2019ApJ...884...66Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/884/66CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/651/61 : Opt. thick absorbers near luminous quasars (Hennawi+, 2006)J/ApJ/758/135 : DEEP2 galaxies with UV spectra in the EGS (Kornei+, 2012)J/A+A/557/A18 : GRB 120815A afterglow spectra (Kruehler+, 2013)J/A+A/564/A38 : GRB120327A afterglow VLT/X-shooter spec. (D'Elia+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/119 : Properties of the highly ionized gas of QSOs (Lehner+, 2014)J/ApJ/796/140 : Circumgalactic medium surrounding z~2 QSOs (Prochaska+, 2014)J/ApJ/794/156 : MgII/FeII absorption profile for 0.3<z<1.4 gal. (Rubin+, 2014)J/A+A/580/A139 : GRB 130606A VLT/X-shooter spectroscopy (Hartoog+, 2015)J/A+A/581/A125 : UV/Optical/NIR spectroscopy GRB hosts (Kruehler+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/79 : HST/COS obs. of QSOs within 600kpc of M31 (Lehner+, 2015)J/ApJ/802/103 : Model predictions for GRB host galaxies (Trenti+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/270 : HI-selected-Lyman limit system metallicities (Glidden+, 2016)J/A+A/607/A107 : GRB 080810 Keck/HIRES spectrum (Wiseman+, 2017)J/AJ/155/104 : MEGaSaURA. I. The sample and the spectra (Rigby+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/884/66https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/884/66http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/884/66https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/884/66https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/884/66http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/884/66GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/884/66/table1 (List of GRBs in the sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/884/66/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/884/66/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/884/66/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true256.062551.766666670.0055555555555555566/9022 9321 10080 13312 18777 19097 19864 22559 22816 25901 25946 26671 27284 27434 34699 34949 38869 39993 42901 45401 46057 46594 46899 47148 47620 48458 49004https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/884/66?format=asciiGamma-rayOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/884/66/table1List of GRBs in the samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB name (YYMMDDA)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryz[2.03/5.92] GRB spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatf_z[c] Flag on z (1)meta.codecharInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharRes[5600/55000] Resolutionpos.angResolutionintmag[16.5/22.2]? Afterglow AB magnitude at the time of taking the spectramagphot.magfloatnullableS/N[4/40]? Typical signal-to-noise ratio per pixel in the bandpassstat.snr;instr.pixelintnullablelogNH[16.95/22.3]? Log of hydrogen column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNH[0.03/0.25]? LogNH uncertaintylog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableRefReferencemeta.ref;pos.framecharf_Ref[b] Flag on Ref (1)meta.codecharNmNumber of line measurements for this GRB (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/884/66/table2Fit parameters of the spectrarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGamma-ray burst identifier (YYMMDDA)meta.id;meta.maincharz[2/6] Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftdoubleLineLine identifier and wavelength in Angstromsmeta.id;spect.linecharNum[1/12] Line component numbermeta.numberintlogN[8/17.5] log column density of the line componentlog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;spect.linefloate_logN[0/0.5] The 1-sigma uncertainty in logNlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatb[3/80] Doppler parameterkm/sspect.dopplerParaminte_b[1/23] The 1-sigma uncertainty in bkm/sstat.errorintCenter[-368/342] Line centerkm/sspect.line;phys.velocinte_Center[1/62] The 1-sigma uncertainty in Centerkm/sstat.errorintFlag[0/1]? Fit flag (1)meta.code.errorintnullable