J/ApJ/876/115ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/876/115doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18760115CDSSchmidt S.J.Shappee B.J.van Saders J.L.Stanek K.Z.Brown J.S.,Kochanek C.S.Dong S.Drout M.R.Frank S.Holoien T.W.-S.Johnson S.,Madore B.F.Prieto J.L.Seibert M.Seidel M.K.Simonian G.V.A.2022-01-18T15:06:46Z2021-01-18T08:35:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvisible-astronomyspectroscopym-starsstellar-flaresinfrared-photometryphotometryline-intensitiesproper-motionsstellar-spectral-typesThe All-sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) is the only project in existence to scan the entire sky in optical light approximately every day, reaching a depth of g~18mag. Over the course of its first 4yr of transient alerts (2013-2016), ASAS-SN observed 53 events classified as likely M dwarf flares. We present follow-up photometry and spectroscopy of all 53 candidates, confirming flare events on 47 M dwarfs, one K dwarf, and one L dwarf. The remaining four objects include a previously identified T Tauri star, a young star with outbursts, and two objects too faint to confirm. A detailed examination of the 49 flare star light curves revealed an additional six flares on five stars, resulting in a total of 55 flares on 49 objects ranging in V-band contrast from {Delta}V=-1 to -10.2mag. Using an empirical flare model to estimate the unobserved portions of the flare light curve, we obtain lower limits on the V-band energy emitted during each flare, spanning log(E_V_/erg)=32-35, which are among the most energetic flares detected on M dwarfs. The ASAS-SN M dwarf flare stars show a higher fraction of H{alpha} emission, as well as stronger H{alpha} emission, compared to M dwarfs selected without reference to activity, consistent with belonging to a population of more magnetically active stars. We also examined the distribution of tangential velocities, finding that the ASAS-SN flaring M dwarfs are likely to be members of the thin disk and are neither particularly young nor old.2019ApJ...876..115Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/876/115CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/vsx : AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-2014)III/198 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopic survey (Hawley+ 1997)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman- McCarthy+, 2009)I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer- Jones+, 2018)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)II/366 : ASAS-SN catalog of variable stars (Jayasinghe+, 2018-2020)J/ApJ/300/779 : High-latitude H-alpha emission stars (Stephenson+, 1986)J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)J/ApJ/657/884 : Spectroscopy of TTau & Herbig Ae/Be candidates (Lee+, 2007)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/AJ/137/1 : PMs & astrometry of late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)J/AJ/140/1402 : M dwarf flares from SDSS spectra (Hilton+, 2010)J/AJ/141/50 : White-light flares on Kepler cool stars (Walkowicz+, 2011)J/AJ/141/97 : SDSS DR7 M dwarfs (West+, 2011)J/other/Nat/485.478 : Superflares on solar-type stars (Maehara+, 2012)J/AJ/143/80 : Low-mass members of {beta} Pic & AB DOR (Schlieder+, 2012)J/ApJS/207/15 : M dwarf flare spectra (Kowalski+, 2013)J/MNRAS/440/3430 : SDSS-2MASS-WISE stellar colour locus (Davenport+, 2014)J/A+A/572/A89 : YSO candidates toward Orion (Sanchez+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014)J/AJ/149/158 : The BUD sample. I. L dwarf activity sample (Schmidt+, 2015)J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016)J/ApJ/831/133 : Follow-up of ASASSN-15qi (Herczeg+, 2016)J/MNRAS/455/2918 : Photom. & line luminosities for ASASSN-14li (Holoien+, 2016)J/MNRAS/463/3813 : ASASSN-15oi UBVI M2W1W2 light curves (Holoien+, 2016)J/ApJ/826/144 : Follow-up observations of SNIa ASASSN-14lp (Shappee+, 2016)J/A+A/590/A11 : BVRI light curves of V374 Peg (Vida+, 2016)J/MNRAS/467/1098 : ASAS-SN bright supernova catalog 2015 (Holoien+, 2017)J/MNRAS/471/4966 : ASAS-SN bright supernova catalog 2016 (Holoien+, 2017)J/MNRAS/464/2672 : ASAS-SN bright supernova catalog 2013-2014 (Holoien+, 2017)J/ApJ/843/31 : MUSCLES Treasury Survey. IV. M dwarfs (Youngblood+, 2017)J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN {Sigma} algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)J/ApJ/870/13 : K2 LC alternative analysis of ASASSN-18bt (Shappee+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/876/115https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/876/115http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/876/115https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/876/115https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/876/115http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/876/115GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/876/115/table2 (Observation log for the 53 candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/876/115/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/876/115/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/876/115/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true19.2525-5.1012780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/876/115/flarestars (Properties (Table 1) and kinematics (Table 5) of the 49 ASAS-SN flare dwarfs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/876/115/flarestars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/876/115/flarestars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/876/115/flarestars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true19.2525-5.10127780.0055555555555555566/516 595 619 680 797 2100 4517 4544 4694 6220 7605 7824 8201 8442 9946 10153 11736 13343 15039 17641 18421 18518 19043 19512 19536 20196 20261 20472 21960 22668 22755 22772 22885 25262 26051 26055 27094 28139 28442 31253 31333 32513 32673 33380 34901 35735 35797 36539 37097 37564 41258 46698 481748.650015785639275e-20 3.852589004194616e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/876/115?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/876/115/table2Observation log for the 53 candidatesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDASAS-SN Identifier (<ASASSN -YYaaa> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTelTelescope/Instrument used for spectroscopy (1)instr.setupcharExpExposure time(s) for spectroscopystime.duration;obs.exposurecharBandObserved photometric bandsphotcharf_IDa: Objects published in stand-alone papers; added in this table by CDS for completeness (positions from SIMBAD)meta.codecharASASSNDisplay data from ASAS-SN (Jayasinghe+, 2018-2020, II/366) within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableNpNumber of photometry observations for this source (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableNfNumber of flare measurements for this source (link to Table 6)meta.numberintnullableJ/ApJ/876/115/flarestarsProperties (Table 1) and kinematics (Table 5) of the 49 ASAS-SN flare dwarfsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDASAS-SN Identifier (<ASASSN -YYaaa> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharSpTSectral Type derived in this worksrc.spTypecharl_HalphaLimit flag for H{alpha}meta.code.error;spect.linecharHalpha[0.7/29.1] H{alpha} Equivalent Width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_Halpha[0/7.3]? Uncertainty in Halpha0.1nmstat.error;spect.linefloatnullableVmag[12.66/24.2] V band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_Vmag[0.01/0.5] Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatRmag[13.63/21.8]? R band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_Rmag[0.01/0.08]? Uncertainty in Rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableImag[12.18/20.49]? I band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Imag[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in Imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablermag[14.15/23.73]? SDSS r band (AB) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[0.01/1.3]? Uncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableimag[13.85/24.36]? SDSS i band (AB) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.01/61.59]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablezmag[12.14/21.84]? SDSS z band (AB) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0.01/3.4]? Uncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag[9.69/15.47]? 2MASS Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharSrcSource of kinematics (1)meta.codecharDist[10.6/1087] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_Dist[0.1/217] Uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorfloatZ[-749.1/237.4] Distance, vertically from the plane of Galaxypcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticfloatpmRA[-421.1/248.4]? Proper motion, corrected by cos(Dec)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA[0.1/15.3]? Uncertainty in pmRA, corrected by cos(Dec)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-142.1/157.3]? Proper motion, in declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE[0.1/26.3]? Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullableVtan[5.5/117.5]? Tangential velocitykm/sphys.veloc.transversefloatnullablee_Vtan[0/26]? Uncertainty in Vtankm/sstat.errorfloatnullable_RAPositions from Table 2 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Table 2 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/876/115/table6Flare properties for the 49 dwarfslogEV-IQ1[32.3/35]? Fit Flare Energy IQ1 in log(erg)log(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDASAS-SN Identifier (<ASASSN -YYaaa> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharVmag1[12.66/24.2]? Quiescent V magnitudemagphot.mag;stat.min;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag1[0.01/0.34]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableVmag2[11.66/17.35] Flare peak V magnitudemagphot.mag;stat.max;em.opt.Vfloate_Vmag2[0.01/0.28] Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatDVmag[-10.24/-1.0] {Delta}V magnitude, Vmag1-Vmag2magphot.magfloate_DVmag[0.01/0.34] Uncertainty in DVmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatTypeFlare Typesrc.classcharNobs[1/7] Number of flare observationsmeta.numberintthalf1[76/1533]? Flare half lifestime.intervalintnullablelogEV-med[32.5/35]? Median fit Flare Energy in log(erg)log(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatnullablelogEV-IQ3[32.6/35]? Fit Flare Energy IQ3 in log(erg)log(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatnullablethalf2[303/3493] Flare half life from thalf relationstime.intervalintlogEV-thalf[32/36.2] Flare Energy from thalf relation in log(erg) unitslog(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatJ/ApJ/876/115/table3ASAS-SN photometry of flaresrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDASAS-SN Identifier (<ASASSN -YYaaa> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharobsYear of observationtime.epochB_Vmag[15.5/18.25] 3{sigma} detection limit in Vmagphot.magfloatVmag[11.66/18.2]? V band magnitude, detectionmagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable