J/ApJ/872/16ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/872/16doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18720016CDSde los Reyes M.A.C.Kennicutt R.C.2025-07-30T20:10:36Z2020-08-10T11:49:23ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesphotometryultraviolet-astronomyinfrared-astronomychemical-abundancesastronomical-reference-materialsradio-sourcesWe use new and updated gas- and dust-corrected star formation rate (SFR) surface densities to revisit the integrated star formation law for local "quiescent" spiral, dwarf, and low surface brightness galaxies. Using UV-based SFRs with individual IR-based dust corrections, we find that "normal" spiral galaxies alone define a tight {Sigma}_(HI+H2)-{Sigma}_SFR_ relation described by an n=1.41_-0.07_^+0.07^ power law with a dispersion of 0.28_-0.02_^+0.02^ (errors reflect fitting and statistical uncertainties). The SFR surface densities are only weakly correlated with HI surface densities alone, exhibiting a stronger and roughly linear correlation with H_2_ surface densities, similar to what is seen in spatially resolved measurements of disks. However, many dwarf galaxies lie below the star formation law defined by spirals, suggesting a low-density threshold in the integrated star formation law. We consider alternative scaling laws that better describe both spirals and dwarfs. Our improved measurement precision also allows us to determine that much of the scatter in the star formation law is intrinsic, and we search for correlations between this intrinsic scatter and secondary physical parameters. We find that dwarf galaxies exhibit second-order correlations with the total gas fraction, stellar mass surface density, and dynamical time, which may explain much of the scatter in the star formation law. Finally, we discuss various systematic uncertainties that should be kept in mind when interpreting any study of the star formation law, particularly the X(CO) conversion factor and the diameter chosen to define the star-forming disk in a galaxy.2019ApJ...872...16Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/872/16CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)VII/155 : Third Reference Cat. of Bright Galaxies (RC3) (de Vaucouleurs+ 1991)J/A+AS/115/407 : Short WSRT HI observations of spiral galaxies (Rhee+, 1996)J/A+A/324/877 : HI properties of spiral & irregular galaxies (Broeils+, 1997)J/A+A/370/765 : HI synthesis observations in UMa cluster (Verheijen+, 2001)J/AJ/126/1607 : IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (Sanders+, 2003)J/A+A/442/137 : HI observations of WHISP disk galaxies (Noordermeer+, 2005)J/ApJS/164/81 : Spectrophotometry of nearby galaxies (Moustakas+, 2006)J/PASP/119/994 : MIPS 24um calibrators (Engelbracht+, 2007)J/ApJS/173/185 : GALEX UV atlas of nearby galaxies (Gil de Paz+, 2007)J/ApJ/671/333 : Aperture photometry in NGC 5194 (Kennicutt+, 2007)J/ApJS/173/538 : XUV-Disk galaxies in the Local Universe (Thilker+, 2007)J/ApJS/178/247 : H{alpha} and [NII] survey in local 11 Mpc (Kennicutt+, 2008)J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)J/AJ/136/2563 : HI Nearby Galaxy Survey, THINGS (Walter+, 2008)J/ApJ/703/517 : The Spitzer Local Volume Legacy: IR photometry (Dale+, 2009)J/ApJ/706/599 : H{alpha} and UV SFR in the local volume (Lee+, 2009)J/ApJS/190/233 : Spectroscopy & abundances of SINGS gal. (Moustakas+, 2010)J/PASP/122/1397 : Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Gal. (Sheth+, 2010)J/ApJS/192/6 : A GALEX UV imaging survey of nearby galaxies (Lee+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/87 : Star formation efficiency in galaxies (Shi+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/940 : ATLAS3D project. IV. (Young+, 2011)J/MNRAS/423/197 : MIPS photometry for Herschel SAG2 Programs (Bendo+, 2012)J/A+A/544/A101 : GALEX obs. of Herschel Reference Survey (Cortese+, 2012)J/AJ/144/134 : LITTLE THINGS survey of nearby dwarf galaxies (Hunter+, 2012)J/ApJ/771/59 : S^4^G face-on gal. surface brightnesses (Munoz-Mateos+, 2013)J/A+A/564/A65 : Cold gas data of Herschel Reference Survey (Boselli+, 2014)J/MNRAS/445/899 : LVL SEDs and physical properties (Cook+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A71 : HI study of 18 nearby dwarf galaxies (Lelli+, 2014)J/A+A/569/A124 : GUViCS. Ultraviolet Source Catalogs (Voyer+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/6 : Updated catalog of GALEX nearby galaxies (Bai+, 2015)J/ApJ/805/31 : IR-Rad luminosities & surface densities of gal. (Liu+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/16https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/16http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/16https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/16https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/16http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/16GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/872/16/sample (General properties, UV and IR photometric data, SFRs and other properties of the (Tables 1-5))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/16/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/16/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/16/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.4923333-15.46091670.0055555555555555566/393 664 684 816 922 932-933 955 1007 2079 2119-2121 2130 2144 2155 2169 2282 2320 2372 2382 2687 2709 2866 2892 3381 3436 3446 3506 3561 3573 3910 4149 4447 4511 4650 5008 5067 5142 5168 5174 5180 5200 5202 5230 5287 5329 5463 5492 5572 5581 5584 5587 5589-5590 5596 5607 5617 5629 5636 5710 5715 5751 5793 5862 5966 5976 5978 5995 6034 6399 6411 6502 6560 6604-6605 6623 6773 6921 7132 7241 7303 7424 7445 7498 7523 7584 7602 7606-7607 7624 7649 7659 7743 7769 7799 7878 7946 7956-7957 7970 8028 8106 8113 8173 8908 9437 9855 10475 10538 10607 10627 10637 10650 10656 10659 10689 10704 10762 10767 10809-10810 10818 10841 10847 10856 10881 10892 10900-10901 10905 10908 10910-10911 10925 10927 10935 10941 10976-10977 10986 10990-10991 10999-11000 11006 11019 11027 11041 11045 11092 11120 11127 11140 11143 11227 11392 11434 11448 11639 11696 11772 11933 11944 11961 11965 12122 12570 13162 13489 13516 13522 13637 13668 13672 15551 15592 16016 16120 16194 16441 16655 16695 16697 17165 18004 18041 18214 18315 18378 18398 19125 19570 19990 20000 20225 20254 20270 20353 20769 22348 22379 22427 22495 22841 22949 25344 25594 26047 26271 26287 26303 26323 26331 26338 26351 26365 26472 26858 26963 26992 27024 27030 27351 27512 27514 27568 27603 27728 27731 27738 27741 27757 27763 27766 27773 27828 27857 27861-27862 27884 27901 27905 27907 27914 27917-27918 27926 27937 27942 27945 27947 27955 28015 28035 28038-28039 28045-28046 28054 28077 28087 28123 28149 28167 28173 28486-28487 28496 28510 28529 28535 28610 28612 28631 28636-28637 28659 28666 29718 29795 33193 33958 34343 34471 34531 34641 36134 36756 38841 40124 40777 43706 43881 439788.27688880188539e-21 8.27688880188539e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/872/16?format=asciiUVInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/872/16/sampleGeneral properties, UV and IR photometric data, SFRs and other properties of the (Tables 1-5)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/307] Running index numbermeta.idintNameGalaxy ID preferred by NED (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDist[0.5/75.4]? Distance (1)Mpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableK08Display data from Kennicutt+, 2008, J/ApJS/178/247 within 10"meta.ref.urlintnullableBmag[4.16/15.8]? Apparent B-band (AB) magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmag[0.04/0.99]? Mean error on Bmag (2)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableB-V[0.21/1.07]? B-V color index (2)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_B-V[0.01/0.19]? Mean error B-V (2)magstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.BfloatnullableMTypeGalaxy type; s=spiral, d=dwarfmeta.note;src.class.starGalaxycharPA[-75/203] Position angle (2)degpos.posAngdoubleE(B-V)[0.01/0.8] Reddening E(B-V) (3)phot.color.excessfloatDiam25[25/11433]? D25 diameter (2)arcsecphys.angSizeintnullableDiamHa[8/5940] D(Halpha) diameter (4)arcsecphys.angSizeintb/a[0.1/1.0]? Axis ratio measured from B-band isophotes (2)phys.angSize;arith.ratiofloatnullablel_UVmag[0/1] Upper limit flag on UVmag; 1=yes, 0=nometa.code.errorintUVmag[8.2/20.7]? GALEX apparent UV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UVfloatnullablee_UVmag[0.1/1]? Mean error on UVmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullabler_UVmag[401/408]? Reference for UVmag (see refs.dat file)meta.refintnullabletUV[87/21177.4]? Exposure time (5)stime.duration;obs.exposuredoublenullableTileGALEX tile name (5)meta.id;obscharf_UVmag[0/1]? NUV flag; 1=only NUV available; 0=FUV used (5)meta.codeintnullablel_IRflux[0/1] Upper limit flag on IR flux; 1=yes, 0=nometa.code.errorintIRflux[1.9e-05/139]? 24um IR flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_IRflux[0.0001/23]? Mean error on IRfluxJystat.errorfloatnullabler_IRflux[301/404] Reference for IRflux (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameinttIR[146.8/1404.7]? Exposure time (s) (6)stime.duration;obs.exposurefloatnullableSurveyFor Spitzer MIPS images, name of survey (7)meta.idcharNfr[99/558]? For AllWISE images, number of framesmeta.numberintnullableCoaddIDFor AllWISE images, the co-add IDmeta.idcharl_logSFR[0/1]? Upper limit flag on logSFR (1=yes)meta.code.error;phys.SFRintnullablelogSFR[-4.5/1.5]? Log uncorrected SFRlog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatnullablee_logSFR[0.02/0.4]? Mean error on logSFRlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;phys.SFRfloatnullablel_logSFRc[0/1]? Upper limit flag on logSFRc (1=yes)meta.code.errorintnullablelogSFRc[-5.4/1.5]? Log dust-corrected SFRlog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatnullablee_logSFRc[0.02/0.5]? Mean error on logSFRcorrlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablelogSigSFRc[-5.7/1.2]? Log dust-corrected SFR surface densitylog(solMass.yr**-1.kpc**-2)phys.densityfloatnullablelogSigHI[-0.3/1.5]? Log HI surface density (8)log(solMass.yr**-1.pc**-2)phys.densityfloatnullabler_logSigHIReference for logSigHI (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_logSigH2[0/1] Upper limit flag on logSigH2 (1=yes)meta.code.errorintlogSigH2[-1.3/3.5]? Log H2 surface density (8)log(solMass.yr**-1.pc**-2)phys.densityfloatnullabler_logSigH2Reference for logSigH2 (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharMass[5.8/11.5]? Log stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullabler_Mass[501/503]? Reference for stellar mass (see refs.dat file)meta.refintnullableZ[7.3/9.2]? Gas-phase metallicity; 12+log[O/H]phys.abundfloatnullabler_Z[601/605]? Reference for Z (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableC42[1.7/6.7]? Concentration indexmeta.code;spect.indexfloatnullabletDyn[0.2/17.4]? Dynamical time (9)1e+08yrtime.epochfloatnullablevRot[0.6/43]? Rotational velocity (9)1e-08kpc.yr**-1phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullableNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharJ/ApJ/872/16/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRef[1/605] Reference codemeta.noteintAuthFirst author's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharBibCodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharCommCommentmeta.notechar