J/ApJ/871/63ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/871/63doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18710063CDSMann A.W.Dupuy T.Kraus A.L.Gaidos E.Ansdell M.Ireland M.,Rizzuto A.C.Hung C.-L.Dittmann J.Factor S.Feiden G.Martinez R.A.,Ruiz-rodriguez D.Chia Thao P.2020-11-18T05:55:12Z2020-04-24T09:28:17ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxinfrared-astronomyspectroscopym-starsdwarf-starsmultiple-starsstellar-massesmetallicityThe mass-luminosity relation for late-type stars has long been a critical tool for estimating stellar masses. However, there is growing need for both a higher-precision relation and a better understanding of systematic effects (e.g., metallicity). Here we present an empirical relationship between M_Ks_ and M_*_ spanning 0.075M_{sun}_<M_*_<0.70M_{sun}_. The relation is derived from 62 nearby binaries, whose orbits we determine using a combination of near infra-red (Keck/NIRC2) imaging, archival adaptive optics data, and literature astrometry. From their orbital parameters, we determine the total mass of each system, with a precision better than 1% in the best cases. We use these total masses, in combination with resolved Ks magnitudes and system parallaxes, to calibrate the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation. The resulting posteriors can be used to determine masses of single stars with a precision of 2%-3%, which we confirm by testing the relation on stars with individual dynamical masses from the literature. The precision is limited by scatter around the best-fit relation beyond measured M_*_ uncertainties, perhaps driven by intrinsic variation in the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation or underestimated uncertainties in the input parallaxes. We find that the effect of [Fe/H] on the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation is likely negligible for metallicities in the solar neighborhood (0.0%{+/-}2.2% change in mass per dex change in [Fe/H]). This weak effect is consistent with predictions from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database, but inconsistent with those from modules for experiments in stellar astrophysics (MESA) Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) (at 5{sigma}). A sample of binaries with a wider range of abundances will be required to discern the importance of metallicity in extreme populations (e.g., in the Galactic halo or thick disk).2019ApJ...871...63Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/871/63CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+, 2003)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/106/773 : Mass-luminosity relation (Henry+, 1993)J/A+A/385/87 : Speckle interferometry of nearby multiple stars (Balega+,2002)J/A+A/398/239 : RI differential photometry of CU Cnc (Ribas, 2003)J/ApJ/705/1416 : Volume-limited sample of M7-M9.5 dwarfs <20pc (Reiners+, 2009)J/AJ/139/205 : 2007-2008 WIYN speckle observations of binaries (Horch+, 2010)J/A+A/530/A138 : Geneva-Copenhagen survey re-analysis (Casagrande+, 2011)J/AJ/141/45 : Speckle observations of HIP stars (Horch+, 2011)J/AJ/141/157 : Speckle interferometry at USNO. XVI. (Mason+, 2011)J/AJ/141/166 : HATNet variability survey of K and M dwarfs (Hartman+, 2011)J/ApJ/728/48 : Multicolor eclipse data for 6 new binaries (Kraus+, 2011)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/L37 : Stellar parameters of low-mass KOIs (Muirhead+, 2012)J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)J/A+A/556/A15 : Effective temperature scale of M dwarfs (Rajpurohit+, 2013)J/AJ/145/52 : Abundances of K and M dwarfs in binary systems (Mann+, 2013)J/AJ/145/102 : Spectroscopy of M dwarfs in the northern sky (Lepine+, 2013)J/ApJ/779/188 : Spectra of nearby late K and M Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013)J/MNRAS/429/859 : New companions to nearby low-mass stars (Jodar+, 2013)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/AJ/147/94 : Solar neighborhood. XXXII. L and M dwarfs (Dieterich+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/102 : Properties of late M-dwarfs (Janson+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/54 : Nearby M Dwarfs parameters (Gaidos+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/2561 : CONCH-SHELL catalog of nearby M dwarfs (Gaidos+, 2014)J/ApJ/800/85 : Teff, radii and luminosities of cool dwarfs (Newton+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)J/ApJS/225/32 : Extended abundance analysis of cool stars (Brewer+, 2016)J/MNRAS/457/2877 : Kepler M dwarf stars revised properties (Gaidos+, 2016)J/ApJ/836/167 : K2 planetary syst. around low-mass stars. I. (Dressing+, 2017)J/AJ/154/224 : Transiting planets in young clusters from K2 (Rizzuto+, 2017)J/AJ/155/114 : HAT-TR-318-007: a double-lined M dwarf binary (Hartman+, 2018)J/AJ/155/225 : M dwarf rotational broadening measurements (Kesseli+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/871/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/871/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/871/63https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/871/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/871/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/871/63GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/871/63/table1 (Binary Sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/63/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/63/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/63/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.866667-16.1336110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/871/63/table2 (Input astrometry and photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/63/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/63/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/63/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.866667-16.1336110.0055555555555555566/954 1477 1739 2354 3088 3751 4297 4775 4942 5540 6384 6750 6974 7132 7772 9696 10027 12454 12600 12616 12889 13559 13693 14266 14515 14772 15906 16268 16502 16827 17186 17875 18802 20074 21149 21646 22148 22325 25316 26555 27204 27618 27730 27731 30327 31035 31226 31662 31787 32643 32645 33425 35641 36511 36526 40430 40688 40801 42459 44284 48462 489858.650015785639275e-20 9.710690472292815e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/871/63?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/871/63/table1Binary SampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharplxParallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSet[1/2] Sample code (1)meta.codeintNpNumber of astrometry and photometry input data (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullableNameSystem identifiermeta.id;pos.frame;meta.maincharprimaryOrbDisplay the orbital parameters for this system (link to Table 5)meta.ref.urlcharm_NameComponent pairingmeta.code.multipcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainKsmag[3.1/13] System apparent 2MASS Ks band magnitude (unless flagged)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in System Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatf_Ksmag[be] Flag on Ksmag (2)meta.codecharDKsmag[0.001/4.3] Differential system Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.difffloate_DKsmag[0.01/0.075] Uncertainty in DKsmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatMass[0.14/1.6] System masssolMassphys.massdoublee_Mass[3.9e-4/0.18] Uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massdouble[Fe/H]Metallicity (3)log(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloatf_[Fe/H][cd] Flag on [Fe/H] (4)meta.codechare_plxUncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatr_plxReference code for plx (5)meta.ref;pos.frameintD17Display the system data from Dupuy+, 2017, J/ApJS/231/15meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/871/63/table2Input astrometry and photometryNameSystem identifiermeta.id;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDateUT Date of the observation (1)time.epoch;obsnullableSep[35/3321] Separation ({rho})maspos.angDistancedoublee_Sep[0.04/80] Uncertainty in Sepmasstat.errorfloatPAPosition angle ({theta})degpos.posAngfloate_PA[0.01/7.6] Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatFiltFilter used in the observationinstr.setup;obscharDmag[-0.1/5.5]? Magnitude difference ({Delta}_m_) (2)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_Dmag[0.01/0.9]? Uncertainty in Dmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableRefObservation reference (3)meta.refcharPIPrincipal investigator (4)obs.observercharJ/ApJ/871/63/table5Orbital ParametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSystem identifiermeta.id;pos.framecharPer[0.84/63] Orbital periodyrtime.perioddoubleE_Per[1.4e-4/9.2] Upper uncertainty in Peryrstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Per[1.4e-4/7.2] Lower uncertainty in Peryrstat.errordoublea[80/2447] Semi-major axis ({alpha})masphys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalfloatE_a[0.17/113] Upper uncertainty in amasstat.error;stat.maxfloate_a[0.17/84] Lower uncertainty in amasstat.errorfloate[0.029/0.87] Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoubleE_e[1.3e-4/0.14]Upper uncertainty in estat.error;stat.maxdoublee_e[1.3e-4/0.12] Lower uncertainty in estat.errordoublei[12/167] Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_i[0.016/6.3] Upper uncertainty in idegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_i[0.016/9.5] Lower uncertainty in idegstat.errorfloatomega[1.4/350] Argument of periastron ({omega})degsrc.orbital.periastronfloatE_omega[0.02/332] Upper uncertainty in omegadegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_omega[0.02/60] Lower uncertainty in omegadegstat.errorfloatOmega[8/265] Position angle of the ascending node ({Omega})degsrc.orbital.nodefloatE_Omega[0.022/46] Upper uncertainty in Omegadegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Omega[0.022/163] Lower uncertainty in Omegadegstat.errorfloatMJD[51189/71033] Modified Julian Date of periastron passagedtime.epochdoubleE_MJD[0.23/12032] Upper uncertainty in MJDdstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_MJD[0.23/3397] Lower uncertainty in MJDdstat.error;time.epochfloata3/P2[2.9e-5/0.013] Semi-major axis cubed dived by Period squaredarcsec**3.yr**-2stat.fit.omcdoublee_a3/P2[1.3e-7/1.9e-4] Uncertainty in a3/P2arcsec**3.yr**-2stat.errordoublechi2[1.5/124] The {chi}^2^stat.fit.chi2floatdof[3/105] Degrees of freedomstat.fit.dofint