J/ApJ/864/91ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/864/91doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18640091CDSShu Y.Bolton A.S.Mao S.Kang XiLi G.Soraisam M.2021-11-03T13:33:10Z2019-09-23T12:48:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgravitational-lensingredshiftedsurveysvisible-astronomysupernovaeWe propose a new strategy of finding strongly lensed supernovae (SNe) by monitoring known galaxy-scale strong-lens systems. Strongly lensed SNe are potentially powerful tools for the study of cosmology, galaxy evolution, and stellar populations, but they are extremely rare. By targeting known strongly lensed star-forming galaxies, our strategy significantly boosts the detection efficiency for lensed SNe compared to a blind search. As a reference sample, we compile the 128 galaxy-galaxy strong-lens systems from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey (SLACS), the SLACS for the Masses Survey, and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Emission-Line Lens Survey. Within this sample, we estimate the rates of strongly lensed Type Ia SN (SNIa) and core-collapse SN (CCSN) to be 1.23+/-0.12 and 10.4+/-1.1 events per year, respectively. The lensed SN images are expected to be widely separated with a median separation of 2". Assuming a conservative fiducial lensing magnification factor of 5 for the most highly magnified SN image, we forecast that a monitoring program with a single-visit depth of 24.7mag (5{sigma} point source, r band) and a cadence of 5days can detect 0.49 strongly lensed SNIa event and 2.1 strongly lensed CCSN events per year within this sample. Our proposed targeted-search strategy is particularly useful for prompt and efficient identifications and follow-up observations of strongly lensed SN candidates. It also allows telescopes with small fields of view and limited time to efficiently discover strongly lensed SNe with a pencil-beam scanning strategy.2018ApJ...864...91Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/864/91CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/127/2002 : Star Formation Rate of NFGS galaxies (Kewley+, 2004)J/ApJ/682/964 : Sloan lens ACS survey. V. (Bolton+, 2008)J/ApJS/176/19 : COSMOS: strong lens systems (Faure+, 2008)J/ApJ/736/159 : Photometry monitoring of the SN PTF10vdl (Gal-Yam+, 2011)J/MNRAS/412/1441 : SNe luminosity functions (Li+, 2011)J/AJ/143/119 : SDSS Quasar Lens Search. V. Final catalog (Inada+, 2012)J/ApJ/749/38 : CFHTLS-SL2S-ARCS strong lens candidates (More+, 2012)J/ApJ/756/52 : R-band light curve of QSO J0158-4325 images (Morgan+, 2012)J/ApJ/755/61 : SN Ia host galaxies SFR from SDSS-II (Smith+, 2012)J/ApJS/199/25 : CLASH sources for MACS1149.6+2223 (Postman+, 2012)J/ApJS/208/20 : Nine-year WMAP point source catalogs (Bennett+, 2013)J/ApJ/777/97 : SL2S galaxy-scale lens sample. III. (Sonnenfeld+, 2013)J/other/Sci/340.170 : Classifications of 188 SNe Ia (Wang+, 2013)J/A+A/568/A22 : Joint analysis of the SDSS-II & SNLS SNe Ia (Betoule+, 2014)J/MNRAS/446/3895 : The rising light curves of Type Ia supernovae (Firth+, 2015)J/MNRAS/450/905 : New SNe in SDSS DR9 (Graur+, 2015)J/ApJ/799/208 : Type IIP supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 (Sanders+, 2015)J/ApJ/824/86 : The BOSS emission-line lens survey. III. (Shu+, 2016)J/A+A/594/A54 : A 1689 HAWK-I J-band image (Petrushevska+, 2016)J/MNRAS/465/4914 : R-band light curves of HE 0435-1223 (Bonvin+, 2017)J/ApJ/835/166 : SNe type II from CSP-I, SDSS-II, and SNLS (de Jaeger+, 2017)J/ApJ/851/48 : SLACS. XIII. Galaxy-scale strong lens cand. (Shu+, 2017)J/ApJS/232/15 : Candidate strong lens systems from DES obs. (Diehl+, 2017)J/MNRAS/465/3558 : HATLAS candidate lensed galaxies (Negrello+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/91https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/91http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/864/91https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/91https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/91http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/864/91GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/864/91/table1 (Useful properties of the compilation of strong lenses -- from erratum published in 2021 ApJ, 919, 67)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/91/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/91/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/864/91/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.0123333-0.06894440.0055555555555555566/4134 4182 4352 4762-4763 4853 4899 4976 5292 5297 5312 5340 5500 5530 5562 5701 5719 5743 5802 5878 5951 5986 5992 6040 6105 6269 6340 6393 6470 6585 6628 6981 7305 7347 7426 8505 8510 8518 8555 8563 8568 8649 8700 9039 9084 9102 9385 9778 9809 9995 10020 10355 10453 10459 10528 10596 10741 10883 10990 11389 11499 11797 11845 11850 11948 17238 17321 17510 17665 17751 17816-17817 17840 18072 18089 18114 18542 18778 18798 18836 18841 18844 19135 19776 20003 23061 23181 23193 23216 25599 25957 25975 26012 26159 26167 26195 26279 26331 26532 26620 26951 27053 27126 27134 27196 27246 27286 27308 27348 27407 27518 27551 27672 27689 27726 27803 28206 28239 28369 28459 28515 30974 31378 31705-31706 31743 45050https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/864/91?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/864/91/table1Useful properties of the compilation of strong lenses -- from erratum published in 2021 ApJ, 919, 67SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSurveySurvey name (1)meta.idcharNameSystem name (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharf_Name[*] *: systems with simultaneous H{alpha} detectionsmeta.codecharRAJ2000System hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000System degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainzL[0.06/0.7] Lens redshift inferred from the SDSS/BOSS spectrumsrc.redshiftfloatzS[0.2/1.6] Source redshift inferred from the SDSS/BOSS spectrumsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatmu[2/85] Total magnification from the best-fit lens modelphot.mag;arith.ratiointffiberFraction of source flux collected by the SDSS/BOSS fiber%phot.flux;arith.ratiointFOII[0.8/15]? Apparent [OII] flux (in units of 10^-16^erg/s/cm^2^) collected by the SDSS/BOSS fiber1e-19W.m**-2phot.fluxfloatnullablee_FOII[0.2/8]? FOII uncertainty1e-19W.m**-2stat.errorfloatnullableSFR[0.2/52]? Intrinsic star formation rate estimated from [OII] fluxsolMass/yrmeta.idfloatnullablee_SFR[0.1/32]? SFR uncertaintysolMass/yrstat.error;phys.SFRfloatnullableNcc[0.001/0.2]? Core-collapse SN rate inferred from the SFRyr**-1time;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_Ncc[0.001/0.1]? Ncc uncertaintyyr**-1stat.errorfloatnullableNIa[0.0001/0.02]? Type-Ia SN rate inferred from the SFRyr**-1time;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_NIa[0.0001/0.02]? NIa uncertaintyyr**-1stat.errorfloatnullable