J/ApJ/860/4ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/4doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18600004CDSOrdenes-Briceno Y.Puzia T.H.Eigenthaler P.Taylor M.A.Munoz R.P.,Zhang H.Alamo-Martinez K.Ribbeck K.X.Grebel E.K.Angel S.Cote P.,Ferrarese L.Hilker M.Lancon A.Mieske S.Miller B.W.Rong Y.,Sanchez-Janssen R.2023-12-11T20:01:35Z2023-09-29T08:46:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersdwarf-galaxiesinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyWide-band photometryWe present the analysis of 61 nucleated dwarf galaxies in the central regions (<~R_vir_/4) of the Fornax galaxy cluster. The galaxies and their nuclei are studied as part of the Next Generation Fornax Survey using optical imaging obtained with the Dark Energy Camera mounted at Blanco/Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory and near-infrared data obtained with VIRCam at VISTA/ESO. We decompose the nucleated dwarfs in nucleus and spheroid, after subtracting the surface brightness profile of the spheroid component and studying the nucleus using point source photometry. In general, nuclei are consistent with colors of confirmed metal-poor globular clusters, but with significantly smaller dispersion than other confirmed compact stellar systems in Fornax. We find a bimodal nucleus mass distribution with peaks located at log(M_*_/M_{sun}_)~5.4 and ~6.3. These two nucleus subpopulations have different stellar population properties: the more massive nuclei are older than ~2Gyr and have metal-poor stellar populations (Z<~0.02Z_{sun}_), while the less massive nuclei are younger than ~2Gyr with metallicities in the range 0.02<Z/Z_{sun}_<=1. We find that the nucleus mass (M_nuc_) versus galaxy mass (M_gal_) relation becomes shallower for less massive galaxies starting around 10^8^M_{sun}_, and the mass ratio {eta}_n_=M_nuc_/M_gal_ shows a clear anticorrelation with M_gal_ for the lowest masses, reaching 10%. We test current theoretical models of nuclear cluster formation and find that they cannot fully reproduce the observed trends. A likely mixture of in situ star formation and star cluster mergers seems to be acting during nucleus growth over cosmic time.2018ApJ...860....4Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/860/4CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)J/AJ/127/105 : Star clusters in late-type spiral gal. (Boker+, 2004)J/ApJ/621/673 : Line indices for 124 early-type galaxies (Thomas+, 2005)J/MNRAS/371/703 : MILES library of empirical spectra (Sanchez-Blazquez+, 2006)J/MNRAS/396/1075 : Globular cluster in nearby dwarf gal. II (Georgiev+, 2009)J/MNRAS/414/3699 : Study of hot stellar systems and galaxies (Misgeld+, 2011)J/ApJ/763/40 : UBVI phot. of GCs in the Fornax galaxy cluster (Kim+, 2013)J/A+A/566/A47 : MW nuclear star cluster extinction map (Schoedel+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/3570 : Nuclear star clusters in 228 spiral gal. (Georgiev+, 2014)J/MNRAS/445/2385 : HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. X. (den Brok+, 2014)J/ApJ/813/L15 : Dwarf galaxies in Fornax cluster from NGFS (Munoz+, 2015)J/MNRAS/457/2122 : Nuclear star clusters photometric masses (Georgiev+, 2016)J/MNRAS/459/4450 : Peculiar compact stellar systems in Fornax (Wittmann+, 2016)J/ApJS/227/12 : NGVS XXV. Virgo globular clusters phot. (Powalka+, 2016)J/ApJ/855/142 : Next Generation Fornax Survey. II. (Eigenthaler+, 2018)J/ApJ/858/118 : Kinematic data of 3 nearby low-mass galaxies (Nguyen+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/4https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/4http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/4https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/4https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/4http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/4GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/860/4/table1 (Nuclear star cluster parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/4/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/4/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/4/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true53.3424583-35.60561110.0055555555555555565/8633 6/34531 34537 34540-345418.643406281242892e-20 6.11321178556617e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/860/4?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/860/4/table1Nuclear star cluster parametersSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainupmag[20.78/25.1]? CTIO/DECam u'-band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_upmag[0.005/0.2]? Uncertainty on the upmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablegpmag[19.6/26.2]? CTIO/DECam g'-band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gpmag[0.002/0.2]? Uncertainty on the gpmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableipmag[18.7/25.1]? CTIO/DECam i'-band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_ipmag[0.001/0.2]? Uncertainty on the ipmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[18.38/23.92]? VISTA/VIRCam J-band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.002/0.2]? Uncertainty on the Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag[18.2/23.1]? VISTA/VIRCam Ks-band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.003/0.2]? Uncertainty on the Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablelogM[4.8/7.3]? Log of stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablee_logM[0.001/0.4]? Lower uncertainty on logMlog(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullableE_logM[0.001/0.5]? Upper uncertainty on logMlog(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablepPapDisplay data from previous papers (Munoz+ 2015, J/ApJ/813/L15 and Eigenthaler+ 2018, J/ApJ/855/142)meta.ref.urlintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNGFSNGFS name (HHMMSS+DDMMSS; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.main