J/ApJ/860/100ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/100doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18600100CDSDe Cia A.Gal-Yam A.Rubin A.Leloudas G.Vreeswijk P.Perley D.A.,Quimby R.Yan L.Sullivan M.Flors A.Sollerman J.Bersier D.,Cenko S.B.Gal-Yam M.Maguire K.Ofek E.O.Prentice S.Schulze S.,Spyromilio J.Valenti S.Arcavi I.Corsi A.Howell D.A.Mazzali P.,Kasliwal M.M.Taddia F.Yaron O.2019-11-04T14:48:29Z2019-07-31T12:21:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaevisible-astronomysloan-photometryultraviolet-photometryredshiftedWe investigate the light-curve properties of a sample of 26 spectroscopically confirmed hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) in the Palomar Transient Factory survey. These events are brighter than SNe Ib/c and SNe Ic-BL, on average, by about 4 and 2mag, respectively. The peak absolute magnitudes of SLSNe-I in rest-frame g band span -22<~M_g_<~-20mag, and these peaks are not powered by radioactive ^56^Ni, unless strong asymmetries are at play. The rise timescales are longer for SLSNe than for normal SNe Ib/c, by roughly 10 days, for events with similar decay times. Thus, SLSNe-I can be considered as a separate population based on photometric properties. After peak, SLSNe-I decay with a wide range of slopes, with no obvious gap between rapidly declining and slowly declining events. The latter events show more irregularities (bumps) in the light curves at all times. At late times, the SLSN-I light curves slow down and cluster around the ^56^Co radioactive decay rate. Powering the late-time light curves with radioactive decay would require between 1 and 10M_{sun}_ of Ni masses. Alternatively, a simple magnetar model can reasonably fit the majority of SLSNe-I light curves, with four exceptions, and can mimic the radioactive decay of ^56^Co, up to ~400days from explosion. The resulting spin values do not correlate with the host-galaxy metallicities. Finally, the analysis of our sample cannot strengthen the case for using SLSNe-I for cosmology.2018ApJ...860..100Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/860/100CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/313 : Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) photometric catalog 1.0 (Ofek+, 2012)J/ApJ/736/159 : Photometry monitoring of the SN PTF10vdl (Gal-Yam+, 2011)J/other/Nat/491.228 : Light curves of 2 superluminous supernovae (Cooke+, 2012)J/ApJ/763/42 : X-ray emission from 28 SNe (IIn, Ibn, SLSN-I) (Ofek+, 2013)J/MNRAS/444/3258 : Velocities and EW of PTF SNe Ia (Maguire+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/154 : Palomar Transient Factory SNe IIn photometry (Ofek+, 2014)J/ApJ/781/42 : Optical photometry of SN 2010jl (Ofek+, 2014)J/ApJ/797/24 : Imaging observations of iPTF 13ajg (Vreeswijk+, 2014)J/MNRAS/446/3895 : The rising light curves of Type Ia supernovae (Firth+, 2015)J/MNRAS/448/1206 : Superluminous supernovae in faint galaxies (McCrum+, 2015)J/A+A/574/A60 : Light curve templates of SNe Ib/c from SDSS (Taddia+, 2015)J/ApJ/830/13 : Host NUV-NIR data of 32 superluminous SNe (Perley+, 2016)J/ApJ/820/33 : R-band light curves of type II supernovae (Rubin+, 2016)J/MNRAS/459/3939 : Type II supernova light curves (Valenti+, 2016)J/ApJ/835/58 : PTF 12dam & iPTF 13dcc follow-up (Vreeswijk+, 2017)J/ApJ/852/81 : 17 PS1 superluminous SNe LCs + classif. (Lunnan+, 2018)J/A+A/609/A106 : PTF11mnb Bgri light curves (Taddia+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/100https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/100http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/860/100https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/100https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/100http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/860/100GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/860/100/slsn (The PTF 26 hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) and their radiated energy and nickel mass estimates (tables 1 and 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/100/slsn?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/100/slsn?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/860/100/slsn?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true194.8157527.27736110.0055555555555555566/2153 4552 5145 7582 7835 8568 9107 9231 9438 10003 10122 10306 10378 10705 13372 16647 17749 18630 20246 25516 27934 27937 31236 31518 32102 36861https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/860/100?format=asciiOpticalUVdefaultJ/ApJ/860/100/slsnThe PTF 26 hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) and their radiated energy and nickel mass estimates (tables 1 and 3)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharz[0.05/0.8] Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPTFPTF identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTypeTypesrc.classcharAv[0.02/1.5] Galactic foreground extinctionmagphys.absorption.galfloatlogLbol[43.4/44.6] log of the bolometric peak luminositylog(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatl_logErad[>=] Limit flag on logEradmeta.code.errorcharlogErad[49.3/51.3] log of radiated energy1e-07Jphys.energyfloatl_MNipk[<=] Limit flag on MNipkmeta.code.errorcharMNipk[3.4/49.5] Nickel mass estimate from the peak luminositysolMassphys.massfloatl_MNid[<=] Limit flag on MNidmeta.code.errorcharMNid[0.8/9.7]? Nickel mass estimate from the late-time decaysolMassphys.massfloatnullableKgrDisplay the K_gr_ corrections for this SN (link to Table 9)meta.ref.urlcharKriDisplay the K_ri_ corrections for this SN (link to Table 10)meta.ref.urlcharLCInteractive LC plot (from Table 11)meta.ref.urlcharLCgInteractive LC plot (from Table 12)meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/860/100/table12PTF rest-frame g photometry datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPTFSupernova PTF identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMJD[54918.1/57070] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublePhase[-104/716] Phase; rest-frame days with respect to peakdtime.phasefloatgmag[16.8/26.4] Apparent g band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_gmag[0.01/0.6] Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatgMag[-22.7/-13.2] Absolute rest-frame g band AB magnitude (1)magphys.magAbsfloatTelTelescope identifier (G1)meta.id;instr.telcharRefReference code (2)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/860/100/table9K_gr_ correctionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[-25/321] Supernova identifiermeta.id;meta.mainint09as[-0.3/0] K_gr_ correction for 09as; z=0.1864magphot.mag;arith.difffloat09atu[-0.5/-0.3] K_gr_ correction for 09atu; z=0.5014magphot.mag;arith.difffloat09cnd[-0.4/-0.1] K_gr_ correction for 09cnd; z=0.2585magphot.mag;arith.difffloat09cwl[-0.4/-0.3] K_gr_ correction for 09cwl; z=0.3502magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10aagc[-0.3/-0.04] K_gr_ correction for 10aagc; z=0.2067magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10bfz[-0.3/0.04] K_gr_ correction for 10bfz; z=0.1699magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10bjp[-0.4/-0.3] K_gr_ correction for 10bjp; z=0.3585magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10cwr[-0.3/-0.08] K_gr_ correction for 10cwr; z=0.2301magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10hgi[-0.2/0.2] K_gr_ correction for 10hgi; z=0.0982magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10nmn[-0.2/0.2] K_gr_ correction for 10nmn; z=0.1236magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10uhf[-0.4/-0.1] K_gr_ correction for 10uhf; z=0.2879magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10vqv[-0.5/-0.3] K_gr_ correction for 10vqv; z=0.4520magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10vwg[-0.3/-0.01] K_gr_ correction for 10vwg; z=0.1901magphot.mag;arith.difffloat11dij[-0.2/0.2] K_gr_ correction for 11dij; z=0.1429magphot.mag;arith.difffloat11hrq[-0.2/0.3] K_gr_ correction for 11hrq; z=0.0571magphot.mag;arith.difffloat11rks[-0.3/-0.01] K_gr_ correction for 11rks; z=0.1924magphot.mag;arith.difffloat12dam[-0.2/0.2] K_gr_ correction for 12dam; z=0.1075magphot.mag;arith.difffloat12gty[-0.3/0.02] K_gr_ correction for 12gty; z=0.1768magphot.mag;arith.difffloat12hni[-0.2/0.2] K_gr_ correction for 12hni; z=0.1056magphot.mag;arith.difffloat12mxx[-0.4/-0.2] K_gr_ correction for 12mxx; z=0.3274magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13ajg[-0.9/-0.1] K_gr_ correction for 13ajg; z=0.7403magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13bdl[-0.4/-0.3] K_gr_ correction for 13bdl; z=0.4030magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13bjz[-0.4/-0.1] K_gr_ correction for 13bjz; z=0.2712magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13cjq[-0.4/-0.3] K_gr_ correction for 13cjq; z=0.3962magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13dcc[-0.4/-0.3] K_gr_ correction for 13dcc; z=0.4308magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13ehe[-0.4/-0.2] K_gr_ correction for 13ehe; z=0.3434magphot.mag;arith.difffloatJ/ApJ/860/100/table10K_ri_ correctionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[-25/321] Supernova identifiermeta.id;meta.mainint09as[-0.2/-0.1] K_ri_ correction for 09as; z=0.1864magphot.mag;arith.difffloat09atu[-0.7/-0.4] K_ri_ correction for 09atu; z=0.5014magphot.mag;arith.difffloat09cnd[-0.3/-0.2] K_ri_ correction for 09cnd; z=0.2585magphot.mag;arith.difffloat09cwl[-0.5/-0.2] K_ri_ correction for 09cwl; z=0.3502magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10aagc[-0.2/-0.1] K_ri_ correction for 10aagc; z=0.2067magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10bfz[-0.2/-0.1] K_ri_ correction for 10bfz; z=0.1699magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10bjp[-0.5/-0.3] K_ri_ correction for 10bjp; z=0.3585magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10cwr[-0.3/-0.2] K_ri_ correction for 10cwr; z=0.2301magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10hgi[-0.3/-0.05] K_ri_ correction for 10hgi; z=0.0982magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10nmn[-0.3/-0.08] K_ri_ correction for 10nmn; z=0.1236magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10uhf[-0.3/-0.22] K_ri_ correction for 10uhf; z=0.2879magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10vqv[-0.7/-0.4] K_ri_ correction for 10vqv; z=0.4520magphot.mag;arith.difffloat10vwg[-0.2/-0.1] K_ri_ correction for 10vwg; z=0.1901magphot.mag;arith.difffloat11dij[-0.3/-0.09] K_ri_ correction for 11dij; z=0.1429magphot.mag;arith.difffloat11hrq[-0.2/0.02] K_ri_ correction for 11hrq; z=0.0571magphot.mag;arith.difffloat11rks[-0.2/-0.1] K_ri_ correction for 11rks; z=0.1924magphot.mag;arith.difffloat12dam[-0.3/-0.06] K_ri_ correction for 12dam; z=0.1075magphot.mag;arith.difffloat12gty[-0.2/-0.1] K_ri_ correction for 12gty; z=0.1768magphot.mag;arith.difffloat12hni[-0.3/-0.06] K_ri_ correction for 12hni; z=0.1056magphot.mag;arith.difffloat12mxx[-0.4/-0.2] K_ri_ correction for 12mxx; z=0.3274magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13ajg[-1/-0.4] K_ri_ correction for 13ajg; z=0.7403magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13bdl[-0.6/-0.3] K_ri_ correction for 13bdl; z=0.4030magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13bjz[-0.3/-0.2] K_ri_ correction for 13bjz; z=0.2712magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13cjq[-0.6/-0.3] K_ri_ correction for 13cjq; z=0.3962magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13dcc[-0.6/-0.3] K_ri_ correction for 13dcc; z=0.4308magphot.mag;arith.difffloat13ehe[-0.5/-0.2] K_ri_ correction for 13ehe; z=0.3434magphot.mag;arith.difffloatJ/ApJ/860/100/table11PTF photometry dataFiltFilter usedinstr.setup;instr.filtercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPTFSupernova PTF identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMJD[54910.4/57070] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublePhase[-104/716] Phase; rest-frame days with respect to peakdtime.phasefloatmag[16.4/25.3] Apparent AB magnitude in Filter (1)magphot.magfloate_mag[0.01/0.7] Uncertainty in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatTelTelescope identifier (G1)meta.id;instr.telchar