J/ApJ/858/41ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/858/41doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18580041CDSZhang Z.Liu M.C.Best W.M.J.Magnier E.A.Aller K.M.Chambers K.C.,Draper P.W.Flewelling H.Hodapp K.W.Kaiser N.Kudritzki R.-P.,Metcalfe N.Wainscoat R.J.Waters C.2020-07-01T08:35:07Z2019-04-26T14:44:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbrown-dwarfsproper-motionssurveysmolecular-cloudsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyWide-band photometrystellar-spectral-typesstellar-agesextinctionWe are conducting a proper-motion survey for young brown dwarfs in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud based on the Pan-STARRS1 3{pi} Survey. Our search uses multi-band photometry and astrometry to select candidates, and is wider (370deg^2^) and deeper (down to ~3M_Jup_) than previous searches. We present here our search methods and spectroscopic follow-up of our high-priority candidates. Since extinction complicates spectral classification, we have developed a new approach using low-resolution (R~100) near-infrared spectra to quantify reddening-free spectral types, extinctions, and gravity classifications for mid-M to late-L ultracool dwarfs (<=100-3M_Jup_ in Taurus). We have discovered 25 low-gravity (VL-G) and the first 11 intermediate-gravity (INT-G) substellar (M6-L1) members of Taurus, constituting the largest single increase of Taurus brown dwarfs to date. We have also discovered 1 new Pleiades member and 13 new members of the Perseus OB2 association, including a candidate very wide separation (58kau) binary. We homogeneously reclassify the spectral types and extinctions of all previously known Taurus brown dwarfs. Altogether our discoveries have thus far increased the substellar census in Taurus by ~40% and added three more L-type members (<~5-10M_Jup_). Most notably, our discoveries reveal an older (>10Myr) low-mass population in Taurus, in accord with recent studies of the higher-mass stellar members. The mass function appears to differ between the younger and older Taurus populations, possibly due to incompleteness of the older stellar members or different star formation processes.2018ApJ...858...41Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/858/41CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/343 : Gaia-PS1-SDSS (GPS1) proper motion catalog (Tian+, 2017)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/A+AS/125/229 : A standard stellar library (Lejeune+ 1997)J/A+AS/130/65 : A standard stellar library. II. (Lejeune+ 1998)J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)J/ApJ/541/977 : HST observations of low-mass stars in IC 348 (Najita+, 2000)J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)J/ApJ/593/1093 : IC 348 membership (Luhman+, 2003)J/MNRAS/342/1241 : Low-mass stars in M45 and M44 (Pinfield+, 2003)J/AJ/127/2856 : Brown dwarfs in the 2MASS Survey (Burgasser+, 2004)J/AJ/127/3553 : JHK phot. and spectroscopy for L and T dwarfs (Knapp+, 2004)J/ApJ/637/1067 : Near-IR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)J/AJ/131/2722 : New L and T dwarfs from the SDSS (Chiu+, 2006)J/A+A/446/485 : New very low-mass members in Taurus (Guieu+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/676 : Spatial distribution of brown dwarfs in Taurus (Luhman+, 2006)J/A+A/453/635 : Modelling the Gal. Interstellar Extinction (Marshall+, 2006)J/AJ/131/3016 : Low-mass objects in Upper Scorpius (Slesnick+, 2006)J/A+A/460/695 : Search for Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)J/AJ/134/2340 : Praesepe & Coma Berenices cluster memberships (Kraus+, 2007)J/AJ/134/411 : Properties of IC 348 members (Muench+, 2007)J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)J/ApJ/676/1281 : L and T dwarfs in 2MASS/SDSS (Metchev+, 2008)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/ApJ/704/531 : The coevality of young binary systems (Kraus+, 2009)J/AJ/139/2566 : SLoWPoKES catalog (Dhital+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/AJ/142/138 : All-sky catalog of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2011)J/ApJS/196/4 : New young star candidates in Taurus-Auriga (Rebull+, 2011)J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)J/MNRAS/422/1495 : UKIDSS Gal. Clusters Survey Pleiades members (Lodieu+ 2012)J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)J/AJ/144/102 : Cat. of wide companions to Hipparcos stars (Tokovinin+, 2012)J/MNRAS/434/806 : Pre-main-sequence isochrones. II. SFR (Bell+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJ/792/119 : Companions to nearby stars from Pan-STARRS 1 (Deacon+, 2014)J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)J/AJ/150/95 : Masses and ages of YSOs in Per OB2 (Azimlu+, 2015)J/ApJ/814/118 : L/T transition dwarfs search with PS1 & WISE. II (Best+, 2015)J/ApJ/799/155 : Sub-stellar companions in Taurus (Daemgen+, 2015)J/ApJ/810/158 : M,L,T dwarfs fundamental param. and SEDs (Filippazzo+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/33 : BANYAN. VII. Candidate YMG members from BASS (Gagne+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/20 : Outflows and bubbles in Taurus (Li+, 2015)J/MNRAS/448/2737 : New PMS K/M Stars in Upper Scorpius (Rizzuto+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/96 : Hawaii infrared plx program. II. Ultracool dwarfs (Liu+, 2016)J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring of ultracool dwarf bin. (Dupuy+, 2017)J/AJ/154/134 : Planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Taurus SFR (Esplin+, 2017)J/ApJ/838/150 : The Taurus-Auriga ecosystem. I. (Kraus+, 2017)J/AJ/153/46 : Spectroscopy of candidate members in Taurus (Luhman+, 2017)J/ApJS/234/1 : Cat. of M, L, & T dwarfs from PS1 3{pi} Survey (Best+, 2018)J/AJ/155/34 : Analysis of NIR spectra of neighboring L dwarfs (Cruz+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/858/41https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/858/41http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/858/41https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/858/41https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/858/41http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/858/41GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/858/41/table1 (IRTF/SpeX observations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/41/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/41/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/41/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true59.110373131.66442780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/858/41/bdwarfs (PS1, AllWISE, UGCS and 2MASS photometry, classification and proper motions and bolometric luminosities of our discoveries and previously known objects (tables 5-9))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/41/bdwarfs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/41/bdwarfs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/858/41/bdwarfs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true59.11037531.66438890.0055555555555555565/268 270 271 299 6/337 338 342 343 347 367 368 369 372 374 377 380 477 1029 1031 1033 1037 1038 1039 1040 1042 1043 1047 1048 1050 1051 1052 1054 1057 1061 1063 1069 1077 1078 1079 1092 1112 1114 1115 1117 1119 1120 1121 1124 1126 1133 1136 1154 1159 1165 1168 1169 1170 1181 1182 1191 1200 1202 1203 1206 1208 1209 1210 1216 20594 22555 23515 23523 23526 23527 23533 23537 23538 23542 23548 23549 23551 24099 24127 24194 24197 24199 24201 24202 24210 24220 24224 24289 24292 24299 24305 243073.830199579824256e-20 4.670716440110116e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/858/41?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/858/41/table1IRTF/SpeX observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeObject type (1)src.classcharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharf_IDFlag on ID (G1)meta.codecharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableSlit[0.8] Slit widtharcsecspect.line.widthfloatR[75] Resolution; {lambda}/{Delta}{lambda}spect.resolutionintExp[58/3108] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintS/N[12/326] Median J-band Signal-to-Noise per pixelstat.snrintStdA0V standardmeta.idcharDelAir[-0.4/0.5] Average airmass difference (2)obs.airMass;arith.difffloat_RAPositions from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/858/41/bdwarfsPS1, AllWISE, UGCS and 2MASS photometry, classification and proper motions and bolometric luminosities of our discoveries and previously known objects (tables 5-9)Jmag2[9.4/17.4]? 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_ID[ad] Flag on ID (G1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeObject type (1)src.classcharObsDisplay the IRTF/SpeX observations for this object (link to Table 1)meta.ref.urlchargmag[15/29] PS1 g band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmag[0/0.6] Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatq_gmag[0/1] Quality flag for gmag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintrmag[13.1/25.1] PS1 r band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_rmag[0/0.6] Uncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatq_rmag[0/1] Quality flag for rmag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintimag[12.1/22.4] PS1 i band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imag[0/0.6] Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatq_imag[0/1] Quality flag for imag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintzmag[11.3/21] PS1 z band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_zmag[0/0.6] Uncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatq_zmag[0/1] Quality flag for zmag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qual;pos.cartesian.zintymag[10.9/19.8] PS1 y band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_ymag[0/0.6] Uncertainty in ymagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatq_ymag[0/1] Quality flag for ymag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qual;pos.cartesian.yintW1mag[8.1/15.9]? WISE 3.4um (W1) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag[0.02/0.09]? Uncertainty in W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableq_W1mag[0/1]? Quality flag for W1mag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintnullableW2mag[7.5/15.6]? WISE 4.6um (W2) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableq_W2mag[0/1]? Quality flag for W2mag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintnullableUGCSUGCS Identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id.crosscharJmag[10.7/16.9]? MKO J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.001/0.02]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullableq_Jmag[0/1]? Quality flag for Jmag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintnullableHmag[10.8/16.2]? MKO H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.001/0.02]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullableq_Hmag[0/1]? Quality flag for Hmag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintnullableKmag[9.5/16]? MKO K band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.001/0.03]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullableq_Kmag[0/1]? Quality flag for Kmag (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintnullableOID2MASS or Literature identifier (2)meta.id.crosschare_Jmag2[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in Jmag2magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullableq_Jmag2[0/1] Quality flag for Jmag2 (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintHmag2[8.6/16.5]? 2MASS H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag2[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in Hmag2magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullableq_Hmag2[0/1] Quality flag for Hmag2 (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintKsmag2[8.4/15.9]? 2MASS Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag2[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in Ksmag2magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullableq_Ksmag2[0/1] Quality flag for Ksmag2 (1=good) (G2)meta.code.qualintn_IDNote on 2MASS J06195260-2903592 (3)meta.notecharSpT1Reddening-free spectral type as computed in our work and adoptedsrc.spTypechare_SpT1[0.6/1.7] Uncertainty in SpT1stat.errorfloatnullableSpT2Allers & Liu 2013ApJ...772...79A spectral type based on the observed spectrasrc.spTypechare_SpT2[0.2/1.5] Uncertainty in SpT2stat.errorfloatnullableSpT3Allers & Liu 2013ApJ...772...79A spectral type based on the dereddened spectrasrc.spTypechare_SpT3[0.4/2.1] Uncertainty in SpT3stat.errorfloatnullableSpT4Literature spectral type for known objectssrc.spTypecharAv1[-4.3/18.4] V band extinction based on H2O-band color-color diagramsmagphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Av1[4] Uncertainty in Av1magstat.errorfloatnullableAv2[-4/13.5]? V-band extinction based on Optical/NIR colorsmagphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Av2[0.8/1.2]? Uncertainty in Av2magstat.errorfloatnullableAv3[0/18.1]? Literature V-band extinction value for known objectsmagphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Av3[0.5]? Uncertainty in Av3magstat.errorfloatnullableAv[-3.9/18.4] Adopted V band extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Av[0.8/4] Uncertainty in Avmagstat.errorfloatnullableGClassGravity classificationsrc.spTypecharpmRA[-33/123.5] Proper motion in RA * cos(DE)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA[0/48.4] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-82/89.6] Proper motion in DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE[0/57] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablechi2[0.4/80.6]? Reduced {chi}^2^ of proper motion modelpos.pm;stat.param;meta.modelledfloatnullableTeff[1939/3084]? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff[139/237]? Uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogL[-3.3/0]? Log bolometric luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logL[0.1/0.4]? Uncertainty in logLlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullablel_AgeLimit flag on Agemeta.code.error;time.agecharAge? Model derived age limit valueMyrtime.age;meta.modelledintnullableAgelo? Model derived lower ageMyrtime.age;meta.modelled;stat.minintnullableAgeup? Model derived upper ageMyrtime.age;meta.modelled;stat.maxintnullableL17Display data from Luhman+, 2017, J/AJ/153/46 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 0.5"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main