J/ApJ/857/46ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/857/46doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18570046CDSIshigaki M.N.Tominaga N.Kobayashi C.Nomoto K.2019-05-06T15:22:10Z2019-03-18T07:40:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundanceschemically-peculiar-starsastronomical-modelsstellar-massesWe compare the elemental abundance patterns of ~200 extremely metal-poor (EMP; [Fe/H]{<}-3) stars to the supernova yields of metal-free stars, in order to obtain insights into the characteristic masses of the first (Population III or Pop III) stars in the universe. The supernova yields are prepared with nucleosynthesis calculations of metal-free stars with various initial masses (M=13, 15, 25, 40 and 100M_{sun}_) and explosion energies (E_51_=E/10^51^[erg]=0.5-60), to include low-energy, normal-energy, and high-energy explosions. We adopt the mixing-fallback model, to take into account possible asymmetry in the supernova explosions, and the yields that best fit the observed abundance patterns of the EMP stars are searched by varying the model parameters. We find that the abundance patterns of the EMP stars are predominantly best- fitted by the supernova yields with initial masses M<40M_{sun}_, and that more than than half of the stars are best-fitted by the M=25M_{sun}_ hypernova (E_51_=10) models. The results also indicate that the majority of the primordial supernovae have ejected 10^-2^-10^-1^M_{sun}_ of ^56^Ni, leaving behind a compact remnant (either a neutron star or a black hole), with a mass in the range of ~1.5-5M_{sun}_. These results suggest that the masses of the first stars responsible for the first metal enrichment are predominantly <40M_{sun}_. This implies that the higher-mass first stars were either less abundant, directly collapsed into a black hole without ejecting heavy elements, or a supernova explosion of a higher-mass first star inhibits the formation of the next generation of low-mass stars at [Fe/H]{<}-3.2018ApJ...857...46Ihttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/857/46CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/416/1117 : Abundances in the early Galaxy (Cayrel+, 2004)J/ApJ/681/1524 : Detailed abundances for 28 metal-poor stars (Lai+, 2008)J/ApJ/724/341 : Nucleosynthesis of massive metal-free stars (Heger+, 2010)J/AJ/145/13 : Metal-poor stars from SDSS/SEGUE. I. Abundances (Aoki+, 2013)J/ApJ/778/56 : Hamburg/ESO Survey extremely metal-poor stars (Cohen+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/26 : Most metal-poor stars. II. Galactic halo stars (Yong+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/27 : Most metal-poor stars. III. [Fe/H]<=-3.0 stars (Yong+, 2013)J/ApJ/797/21 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Placco+, 2014)J/AJ/147/136 : Stars of very low metal abundance. VI. (Roederer+, 2014)J/ApJ/807/171 : SkyMapper Survey metal-poor star spectrosc. (Jacobson+, 2015)J/ApJ/817/53 : Fe-group elemental abundances in HD84937 (Sneden+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/857/46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/857/46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/857/46https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/857/46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/857/46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/857/46GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/857/46/table3 (Best-fit models and observed abundances from literature)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/857/46/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/857/46/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/857/46/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true5.6869253-17.4080950.0055555555555555566/2067 2426 5406 5723 6051 7456 8201 8228 8328 8766 8864 10149 10173 10430 10921 13628 16473 16514 16549 16666 16795 16819 16854 16935 17101 17343 17356 17357 17380 17392 17411 17420 17432 17495 17545 17564 17578 17598 17642 17970 17986 18683 18707 18719 18778 19017 19210 19211 22662 23094 25116 25357 25678 25719 25733 25753 25813 25832 25887 25891 25991 26005 26019 26025 26147 26200 26205 26232 26658 27150 27170 27283 27846 28054 28097 28937 28998 29001 29311 30891 31377 31383 31394 31419 31543 31585 32593 32892 32914 32921 33019 33185 33270 33470 33515 33579 33635 33642 33647 33670 33673 33703 33708 33750 34012 34069 34254 34425 34495 34574 34751 34844 34857 34995 35008 35009 35347 35367 35469 35477 35524 35532 35553 35561 35750 35760 35803 35825 35881 35899 36135 36356 36542 36628 36658 36705 36737 36789 36837 38807 38919 38929 40761 43365 43741 43926 44575 44797 44875 44974 45395 45460 45470 45790 45796 45797 45804 45825 45868 45881 45913 45969 45997 46023 46283 46565 46662 46663 46665 46685 46695 46699 46718 46780 46796 46958 46967 47075 47325 47360 47459 47556 47610 47627 47869 48129 48173 48234 48286 48363 48375 48501 48517 48534 48625 48720 48728 48734 48798 48862https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/857/46?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/857/46/table3Best-fit models and observed abundances from literatureSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMass[13/100] Pop III masssolMassphys.massintEnergy[0.5/60] Explosion energy in 10^51^erg1e+44Jphys.energyfloatMmix[1.4/45.8] Outer boundary of mixing zone in an enclosed masssolMassphys.massfloatlog10(fej)[-7/0] Ejected fractionstat.fit.paramfloat[C/H]mod[-4.9/-0.05] Model C abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[C/H]mod[1] Flag on [C/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[N/H]mod[-9.1/-0.1] Model N abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[N/H]mod[1] Flag on [N/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[(C+N)/H]mod[-5/-0.1] Model C+N abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[(C+N)/H]mod[1] Flag on [(C+N)/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[O/H]mod[-4.3/-0.6] Model O abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[O/H]mod[1] Flag on [O/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Na/H]mod[-5.8/-2] Model Na abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Na/H]mod[1] Flag on [Na/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Mg/H]mod[-4.6/-2] Model Mg abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Mg/H]mod[1] Flag on [Mg/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Al/H]mod[-5.7/-2.7] Model Al abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Al/H]mod[1] Flag on [Al/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Si/H]mod[-4.9/-2] Model Si abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Si/H]mod[1] Flag on [Si/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Ca/H]mod[-5.1/-2.4] Model Ca abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Ca/H]mod[1] Flag on [Ca/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Sc/H]mod[-7/-2.7] Model Sc abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Sc/H]mod[-2] Flag on [Sc/H]mod (1)meta.codeintf_[Co/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [Co/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Ti/H]mod[-5.3/-3] Model Ti abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Ti/H]mod[-2] Flag on [Ti/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Cr/H]mod[-5.1/-2.8] Model Cr abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Cr/H]mod[1] Flag on [Cr/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Mn/H]mod[-5.7/-3.2] Model Mn abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Mn/H]mod[1] Flag on [Mn/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Fe/H]mod[-5/-2.8] Model Fe abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Fe/H]mod[1] Flag on [Fe/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Co/H]mod[-5.1/-2.8] Model Co abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Co/H]mod[1] Flag on [Co/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Ni/H]mod[-4.9/-2.6] Model Ni abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Ni/H]mod[1] Flag on [Ni/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[Zn/H]mod[-5/-2.5] Model Zn abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abund;meta.modelledfloatf_[Zn/H]mod[1] Flag on [Zn/H]mod (1)meta.codeint[C/H]obs[-4.9/-0.06]?=-9.99 Observed C abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[C/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [C/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[N/H]obs[-4/0.3]?=-9.99 Observed N abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[N/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [N/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[(C+N)/H]obs[-4/-0.06]?=-9.99 Observed C+N abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[(C+N)/H]obs[-2/1] Flag on [(C+N)/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[O/H]obs[-3/-1.1]?=-9.99 Observed O abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[O/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [O/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Na/H]obs[-5/-1.6]?=-9.99 Observed Na abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Na/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [Na/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Mg/H]obs[-4.7/-2] Observed Mg abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatf_[Mg/H]obs[1] Flag on [Mg/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Al/H]obs[-5.5/-3.1]?=-9.99 Observed Al abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Al/H]obs[0/1] Flag on [Al/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Si/H]obs[-5.2/-1.8]?=-9.99 Observed Si abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Si/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [Si/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Ca/H]obs[-4.8/-2.4]?=-9.99 Observed Ca abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Ca/H]obs[0/1] Flag on [Ca/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Sc/H]obs[-4.9/-1.5]?=-9.99 Observed Sc abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Sc/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [Sc/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Ti/H]obs[-4.7/-2.2] Observed Ti abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatf_[Ti/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [Ti/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Cr/H]obs[-5.5/-2.9]?=-9.99 observed Cr abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Cr/H]obs[0/1] Flag on [Cr/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Mn/H]obs[-5.6/-3.1]?=-9.99 Observed Mn abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Mn/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [Mn/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Fe/H]obs[-5/-2.9] Observed Fe abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatf_[Fe/H]obs[1] Flag on [Fe/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Co/H]obs[-4.5/-2.1]?=-9.99 Observed Co abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullable[Ni/H]obs[-5/-2.6]?=-9.99 Observed Ni abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Ni/H]obs[0/1] flag on [Ni/H]obs (1)meta.codeint[Zn/H]obs[-3.6/-1.4]?=-9.99 Observed Zn abundance relative to the Sunlog(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablef_[Zn/H]obs[-1/1] Flag on [Zn/H]obs (1)meta.codeintRef[1/9] Reference code (2)meta.noteintRefCatDisplay data from Yong+, 2013, J/ApJ/762/26 ; Cohen+, 2013, J/ApJ/778/56 ; Roederer+, 2014, J/AJ/147/136 and Jacobson+ 2015, J/ApJ/807/171 within 7"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main