J/ApJ/856/52ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/856/52doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18560052CDSWenger T.V.Balser D.S.Anderson L.D.Bania T.M.2025-05-22T20:11:25Z2023-10-06T16:15:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frh-ii-regionsgiant-starsstellar-distanceradio-sourcesvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxmilky-way-galaxystar-forming-regionsDistances to high-mass star-forming regions (HMSFRs) in the Milky Way are a crucial constraint on the structure of the Galaxy. Only kinematic distances are available for a majority of the HMSFRs in the Milky Way. Here, we compare the kinematic and parallax distances of 75 Galactic HMSFRs to assess the accuracy of kinematic distances. We derive the kinematic distances using three different methods: the traditional method using the Brand & Blitz (1993, J/A+A/275/67) rotation curve (Method A), the traditional method using the Reid+ (2014, J/ApJ/783/130) rotation curve and updated solar motion parameters (Method B), and a Monte Carlo technique (Method C). Methods B and C produce kinematic distances closest to the parallax distances, with median differences of 13% (0.43kpc) and 17% (0.42kpc), respectively. Except in the vicinity of the tangent point, the kinematic distance uncertainties derived by Method C are smaller than those of Methods A and B. In a large region of the Galaxy, the Method C kinematic distances constrain both the distances and the Galactocentric positions of HMSFRs more accurately than parallax distances. Beyond the tangent point along l=30{deg}, for example, the Method C kinematic distance uncertainties reach a minimum of 10% of the parallax distance uncertainty at a distance of 14kpc. We develop a prescription for deriving and applying the Method C kinematic distances and distance uncertainties. The code to generate the Method C kinematic distances is publicly available and may be utilized through an online tool.2018ApJ...856...52Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/856/52CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/54 : Atlas of Galactic Neutral Hydrogen (Hartmann+, 1997)VIII/75 : HI survey of the sky DE<+25{deg} (Bajaja+, 2005)VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)J/A+A/275/67 : Velocity Field of the outer Galaxy (Brand+ 1993)J/ApJS/138/63 : H_2_CO and H{alpha} observations of UC HII (Araya+, 2002)J/ApJ/582/756 : Velocities of HII regions (Kolpak+, 2003)J/ApJ/587/714 : H_2_CO and H{alpha} observations of UC HII (Watson+, 2003)J/ApJS/154/553 : Inner galaxy massive star formation regions (Sewilo+, 2004)J/ApJ/690/706 : Distances of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2009)J/ApJ/699/1153 : Kinematic dist. to GRS molecular clouds (Roman-Duval+, 2009)J/ApJ/720/1055 : VBLA observations of W51 Main/South (Sato+, 2010)J/MNRAS/411/705 : Spectrophotometric distances of HII regions (Moises+, 2011)J/MNRAS/420/1656 : RMS compact HII regions distances (Urquhart+, 2012)J/ApJ/754/62 : HRDS III. HII region kinematic distances (Anderson+, 2012)J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/29 : Atlas of HI abs. toward HII regions in SGPS I (Brown+, 2014)J/ApJS/212/1 : The WISE catalog of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2014)J/ApJ/806/199 : RRL & continuum data of 21 Gal. HII regions (Balser+, 2015)J/ApJS/221/26 : Radio obs. of Galactic WISE HII regions (Anderson+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/856/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/856/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/856/52https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/856/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/856/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/856/52GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/856/52/sample (High-mass star-forming region (including 3 red supergiants) (Table 1) and Monte Carlo parallax and derived kinematic distances (Table 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/856/52/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/856/52/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/856/52/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true275.103375-16.19313890.0055555555555555566/2973 3011 3061 3262 3311 3649 4775 6164 14063 14241 14280 14287 14309 14314 14317 14353 14594 14611 14621-14622 14643 14655 14671 14674 14689 14692 14704 15409 15429 15458 15473 15671 15676 15681 15759 21439 22212 22502 22518 29116 29461 29532-29533 30219 30245 30258-30259 30269 30312-30313 30318-30319 30328 30405 30425 30617-30618 30622 30644 30691 30694 30715 39905https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/856/52?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/856/52/sampleHigh-mass star-forming region (including 3 red supergiants) (Table 1) and Monte Carlo parallax and derived kinematic distances (Table 3)SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName (GLLL.ll+BB.bb) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharf_Name[a] a: red supergiantsmeta.codecharANameAlternative name (1)meta.idcharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainplx[0.09/2.41] Parallax (1)maspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.005/0.153] Parallax uncertainty (1)masstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatVlsr[-73/109] Local Standard of Rest velocity (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrinte_Vlsr[3/10] Vlsr uncertainty (1)km/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrintRefReference(s) (1)(2)meta.ref;pos.framecharplxDP[0.4/11] The Monte Carlo parallax distance, DPkpcpos.parallax.trigfloate_plxDP[0.01/1.91] Lower uncertainty on plxDPkpcstat.errorfloatE_plxDP[0.01/3.34] Upper uncertainty on plxDPkpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatDistA[0.44/11.8] The kinematic distance using method A, D_A_kpcpos.distancefloate_DistA[0.3/6] DistA uncertaintykpcstat.errorfloatKDARAAssociated kinematic distance ambiguity resolution, KDAR_A_pos.distance;stat.errorcharDistB[0.24/11.6] The kinematic distance using method B, D_B_kpcpos.distancefloate_DistB[0.36/5.87] DistB uncertaintykpcstat.errorfloatKDARBAssociated kinematic distance ambiguity resolution, KDAR_A_pos.distance;stat.errorcharDistC[0.07/11.4] The kinematic distance using method C, D_C_kpcpos.distancefloate_DistC[0.06/2.4] Lower uncertainty on DistCkpcstat.errorfloatE_DistC[0.31/3.3] Upper uncertainty on DistCkpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatKDARCAssociated kinematic distance ambiguity resolution, KDAR_C_pos.distance;stat.errorchar