J/ApJ/855/63ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/855/63doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18550063CDSHirai Y.Saitoh T.R.Ishimaru Y.Wanajo S.2019-02-25T13:36:00Z2019-02-07T14:43:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-evolutionary-modelssupernovaechemical-abundancesThe heaviest iron-peak element Zinc (Zn) has been used as an important tracer of cosmic chemical evolution. Spectroscopic observations of the metal-poor stars in Local Group galaxies show an increasing trend of [Zn/Fe] ratios toward lower metallicity. However, the enrichment of Zn in galaxies is not well understood due to poor knowledge of astrophysical sites of Zn, as well as metal mixing in galaxies. Here we show possible explanations for the observed trend by taking into account electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe) as one of the sources of Zn in our chemodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxies. We find that the ejecta from ECSNe contribute to stars with [Zn/Fe]>~0.5. We also find that scatters of [Zn/Fe] in higher metallicities originate from the ejecta of type Ia supernovae. On the other hand, it appears difficult to explain the observed trends if we do not consider ECSNe as a source of Zn. These results come from an inhomogeneous spatial metallicity distribution due to the inefficiency of the metal mixing. We find that the optimal value of the scaling factor for the metal diffusion coefficient is ~0.01 in the shear- based metal mixing model in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. These results suggest that ECSNe could be one of the contributors of the enrichment of Zn in galaxies.2018ApJ...855...63Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/855/63CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/416/1117 : Abundances in the early Galaxy (Cayrel+, 2004)J/ApJ/608/405 : Explosive yields of massive star (Chieffi+, 2004)J/A+A/415/993 : FeII, ZNI and SI abundances on halo stars (Nissen+, 2004)J/A+A/465/815 : Abundances of Sgr dSph stars (Sbordone+, 2007)J/ApJ/701/1053 : Abundances of 8 stars in the Draco dSph (Cohen+, 2009)J/ApJ/705/328 : Abundance measurements in Sculptor dSph (Kirby+, 2009)J/ApJ/719/931 : Chemical evolution of the UMi dSph (Cohen+, 2010)J/ApJ/708/560 : Spectroscopy of UMa II and Coma Ber (Frebel+, 2010)J/ApJS/191/352 : Abundances in stars of MW dwarf satellites (Kirby+, 2010)J/MNRAS/412/843 : SAGA extremely metal-poor stars (Suda+, 2011)J/A+A/530/A33 : DLA depletion estimates (Vladilo+, 2011)J/A+A/544/A73 : BVI photometry of Fornax dSph galaxy (de Boer+, 2012)J/AJ/144/168 : Spectroscopy of Scl 1019417 and UMi 20103 (Kirby+, 2012)J/ApJS/199/38 : Presupernova evolution (Limongi+, 2012)J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)J/ApJ/751/102 : Equivalent widths of 9 RGB in Carina dSph (Venn+, 2012)J/ApJ/763/61 : Abundances of 7 red giant members of BootesI (Gilmore+, 2013)J/ApJ/779/102 : Metallicities of RGB stars in dwarf galaxies (Kirby+, 2013)J/ApJ/786/74 : EW measurements of 6 Segue 1 red giants (Frebel+, 2014)J/ApJ/802/93 : Abundance analysis of 5 stars in Sculptor (Simon+, 2015)J/A+A/574/A129 : The First CEMP star in the Sculptor dSph (Skuladottir+, 2015)J/ApJ/830/93 : Abundances of Ret II brightest red giant members (Ji+, 2016)J/A+A/604/A128 : S abundances for 1301 stars from GES (Duffau+, 2017)J/A+A/608/A46 : Constraining cosmic scatter (Reggiani+, 2017)J/A+A/606/A71 : dSph RGB abundance and velocities (Skuladottir+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/855/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/855/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/855/63https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/855/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/855/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/855/63GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/ApJ/855/63/table1The mass ranges of electron-capture supernova (ECSN) progenitorsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMetal[1e-05/0.02] Metallicityphys.abund.ZdoubleD15L[8.2/9.8] Lower Mass of ECSN progenitors in Doherty+(2015MNRAS.446.2599D)solMassphys.massfloatD15U[8.4/9.9] Upper Mass of ECSN progenitors in Doherty+ (2015MNRAS.446.2599D)solMassphys.massfloatP07L[6.4/9] Lower Mass of ECSN progenitors in Poelarends (2007PhDT.......212P)solMassphys.massfloatP07U[8.2/9.3] Upper Mass of ECSN progenitors in Poelarends (2007PhDT.......212P)solMassphys.massfloatCL[8.5] Lower Mass of ECSN progenitors in the constant mass model (1)solMassphys.massfloatCU[9] Upper Mass of ECSN progenitors in the constant mass model (1)solMassphys.massfloatJ/ApJ/855/63/table2*Yields of Fe and Zn of each type of SNrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintElNames of elementsmeta.id;meta.maincharMetal[0/0.02] Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloate8.8[0.001/0.0031] Yields of electron-capture SNe (1)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleSN15[/0.073] Yields of core-collapse SNe of 15Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleSN20[/0.073] Yields of core-collapse SNe of 20Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleSN25[/0.074] Yields of core-collapse SNe of 25Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleSN30[/0.075] Yields of core-collapse SNe of 30Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleSN40[/0.081] Yields of core-collapse SNe of 40Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleHN20[/0.085] Yields of hypernovae of 20Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleHN25[0.00026/0.16] Yields of hypernovae of 25Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleHN30[0.00013/0.21] Yields of hypernovae of 30Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddoubleHN40[0.00069/0.28] Yields of hypernovae of 40Msun (2)solMassphys.composition.yielddouble