Luminosity functions of tidal disruption flares J/ApJ/852/72 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/852/72 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18520072 CDS van Velzen S. 2019-01-07T08:51:46Z 2018-10-24T13:23:24Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr galaxies black-holes stellar-flares infrared-photometry visible-astronomy Wide-band photometry redshifted galaxy-kinematics The tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole is expected to yield a luminous flare of thermal emission. About two dozen of these stellar tidal disruption flares (TDFs) may have been detected in optical transient surveys. However, explaining the observed properties of these events within the tidal disruption paradigm is not yet possible. This theoretical ambiguity has led some authors to suggest that optical TDFs are due to a different process, such as a nuclear supernova or accretion disk instabilities. Here we present a test of a fundamental prediction of the tidal disruption event scenario: a suppression of the flare rate due to the direct capture of stars by the black hole. Using a recently compiled sample of candidate TDFs with black hole mass measurements, plus a careful treatment of selection effects in this flux-limited sample, we confirm that the dearth of observed TDFs from high-mass black holes is statistically significant. All the TDF impostor models we consider fail to explain the observed mass function; the only scenario that fits the data is a suppression of the rate due to direct captures. We find that this suppression can explain the low volumetric rate of the luminous TDF candidate ASASSN-15lh, thus supporting the hypothesis that this flare belongs to the TDF family. Our work is the first to present the optical TDF luminosity function. A steep power law is required to explain the observed rest-frame g-band luminosity, dN/dL_g_{propto}L_g_^-2.5^. The mean event rate of the flares in our sample is ~1x10^-4^galaxy^-1^/yr, consistent with the theoretically expected tidal disruption rate. 2018ApJ...852...72V https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/852/72 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012) II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009) J/A+A/610/A14 : ASASSN-15lh MUSE host spectroscopy (Kruehler+, 2018) J/ApJ/844/46 : Photometry of iPTF16fnl transient event (Blagorodnova+, 2017) J/ApJS/229/32 : CANDELS: multiwavelength catalogs in the EGS (Stefanon+, 2017) J/MNRAS/465/L114 : OGLE16aaa UVOT light curves (Wyrzykowski+, 2017) J/ApJ/836/25 : Swift UVOT light curves of ASASSN-15lh (Margutti+, 2017) J/MNRAS/463/3813 : ASASSN-15oi UBVI M2W1W2 light curves (Holoien+, 2016) J/ApJ/793/38 : Palomar Transient Factory photometric obs. (Arcavi+, 2014) J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014) J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014) J/ApJ/676/944 : GALEX & CFHTLS cand. tidal disruption events (Gezari+, 2008) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/852/72 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/852/72 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/852/72 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/852/72 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/852/72 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/852/72 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/852/72/mockgals (Synthetic galaxy catalog (from FITS version sent by the author; see table 5)) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/852/72/mockgals? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/852/72/mockgals? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/852/72/mockgals? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 168.026905 62.12783806 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/852/72/tdfs (the stellar tidal disruption flares (TDFs) (table 1) and their host properties (table 2)) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/852/72/tdfs? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/852/72/tdfs? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/852/72/tdfs? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 36.3206667 -4.54975 0.005555555555555556 2/23 3/64 79 86 87 89 90 91 100 101 112 113 116 153 165 166 167 171 174 175 177 178 184 410 411 412 423 427 428 429 432 433 434 4/260 261 264 299 302 303 313 314 335 341 342 343 353 354 355 389 390 391 408 409 412 413 456 457 468 469 512 513 514 573 574 575 583 589 591 592 594 600 602 620 621 623 624 659 677 678 679 682 683 688 689 690 693 694 695 705 707 716 718 724 740 744 745 746 1621 1622 1623 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1637 1638 1639 1656 1658 1685 1686 1687 1691 1703 1707 1720 1721 1722 1724 1740 1741 1744 1760 1961 1962 1963 1965 5/136 138 425 1048 1049 1050 1052 1060 1088 1089 1193 1202 1203 1206 1242 1243 1246 1247 1249 1250 1251 1260 1261 1262 1335 1338 1339 1357 1358 1359 1362 1363 1411 1540 1541 1549 1552 1553 1555 1585 1588 1589 1596 1597 1640 1641 1644 1645 1656 1840 1841 1842 1844 1845 1880 1881 1882 1884 1888 2060 2067 2068 2070 2072 2073 2074 2080 2085 2086 2087 2091 2092 2167 2174 2176 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Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int z [0.003/1] Redshift src.redshift float RAJ2000 Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed DEJ2000 Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed mass [4e+06/1.1e+12] Total galaxy mass (1) solMass phys.mass double B300 [2.5e-14/1] Specific SFR over past 300Myr (1) yr**-1 phys.SFR double B1000 [4.8e-06/1] Specific SFR over past Gyr (1) yr**-1 phys.SFR double sSFR [0/2.5e-08] Specific SFR from MPA-JHU catalog (2) yr**-1 phys.SFR double BT [0.01/1] Bulge-to-total ratio (3) phot.mag.sb;arith.ratio float r50 [0.1/140]? Effective radius based on Sersic fit (4) kpc phys.size.radius float nullable Sersic [0.2/6]? Sersic index (4) stat.fit.param float nullable sigma [0.9/2142]? Velocity dispersion (5) km/s phys.veloc.dispersion float nullable sigmaS [0/850]? SDSS pipeline velocity dispersion (4) km/s phys.veloc.dispersion float nullable e_sigmaS [-4/1307]? Uncertainty in sigmaS (6) km/s stat.error float nullable MBHs [-0.8/12.5]? log Black hole mass from sigma; Eq. 8 log(solMass) phys.mass float nullable MBHb [0.9/11]? log Black hole mass from bulge mass; Eq. 9 log(solMass) phys.mass float nullable rmag [7.7/22.5]? Apparent r-band AB magnitude mag phot.mag;em.opt.R float nullable rMag [-25/-15.1]? Absolute, k-corrected r-band AB magnitude mag phys.magAbs float nullable gmag [8.3/27]? Apparent g-band AB magnitude mag phot.mag;em.opt.B float nullable gMag [-26.6/-14.6]? Absolute, k-corrected g-band AB magnitude mag phys.magAbs float nullable
J/ApJ/852/72/tdfs the stellar tidal disruption flares (TDFs) (table 1) and their host properties (table 2) SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id char Filt Filter meta.id;instr.filter char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Name Name of the TDF host galaxy meta.id;meta.main char RAJ2000 Hour of right ascension (J2000) pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 Degree of declination (J2000) pos.eq.dec;meta.main mMax [16.2/22.4]? Maximum observed apparent magnitude in Filt mag phot.mag;stat.max float nullable f_mMax [*] *: peak of the light curve was not resolved meta.code char Lg [42.3/44.8]? Rest-frame g-band luminosity log(1e-07W) phys.luminosity;em.opt float nullable Temp [1.2/5.6]? Observed blackbody temperature 10000K phys.temperature float nullable Lbb [43.4/45.6]? Blackbody luminosity log(1e-07W) phys.luminosity;em.opt float nullable z [0.01/0.5] Redshift src.redshift float zMax [0.02/0.9] Maximum redshift where this flare could have been detected given the survey effective flux limit src.redshift;stat.max float gmag [15.2/23] Apparent corrected g-band magnitude (1) mag phot.mag;em.opt.B float e_gmag [0/0.3] gmag uncertainty (2) mag stat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.B float rmag [14.7/21.4] Apparent corrected r-band magnitude (1) mag phot.mag;em.opt.R float e_rmag [0/0.1] rmag uncertainty (2) mag stat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.R float Kmag [14/20] Apparent corrected K-band magnitude (1) mag phot.mag;em.IR.K float e_Kmag [0.01/0.3] Kmag uncertainty (2) mag stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.K float rMag [-22.2/-18.6] r-band absolute magnitude in the rest-frame of the host galaxy mag phys.magAbs float gMag [-21.4/-18.1] g-band absolute magnitude in the rest-frame of the host galaxy mag phys.magAbs float Mass [9.5/11] Total stellar mass of the galaxy (3) log(solMass) phys.mass float sigma [53/225]? Velocity dispersion {sigma} (4) km/s phys.veloc.dispersion int nullable e_sigma [2/18]? sigma uncertainty km/s stat.error int nullable MBH [5.7/8.3]? Black hole mass M_{dot}_ log(solMass) phys.mass float nullable e_MBH [0.4/0.6]? MBH uncertainty log(solMass) stat.error float nullable zW17 [0.1/0.6] Maximum redshift for inclusion of the galaxy in the Wevers+ (2017MNRAS.471.1694W) sample src.redshift;stat.max float NED NED column added by the CDS meta.ref.url char