J/ApJ/850/15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/850/15doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18500015CDSPechetti R.Seth A.Cappellari M.McDermid R.den Brok M.Mieske S.,Strader J.2018-09-27T11:31:26Z2018-07-20T14:23:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesgalaxy-kinematicsstellar-massesblack-holesWe present dynamical measurements of the central mass-to-light ratio (M/L) of a sample of 27 low-mass early-type ATLAS^3D^ galaxies. We consider all ATLAS^3D^ galaxies with 9.7<log(M*/M_{sun}_)<10.5 in our analysis, selecting out galaxies with available high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data, and eliminating galaxies with significant central color gradients or obvious dust features. We use the HST images to derive mass models for these galaxies and combine these with the central velocity dispersion values from ATLAS^3D^ data to obtain a central dynamical M/L estimate. These central dynamical M/Ls are higher than dynamical M/Ls derived at larger radii and stellar population estimates of the galaxy centers in ~80% of galaxies, with a median enhancement of ~14% and a statistical significance of 3.3{sigma}. We show that the enhancement in the central M/L is best described either by the presence of black holes in these galaxies or by radial initial mass function variations. Assuming a black hole model, we derive black hole masses for the sample of galaxies. In two galaxies, NGC 4458 and NGC 4660, the data suggest significantly overmassive black holes, while in most others only upper limits are obtained. We also show that the level of M/L enhancements we see in these early-type galaxy nuclei are consistent with the larger enhancements seen in ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs), supporting the scenario where massive UCDs are created by stripping galaxies of these masses.2017ApJ...850...15Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/850/15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)VII/237 : HYPERLEDA. I. Catalog of galaxies (Paturel+, 2003)J/ApJ/621/673 : Line indices for 124 early-type galaxies (Thomas+, 2005)J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)J/ApJ/714/25 : AMUSE-Virgo survey. II. (Gallo+, 2010)J/MNRAS/413/813 : ATLAS3D project. I. (Cappellari+, 2011)J/MNRAS/443/1151 : AIMSS Project. I. Compact Stellar Systems (Norris+, 2014)J/ApJ/798/54 : "Under-massive" black hole candidates (Graham+, 2015)J/ApJ/826/L32 : Black hole masses in megamaser disk galaxies (Greene+, 2016)J/MNRAS/458/2221 : ATLAS3D Project. XXXI (Nyland+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/850/15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/850/15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/850/15/galaxies (Mass-to-light ratios, central velocity dispersions and HST imaging data and black hole masses and sphere of influence (tables 2 and 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/15/galaxies?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/15/galaxies?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/850/15/galaxies?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true124.743123357.80306060.0055555555555555566/5075 6099 7355 11435 13401 26361 26542 27518 27578 27713 27718 27719 27736 27743 27773 27861 27907 27914 27938 27944 27946 28033 28037 28311 40952https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/850/15?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/850/15/table1Multi-Gaussian Expansion (MGE) parameters of all 27 galaxiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy's name from LEDA, Paturel+ (2003, VII/237)meta.id;meta.maincharFiltFilter in which the MGE components are derived (F475W, F606W, F702W, F814W)meta.id;instr.filtercharlog(I)[-0.3/6] Surface brightness of each Gaussianlog(solLum.pc**-2)phot.mag.sbfloatlog(Sig)[-1.8/1.7] Width of each Gaussianlog(arcsec)spect.line.widthfloatq[0.1/1] Axis ratio of each Gaussianphys.size.axisRatiofloatJ/ApJ/850/15/galaxiesMass-to-light ratios, central velocity dispersions and HST imaging data and black hole masses and sphere of influence (tables 2 and 3)CameraHST camera used for mass modelsmeta.id;instrcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy's name from LEDA, Paturel+ (2003, VII/237)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNmgeNumber of multi-Gaussian Expansion parameters for this galaxy (link to table 1)meta.numberintnullableM/L-c[1.3/11.2] Central M/L derived using JAM models (1)solMass/solLumphys.composition.massLightRatiofloatb_M/L-c[0.9/10.2] Lower bound on M/L-cen (1)solMass/solLumphys.composition.massLightRatio;stat.minfloatB_M/L-c[1.7/12.1] Upper bound on M/L-cen (1)solMass/solLumphys.composition.massLightRatio;stat.maxfloatM/L-dyn[0.9/10.5] Dynamical M/L derived from outer parts of galaxies (2)solMass/solLumphys.composition.massLightRatiofloatq_M/L-dyn[0/3]? Quality flag for M/L-dyn (3=good) (3)meta.code.qualintnullableM/L-pop[1.3/4.3] Stellar population M/L derived from nuclear spectra (4)solMass/solLumphys.composition.massLightRatiofloatSigma-c[49.8/317.1] Central velocity dispersionskm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloate_Sigma-c[2/10.6] Uncertainty in {sigma}-ckm/sstat.errorfloatr_Sigma-c[1/2] Source for {sigma}-c (5)meta.ref;pos.frameintFilt1Filter used for mass models (F475W, F606W, F702W, F814W)meta.code;instr.filtercharFilt2Filters used for colorsmeta.code;instr.filtercharsigma-e[1.7/2.4] Effective stellar velocity dispersion (6)km/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatlogM*[9.8/10.6] Galaxy mass, log, Cappellari+ (2013MNRAS.432.1709C)log(solMass)phys.massfloatMBH-dyn[0/778000000] Best-fit BH masses using (M/L)-dyn (7)solMassphys.massdoubleb_MBH-dyn[0/557000000] Lower bound on MBH-dyn (7)solMassphys.mass;stat.mindoubleB_MBH-dyn[26400000/998000000] Upper bound on MBH-dyn (7)solMassphys.mass;stat.maxdoubleMBH-pop[0/1290000000] Best-fit BH masses using (M/L)-pop (8)solMassphys.massdoubleb_MBH-pop[0/1070000000] Lower bound on MBH-pop (8)solMassphys.mass;stat.mindoubleB_MBH-pop[14600000/1510000000] Upper bound on MBH-pop (8)solMassphys.mass;stat.maxdoubleMBH-pre[173000/545000000] Expected BH masses from MBH-{sigma} (9)solMassphys.massdoublerSOI[7.2/263.7] Sphere of Influence predicted using MBH-dyn (10)pcphys.size.radiusfloatPixel1[50/187] Pixel size, ATLAS-3D (11)pcphys.angSize;instr.pixelfloatPixel2[2.6/11.1] Pixel size, HST (12)pcphys.angSize;instr.pixelfloatATLAS3DDisplay data from the ATLAS3D project (Cappellari+, 2011, J/MNRAS/413/813)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main