J/ApJ/846/145ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/846/145doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18460145CDSWilliams B.F.Dolphin A.E.Dalcanton J.J.Weisz D.R.Bell E.F.,Lewis A.R.Rosenfield P.Choi Y.Skillman E.Monachesi A.2018-09-25T13:13:58Z2018-06-15T13:56:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesstellar-agesmetallicityWe map the star formation history across M31 by fitting stellar evolution models to color-magnitude diagrams of each 83"x83" (0.3x1.4kpc, deprojected) region of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey outside of the innermost 6'x12' portion. We find that most of the star formation occurred prior to ~8Gyr ago, followed by a relatively quiescent period until ~4Gyr ago, a subsequent star formation episode about 2Gyr ago, and a return to relative quiescence. There appears to be little, if any, structure visible for populations with ages older than 2Gyr, suggesting significant mixing since that epoch. Finally, assuming a Kroupa initial mass function from 0.1 to 100M_{sun}_, we find that the total amount of star formation over the past 14Gyr in the area over which we have fit models is 5x10^10^M_{sun}_. Fitting the radial distribution of this star formation and assuming azimuthal symmetry, (1.5+/-0.2)x10^11^M_{sun}_ of stars has formed in the M31 disk as a whole, (9+/-2)x10^10^M_{sun}_ of which has likely survived to the present after accounting for evolutionary effects. This mass is about one-fifth of the total dynamical mass of M31.2017ApJ...846..145Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/846/145CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/184/152 : Deep optical photometry in M31 (Brown+, 2009)J/A+A/509/A61 : Long slit spectroscopy in M31 (Saglia+, 2010)J/ApJ/734/L22 : ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury (Williams+, 2011)J/ApJS/215/9 : PHAT X. UV-IR photometry of M31 stars (Williams+, 2014)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/846/145https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/846/145http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/846/145https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/846/145https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/846/145http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/846/145GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/846/145/table2 (Star formation rate surface densities (10^-4^Msun/yr/arcmin^2) for every age bin (combining all metallicities) for each model set in each 83"x83" region from our fixed chemical enrichment fits)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.68762541.37138890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/846/145/table8 (Star formation rate surface densities (10^-4^Msun/yr/arcmin^2) for every age bin (combining all metallicities) for each model set in each 83"x83" region from our free-metallicity fits)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.68762541.37138890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/846/145/table1 (Best-fit star formation rates (Msun/yr) for every age and metallicity for each model set in each 83"x83" region from our fixed chemical enrichment fits)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.68762541.37138890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/846/145/table7 (Best-fit star formation rates (Msun/yr)for every age and metallicity for each model set in each 83"x83" region from our free-metallicity fits)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/846/145/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.68762541.37138890.0055555555555555566/2623 2666 2709 2752https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/846/145?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/846/145/table2Star formation rate surface densities (10^-4^Msun/yr/arcmin^2) for every age bin (combining all metallicities) for each model set in each 83"x83" region from our fixed chemical enrichment fitsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintModelModel set (BASTI, MIST, PARSEC or Padova) (G1)stat.param;meta.modelledcharRAJ2000[0] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[41/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainAge1[0/13.1] Age range, 0.0-0.3Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age1[0/2.9] Upper uncertainty on Age10.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age1[0/3] Lower uncertainty on Age10.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge2[0/89.4] Age range, 0.3-0.4Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age2[0/7.2] Upper uncertainty on Age20.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age2[0/10.2] Lower uncertainty on Age20.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge3[0/589.7] Age range, 0.4-0.5Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age3[0/21.1] Upper uncertainty on Age30.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age3[0/37.8] Lower uncertainty on Age30.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge4[0/323.6] Age range, 0.5-0.6Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age4[0/36.1] Upper uncertainty on Age40.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age4[0/73.4] Lower uncertainty on Age40.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge5[0/973.5] Age range, 0.6-0.8Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age5[0/97.2] Upper uncertainty on Age50.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age5[0/60.7] Lower uncertainty on Age50.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge6[0/632.6] Age range, 0.8-1.0Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age6[0/62] Upper uncertainty on Age60.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age6[0/90] Lower uncertainty on Age60.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge7[0/797] Age range, 1.0-1.3Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age7[0/81.5] Upper uncertainty on Age70.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age7[0/132.1] Lower uncertainty on Age70.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge8[0/685.8] Age range, 1.3-1.6Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age8[0/49] Upper uncertainty on Age80.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age8[0/114.7] Lower uncertainty on Age80.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge9[0/433] Age range, 1.6-2.0Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age9[0/42] Upper uncertainty on Age90.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age9[0/67.8] Lower uncertainty on Age90.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge10[0/788.4] Age range, 2.0-2.5Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age10[0/63.4] Upper uncertainty on Age100.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age10[0/91] Lower uncertainty on Age100.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge11[0/580] Age range, 2.5-3.2Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age11[0/59] Upper uncertainty on Age110.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age11[0/99.1] Lower uncertainty on Age110.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge12[0/132] Age range, 3.2-4.0Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age12[0/31.3] Upper uncertainty on Age120.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age12[0/25.4] Lower uncertainty on Age120.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge13[0/75.3] Age range, 4.0-5.0Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age13[0/21.6] Upper uncertainty on Age130.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age13[0/20.0] Lower uncertainty on Age130.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge14[0/129.4] Age range, 5.0-6.3Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age14[0/15.5] Upper uncertainty on Age140.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age14[0/36.6] Lower uncertainty on Age140.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge15[0/153.5] Age range, 6.3-7.9Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age15[0/48.1] Upper uncertainty on Age150.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age15[0/35.1] Lower uncertainty on Age150.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge16[1.4/919] Age range, 7.9-14.1Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age16[0/72.3] Upper uncertainty on Age160.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age16[0.1/28] Lower uncertainty on Age160.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAllDisplay all data for this source in this catalog (tables 1, 2, 7 and 8)meta.ref.urlcharW14Display data from PHAT X (Williams+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/9) within 0.12"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/846/145/table8Star formation rate surface densities (10^-4^Msun/yr/arcmin^2) for every age bin (combining all metallicities) for each model set in each 83"x83" region from our free-metallicity fitsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintModelModel set (BASTI, MIST, PARSEC or Padova) (G1)stat.param;meta.modelledcharRAJ2000[0] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[41/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainAge1[0/18.1] Age range, 0.0-0.3Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age1[0/6.1] Upper uncertainty on Age10.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age1[0/5.8] Lower uncertainty on Age10.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge2[0/46.1] Age range, 0.3-0.4Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age2[0/10.6] Upper uncertainty on Age20.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age2[0/19.7] Lower uncertainty on Age20.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge3[0/341.7] Age range, 0.4-0.5Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age3[0/58.1] Upper uncertainty on Age30.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age3[0/41.7] Lower uncertainty on Age30.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge4[0/482] Age range, 0.5-0.6Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age4[0/54.5] Upper uncertainty on Age40.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age4[0/43.5] Lower uncertainty on Age40.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge5[0/212.1] Age range, 0.6-0.8Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age5[0/151.7] Upper uncertainty on Age50.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age5[0/69.7] Lower uncertainty on Age50.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge6[0/487.5] Age range, 0.8-1.0Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age6[0/32.1] Upper uncertainty on Age60.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age6[0/95] Lower uncertainty on Age60.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge7[0/711.8] Age range, 1.0-1.3Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age7[0/105.7] Upper uncertainty on Age70.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age7[0/73] Lower uncertainty on Age70.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge8[0/941.7] Age range, 1.3-1.6Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age8[0/109] Upper uncertainty on Age80.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age8[0/51.4] Lower uncertainty on Age80.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge9[0/406.6] Age range, 1.6-2.0Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age9[0/49] Upper uncertainty on Age90.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age9[0/49.5] Lower uncertainty on Age90.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge10[0/591.7] Age range, 2.0-2.5Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age10[0/72.2] Upper uncertainty on Age100.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age10[0/68.4] Lower uncertainty on Age100.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge11[0/1174.8] Age range, 2.5-3.2Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age11[0/114.5] Upper uncertainty on Age110.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age11[0/76.1] Lower uncertainty on Age110.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge12[0/261] Age range, 3.2-4.0Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age12[0/73.3] Upper uncertainty on Age120.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age12[0/106] Lower uncertainty on Age120.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge13[0/206] Age range, 4.0-5.0Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age13[0/84.0] Upper uncertainty on Age130.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age13[0/65.8] Lower uncertainty on Age130.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge14[0/180.4] Age range, 5.0-6.3Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age14[0/59.6] Upper uncertainty on Age140.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age14[0/78.1] Lower uncertainty on Age140.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge15[0/317] Age range, 6.3-7.9Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age15[0/121.8] Upper uncertainty on Age150.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age15[0/69.5] Lower uncertainty on Age150.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAge16[1.9/976] Age range, 7.9-14.1Gyr0.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2phys.SFRfloatE_Age16[0/64.5] Upper uncertainty on Age160.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Age16[0/68.3] Lower uncertainty on Age160.0001solMass.yr**-1.arcmin**-2stat.errorfloatAllDisplay all data for this source in this catalog (tables 1, 2, 7 and 8)meta.ref.urlcharW14Display data from PHAT X (Williams+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/9) within 0.12"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/846/145/table1Best-fit star formation rates (Msun/yr) for every age and metallicity for each model set in each 83"x83" region from our fixed chemical enrichment fitsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintModelModel set (BASTI, MIST, PARSEC or Padova) (G1)stat.param;meta.modelledcharRAJ2000[0] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000[41/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.main[Fe/H][-2.3/0.2] Metallicty, log(Z/Z_sun)log(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatAge1[0/0.003] Age range, 0.0-0.3GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge2[0/0.02] Age range, 0.3-0.4GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge3[0/0.08] Age range, 0.4-0.5GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge4[0/0.06] Age range, 0.5-0.6GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge5[0/0.2] Age range, 0.6-0.8GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge6[0/0.08] Age range, 0.8-1.0GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge7[0/0.2] Age range, 1.0-1.3GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge8[0/0.2] Age range, 1.3-1.6GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge9[0/0.06] Age range, 1.6-2.0GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge10[0/0.1] Age range, 2.0-2.5GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge11[0/0.2] Age range, 2.5-3.2GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge12[0/0.05] Age range, 3.2-4.0GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge13[0/0.04] Age range, 4.0-5.0GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge14[0/0.04] Age range, 5.0-6.3GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge15[0/0.04] Age range, 6.3-7.9GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge16[0/0.06] Age range, 7.9-14.1GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAllDisplay all data for this source in this catalog (tables 1, 2, 7 and 8)meta.ref.urlcharW14Display data from PHAT X (Williams+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/9) within 0.12"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/846/145/table7Best-fit star formation rates (Msun/yr)for every age and metallicity for each model set in each 83"x83" region from our free-metallicity fitsModelModel set (BASTI, MIST, PARSEC or Padova) (G1)stat.param;meta.modelledcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[0] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000[41/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.main[Fe/H][-2.3/0.2] Metallicty, log(Z/Z_sun)log(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatAge1[0/0.003] Age range, 0.0-0.3GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge2[0/0.02] Age range, 0.3-0.4GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge3[0/0.08] Age range, 0.4-0.5GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge4[0/0.06] Age range, 0.5-0.6GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge5[0/0.2] Age range, 0.6-0.8GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge6[0/0.08] Age range, 0.8-1.0GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge7[0/0.2] Age range, 1.0-1.3GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge8[0/0.2] Age range, 1.3-1.6GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge9[0/0.06] Age range, 1.6-2.0GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge10[0/0.1] Age range, 2.0-2.5GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge11[0/0.2] Age range, 2.5-3.2GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge12[0/0.05] Age range, 3.2-4.0GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge13[0/0.04] Age range, 4.0-5.0GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge14[0/0.04] Age range, 5.0-6.3GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge15[0/0.04] Age range, 6.3-7.9GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAge16[0/0.06] Age range, 7.9-14.1GyrsolMass/yrphys.SFRcharAllDisplay all data for this source in this catalog (tables 1, 2, 7 and 8)meta.ref.urlcharW14Display data from PHAT X (Williams+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/9) within 0.12"meta.ref.urlchar