J/ApJ/842/118ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/842/118doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18420118CDSLeggett S.K.Tremblin P.Esplin T.L.Luhman K.L.Morley C.V.2018-05-16T08:16:27Z2018-02-06T14:28:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryy-dwarfsstellar-spectral-typesvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxbrown-dwarfsThe survey of the mid-infrared sky by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) led to the discovery of extremely cold, low-mass brown dwarfs, classified as Y dwarfs, which extend the T class to lower temperatures. Twenty-four Y dwarfs are known at the time of writing. Here we present improved parallaxes for four of these, determined using Spitzer images. We give new photometry for four late-type T and three Y dwarfs and new spectra of three Y dwarfs, obtained at Gemini Observatory. We also present previously unpublished photometry taken from HST, ESO, Spitzer, and WISE archives of 11 late-type T and 9 Y dwarfs. The near-infrared data are put onto the same photometric system, forming a homogeneous data set for the coolest brown dwarfs. We compare recent models to our photometric and spectroscopic data set. We confirm that nonequilibrium atmospheric chemistry is important for these objects. Nonequilibrium cloud-free models reproduce well the near-infrared spectra and mid-infrared photometry for the warmer Y dwarfs with 425<=T_eff_(K)<=450. A small amount of cloud cover may improve the model fits in the near-infrared for the Y dwarfs with 325<=T_eff_(K)<=375. Neither cloudy nor cloud-free models reproduce the near-infrared photometry for the T_eff_=250K Y dwarf WISEJ085510.83-071442.5 (W0855). We use the mid-infrared region, where most of the flux originates, to constrain our models of W0855. We find that W0855 likely has a mass of 1.5-8 Jupiter masses and an age of 0.3-6Gyr. The Y dwarfs with measured parallaxes are within 20pc of the Sun and have tangential velocities typical of the thin disk. The metallicities and ages we derive for the sample are generally solar-like. We estimate that the known Y dwarfs are 3 to 20 Jupiter-mass objects with ages of 0.6-8.5Gyr.2017ApJ...842..118Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/842/118CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/144 : Near-IR spectroscopy of low-mass binaries and brown dwarfs (Mace, 2014)J/ApJ/564/421 : Spectra of T dwarfs. I. (Burgasser+, 2002)J/AJ/126/2487 : T dwarfs in the southern hemisphere (Burgasser+, 2003)J/AJ/127/3553 : JHK photometry & spectroscopy for L and T dwarfs (Knapp+, 2004)J/A+A/433/185 : Abundance analysis of 102 F and G dwarfs (Bensby+, 2005)J/MNRAS/373/781 : JHK photometry of faint standard stars (Leggett+, 2006)J/AJ/134/2398 : Stellar SEDs in SDSS and 2MASS filters (Covey+, 2007)J/MNRAS/384/1399 : Proper motions of field L and T dwarfs (Jameson+, 2008)J/AJ/137/1 : PMs and astrometry of late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)J/ApJS/197/19 : First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE (Kirkpatrick+, 2011)J/ApJ/753/156 : T/Y brown dwarfs with WISE photometry (Kirkpatrick+, 2012)J/A+A/562/A71 : Abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)J/A+A/589/A49 : Photometric brown-dwarf classification (Skrzypek+, 2016)J/ApJ/832/58 : IRAC monitoring of WISE J085510.83-071442.5 (Esplin+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/842/118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/842/118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/842/118https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/842/118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/842/118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/842/118GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/842/118/table15 (Brown dwarfs or brown dwarf systems with spectral types T6 and later)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/842/118/table15?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/842/118/table15?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/842/118/table15?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true40.8071667-24.89161110.0055555555555555566/10 1692 2471 3120 4288 4948 5024 8219 8281 8299 8351 8384 8478 8519 8649 8719 9230 9597 11435 11940 12223 12519 13446 14638 18017 18067 18156 18182 18303 18799 19050 19467 19487 19608 19981 19987 19992 19995 20001 20468 21729 22007 22521 22681 23272 23530 24694 24708 25100 25966 26020 26248 26365 26555 26564 26569 27332 27684 27735 27858 28040 31319 32580 32652 33031 33257 33303 33616 33660 34304 34325 35572 36039 36072 36922 37041 37404 37477 38330 38928 39683 39835 40228 40905 40947 41276 44286 44338 46444 468831.3088508223161842e-20 2.821731604724377e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/842/118?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/842/118/table2New near-infrared photometry from WFC3 and HAWK-I archivese_Jmag[0.02/0.03]? Jmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameBorwn dwarf designationmeta.id;meta.maincharSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharF105W[18/26]? HST/WFC3 F105W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F105W[0.03/0.2]? F105W uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableF125W[17/26]? HST/WFC3 F125W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F125W[0.03/0.3]? F125W uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableF127W[16/25]? HST/WFC3 F127W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F127W[0.02/0.3]? F127W uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableF160W[17/25.5]? HST/WFC3 F160W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F160W[0.03/0.2]? F160W uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableJmag[18.7/19.7]? VLT/HAWK-I J magnitude (MKO system)magphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag[19.2/20.2]? VLT/HAWK-I H magnitude (MKO system)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.02/0.03]? Hmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullablePIDWFC3 and HAWK-I PI and observation identifiermeta.id;obscharJ/ApJ/842/118/table3New mid-infrared photometry from IRAC and WISE archivesPIDIRAC PI and observation IDmeta.id;obscharSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameBrown dwarf designationmeta.id;meta.maincharm_NameBinary indicatormeta.code.multipcharf_Name[a] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharl_SpTLimit flag on SpTmeta.code.errorchar[3.6][14/17.8]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_[3.6][0.02/0.1]? [3.6] uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullable[4.5][12.5/15.5]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[4.5][0.02/0.03]? [4.5] uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableW1mag[17.3/19.1]? WISE W1 (3.4um) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag[0.2/0.3]? W1mag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW3mag[11.9/14]? WISE W3 (12um) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag[0.1/0.3]? W3mag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJ/ApJ/842/118/table7New astrometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameBrown dwarf designationmeta.id;meta.maincharm_NameBinary indicatormeta.code.multipcharf_NameFlag on Name (1)meta.codecharPlx[0.05/0.2] Parallaxarcsecpos.parallax.trigfloate_Plx[0.005/0.02] Plx uncertaintyarcsecstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-2.4/0.8] Proper motion along RAarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.004/0.02] pmRA uncertaintyarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-1.3/0.3] Proper motion along DECarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.004/0.01] pmDE uncertaintyarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatJ/ApJ/842/118/table1New Gemini NIRI photometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameBrown dwarf designationmeta.id;meta.maincharl_SpTLimit flag on SpTmeta.code.errorcharSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharl_Ymag3{sigma} limit flag on Ymagmeta.code.error;pos.cartesian.ycharYmag? Gemini/NIRI Y magnitude in the MKO Y systemmagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableCH4s[23.38]? Gemini/NIRI CH4(short) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_CH4s[0.2]? CH4s uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableHmag[23.11]? Gemini/NIRI H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.27]? Hmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableM'mag[12/14]? Gemini/NIRI M' magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_M'mag[0.06/0.2]? M'mag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJ/ApJ/842/118/table8Y dwarf data setrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameY dwarf designationmeta.id;meta.maincharm_NameBinary indicatormeta.code.multipcharf_Name[abc] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharl_SpT[>=] Limit flag on SpTmeta.code.errorcharSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharM-m[-1.5/3.3]? Distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModfloatnullablee_M-m[0.04/0.3]? M-m uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableYmag[19.6/26.6]? MKO system Y-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Ymag[0.03/0.3]? Ymag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableJmag[19.4/25.5] MKO system J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.03/0.7] Jmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag[19.9/25.3] MKO system H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0.04/0.4] Hmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKmag[19.9/23.5]? MKO system K-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.06/0.4]? Kmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullable[3.6][16/19.3]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_[3.6][0.02/0.2]? [3.6] uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullable[4.5][13.5/16.8]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[4.5][0.02/0.05]? [4.5] uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableW1mag[16.4/19.1]? WISE W1 (3.4um) magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag[0.08/0.4]? W1mag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW2mag[13.5/17]? WISE W2 (4.6um) magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag[0.04/0.1]? W2mag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW3mag[11.7/14]? WISE W3 (12um) magnitude (2)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag[0.2/0.5]? W3mag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullabler_plxPlx reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharr_IRACIRAC reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharr_YJHKYJHK reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharRefDiscovery reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/ApJ/842/118/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference code in table 8meta.note;meta.tablecharRef15Reference code (First author's name and year) in table 15meta.ref;pos.framecharBibCodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharCommCommentmeta.notecharJ/ApJ/842/118/table15Brown dwarfs or brown dwarf systems with spectral types T6 and laterrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNIRIDisplay the new Gemini NIRI photometry (table 1)meta.ref.urlintnullableNameStar name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimarym_NameBinary indicator (2)meta.code.multipcharNpDisplay the new photometry for this brown dwarf from HST/WFC3, ESO VLT HAWK-I, Spitzer/IRAC and WISE archives (tables 2 and 3)meta.ref.urlintnullableADisplay the new astrometry for this brown dwarf (table 7)meta.ref.urlintnullableSpT[6/12] Spectral type indicator e.g. 6=T6 12=Y2src.spTypefloatYDisplay this Y dwarf data (table 8)meta.ref.urlintnullableM-m[-2.4/3.3]? Distance modulus (absolute magnitude - apparent magnitude)magphot.mag.distModfloatnullablee_M-m[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in M-mmagstat.errorfloatnullableJMag[14.2/28.8]? Absolute MKO J (Vega) magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.IR.JfloatnullableC2Mag[12/17.2]? Absolute Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (Vega) magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullableJ-C2[1.9/11.6]? MKO J - Spitzer/IRAC C2 colormagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableimag[22.5/26]? SDSS i (AB) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.09/0.7]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablezmag[18/22.8]? SDSS z (AB) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0.04/0.3]? Uncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableYmag[15/26.6]? MKO Y (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Ymag[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in Ymagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableJmag[14.2/25.5] MKO J (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.01/0.3] Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag[14.6/25.3]? MKO H (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKmag[15.2/23.5]? MKO K (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableL'mag[12.3/14]? MKO L' (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_L'mag[0.04/0.08]? Uncertainty in L'magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableM'mag[11.7/14]? MKO M' (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_M'mag[0.06/0.2]? Uncertainty in M'magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableC1mag[13/19.3]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_C1mag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in C1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableC2mag[11.6/16.8]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_C2mag[0.01/0.05]? Uncertainty in C2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableC3mag[12.3/15.4]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um (Vega) magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_C3mag[0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty in C3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableC4mag[11.7/14.6]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um (Vega) magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_C4mag[0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty in C4magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW1mag[14/19.1]? WISE W1 3.35um (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag[0.03/0.5]? Uncertainty in W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW2mag[11.6/17]? WISE W2 4.6um (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableW3mag[10.2/14]? WISE W3 11.6um (Vega) magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag[0.07/0.5]? Uncertainty in W3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableRef1Discovery reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharCompName if object is known to be part of a multiple systemmeta.id.assoccharRef2Spectral classification reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharRef3Trigonometric parallax reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharRef4Photometry reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharWISEDisplay the WISE (II/311) and AllWISE (II/328) data within 10"meta.ref.urlintnullableSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main