J/ApJ/841/116ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/841/116doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18410116CDSHendler N.P.Mulders G.D.Pascucci I.Greenwood A.Kamp I.Henning T.,Menard F.Dent W.R.F.Evans II N.J.2018-05-14T09:08:50Z2018-03-02T12:54:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-astronomyspectroscopystellar-massesbrown-dwarfsThe properties of disks around brown dwarfs and very low mass stars (hereafter VLMOs) provide important boundary conditions on the process of planet formation and inform us about the numbers and masses of planets than can form in this regime. We use the Herschel Space Observatory PACS spectrometer to measure the continuum and [OI]63{mu}m line emission toward 11 VLMOs with known disks in the Taurus and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions. We fit radiative transfer models to the spectral energy distributions of these sources. Additionally, we carry out a grid of radiative transfer models run in a regime that connects the luminosity of our sources with brighter T Tauri stars. We find that VLMO disks with sizes 1.3-78au, smaller than typical T Tauri disks, fit well the spectral energy distributions assuming that disk geometry and dust properties are stellar mass independent. Reducing the disk size increases the disk temperature, and we show that VLMOs do not follow previously derived disk temperature-stellar luminosity relationships if the disk outer radius scales with stellar mass. Only 2 out of 11 sources are detected in [OI] despite a better sensitivity than was achieved for T Tauri stars, suggesting that VLMO disks are underluminous. Using thermochemical models, we show that smaller disks can lead to the unexpected [OI]63{mu}m nondetections in our sample. The disk outer radius is an important factor in determining the gas and dust observables.2017ApJ...841..116Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/841/116CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)J/A+A/416/555 : Brown Dwarfs in ChaI Dark Cloud (Lopez-Marti+ 2004)J/A+A/446/485 : New very low-mass members in Taurus (Guieu+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/676 : Spatial distribution of brown dwarfs in Taurus (Luhman+, 2006)J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)J/ApJ/684/654 : Low-mass members of Chamaeleon I (Luhman+, 2008)J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)J/PASP/125/477 : Gas Survey of Protoplanetary Systems. I. (Dent+, 2013)J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)J/ApJ/773/168 : Submm fluxes of very low-mass stars and BDs (Mohanty+, 2013)J/ApJ/788/40 : Late-type targets in Taurus, ChaI & Upper Sco (Todorov+, 2014)J/A+A/570/A29 : TBOSS Survey I: Herschel/PACS (Bulger+, 2014)J/MNRAS/444/1157 : Members of ONC and Tau-Aur (Davies+, 2014)J/A+A/594/A59 : Far-IR lines in YSOs Herschel-PACS (Riviere-Marichalar+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/125 : ALMA 887um obs. of ChaI star-forming region (Pascucci+, 2016)J/AJ/153/46 : Spectroscopy of candidate members in Taurus (Luhman+, 2017)J/AJ/154/46 : Proper motions & photom. for members of Cha I (Esplin+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/841/116https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/841/116http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/841/116https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/841/116https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/841/116http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/841/116GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/841/116/fluxes (Source properties (table 1) and observed continuum flux densities and line fluxes (table 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/841/116/fluxes?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/841/116/fluxes?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/841/116/fluxes?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true63.573370828.10269440.0055555555555555566/1039 1043 1054 1063 1159 1169 36956 369577.64018953826481e-23 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/841/116?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/841/116/fluxesSource properties (table 1) and observed continuum flux densities and line fluxes (table 3)l_F189[<=] Limit flag on F189meta.code.errorcharF189[66/318] Herschel/PACS 189um line fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHz;spect.linefloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharNameCommon namemeta.idcharprimaryRegRegion (1)meta.id.parentcharSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTReference (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharAv[0/4.6] Visual extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatf_Av[b] Flag on Av (3)meta.codecharlogLbol[-2.3/-0.7] Log of bolometric luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatf_logLbol[a] a: GM Tau luminosity from Davies+ 2014, J/MNRAS/444/1157meta.codecharRefReference (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharTeff[2765/3125] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintMass[0.04/0.2] MasssolMassphys.massfloatl_FOI[<=] Limit flag on FOImeta.code.errorcharFOI[2.2/5.2] Herschel/PACS [OI] flux density1e-18W.m**-2phot.flux.densityfloate_FOI[1/1.3]? FOI uncertainty1e-18W.m**-2stat.errorfloatnullablel_F63[<=] Limit flag on F63meta.code.errorcharF63[98/359] Herschel/PACS 63.2um line fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100um;spect.linefloate_F63[32/51]? F63 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullablee_F189[40/84]? F189 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableF70[36/266]? 70um line fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umintnullablee_F70[1/17]? F70 uncertaintymJystat.errorintnullabler_F70Reference for F70 (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharR10Display data from Rebull+, 2010, J/ApJS/186/259, within 2"meta.ref.urlcharL17Display data from Luhman+, 2017, J/AJ/153/46, within 1"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/841/116/table4Source photometryl_F0.675Limit flag on flux at 0.675ummeta.code.errorcharl_F23.6747Limit flag on flux at 23.6747ummeta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS name; JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSsmeta.id;meta.maincharl_F0.875Limit flag on flux at 0.875ummeta.code.errorcharF0.875[0.0001/0.005]? Flux at 0.875umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F0.875Reference for flux at 0.875um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F1.25Limit flag on flux at 1.25ummeta.code.errorcharF1.25[0.001/0.08] Flux 2MASS (J) at 1.25umJyphot.fluxdoubler_F1.25Reference for flux at 1.25um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F1.75Limit flag on flux at 1.75ummeta.code.errorcharF1.75[0.002/0.2] Flux 2MASS (H) at 1.75umJyphot.fluxdoubler_F1.75Reference for flux at 1.75um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F2.5Limit flag on flux at 2.5ummeta.code.errorcharF2.5[0.004/0.2] Flux 2MASS (Ks) at 2.5umJyphot.fluxdoubler_F2.5Reference for flux at 2.5um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F3.35001Limit flag on flux at 3.35001ummeta.code.errorcharF3.35001[0.01/0.2]? Flux WISE (W1) at 3.35001umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F3.35001Reference for flux at 3.35001um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F4.49302Limit flag on flux at 4.49302ummeta.code.errorcharF4.49302[0.01/0.2]? Flux Spitzer/IRAC at 4.49302umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F4.49302Reference for flux at 4.49302um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F5.73096Limit flag on flux at 5.73096ummeta.code.errorcharF5.73096[0.01/0.2]? Flux Spitzer/IRAC at 5.73096umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F5.73096Reference for flux at 5.73096um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F7.87208Limit flag on flux at 7.87208ummeta.code.errorcharF7.87208[0.01/0.2]? Flux Spitzer/IRAC at 7.87208umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F7.87208Reference for flux at 7.87208um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F11.5598Limit flag on flux at 11.5598ummeta.code.errorcharF11.5598[0.02/0.2]? Flux at 11.5598umJyphot.fluxfloatnullabler_F11.5598Reference for flux at 11.5598um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharF23.6747[0.05/0.3]? Flux Spitzer/MIPS at 23.6747umJyphot.fluxfloatnullabler_F23.6747Reference for flux at 23.6747um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F70.0008Limit flag on flux at 70.0008ummeta.code.errorcharF70.0008[0.07/0.3]? Flux Herschel/PACS at 70.0008umJyphot.fluxfloatnullabler_F70.0008Reference for flux at 70.0008um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F100.0Limit flag on flux at 100.0ummeta.code.errorcharF100.0[0.03/0.3]? Flux Herschel/PACS at 100.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F100.0Reference for flux at 100.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F160.0Limit flag on flux at 160.0ummeta.code.errorcharF160.0[0.03/0.3]? Flux at 160.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F160.0Reference for flux at 160.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F189.0Limit flag on flux at 189.0ummeta.code.errorcharF189.0[66/318] Herschel/PACS flux at 189.0ummJyphot.fluxfloatr_F189.0Reference for flux at 189.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F890.0Limit flag on flux at 890.0ummeta.code.errorcharF890.0[0.004/0.05]? Flux SMA at 890.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F890.0Reference for flux at 890.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F1300.0Limit flag on flux at 1300.0ummeta.code.errorcharF1300.0[0.001/0.02]? Flux at 1300.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F1300.0Reference for flux at 1300.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F2600.0Limit flag on flux at 2600.0ummeta.code.errorcharF2600.0[0.002/0.008]? Flux IRAM at 2600.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F2600.0Reference for flux at 2600.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F71.42Limit flag on flux at 71.42ummeta.code.errorcharF71.42[0.04/0.2]? Flux Spitzer/MIPS at 71.42umJyphot.fluxfloatnullabler_F71.42Reference for flux at 71.42um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F100.001Limit flag on flux at 100.001ummeta.code.errorcharF100.001[0.039]? Flux Herschel/PACS at 100.001umJyphot.fluxfloatnullabler_F100.001Reference for flux at 100.001um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharF0.675[/0.0001]? Flux at 0.675umJyphot.fluxfloatnullabler_F0.675Reference for flux at 0.675um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F860.0Limit flag on flux at 860.0ummeta.code.errorcharF860.0[0.00087]? Flux JCMT/SCUBA-2 at 860.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F860.0Reference for flux at 860.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F850.0Limit flag on flux at 850.0ummeta.code.errorcharF850.0[0.01/46.6]? Flux at 850.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F850.0Reference for flux at 850.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F3.4Limit flag on flux at 3.4ummeta.code.errorcharF3.4[0.006/0.06]? Flux at 3.4umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F3.4Reference for flux at 3.4um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F4.5Limit flag on flux at 4.5ummeta.code.errorcharF4.5[0.006/0.05]? Flux Spitzer/IRAC at 4.5umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F4.5Reference for flux at 4.5um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F5.8Limit flag on flux at 5.8ummeta.code.errorcharF5.8[0.005/0.05]? Flux Spitzer/IRAC at 5.8umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F5.8Reference for flux at 5.8um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F8.0Limit flag on flux at 8.0ummeta.code.errorcharF8.0[0.008/0.05]? Flux Spitzer/IRAC at 8.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F8.0Reference for flux at 8.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F12.0Limit flag on flux at 12.0ummeta.code.errorcharF12.0[0.01/0.04]? Flux at 12.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F12.0Reference for flux at 12.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharl_F24.0Limit flag on flux at 24.0ummeta.code.errorcharF24.0[0.02/0.07]? Flux Spitzer/MIPS at 24.0umJyphot.fluxdoublenullabler_F24.0Reference for flux at 24.0um (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharNameOther namemeta.idcharprimarySEDIR-SED plot of this starmeta.ref.urlchar