J/ApJ/833/281ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/833/281doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18330281CDSKado-Fong E.Williams P.K.G.Mann A.W.Berger E.Burgett W.S.,Chambers K.C.Huber M.E.Kaiser N.Kudritzki R.-P.Magnier E.A.,Rest A.Wainscoat R.J.Waters C.2019-02-04T10:44:17Z2017-06-14T08:58:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvisible-astronomysloan-photometrystellar-massesm-starsstellar-distanceinfrared-photometryWe report on an ongoing project to investigate activity in the M dwarf stellar population observed by the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey (PS1-MDS). Using a custom-built pipeline, we refine an initial sample of ~4 million sources in PS1-MDS to a sample of 184148 candidate cool stars using color cuts. Motivated by the well-known relationship between rotation and stellar activity, we use a multiband periodogram analysis and visual vetting to identify 270 sources that are likely rotating M dwarfs. We derive a new set of polynomials relating M dwarf PS1 colors to fundamental stellar parameters and use them to estimate the masses, distances, effective temperatures, and bolometric luminosities of our sample. We present a catalog containing these values, our measured rotation periods, and cross-matches to other surveys. Our final sample spans periods of <~1-130 days in stars with estimated effective temperatures of ~2700-4000K. Twenty-two of our sources have X-ray cross-matches, and they are found to be relatively X-ray bright as would be expected from selection effects. Our data set provides evidence that Kepler-based searches have not been sensitive to very slowly rotating stars (P_rot_>~70 day), implying that the observed emergence of very slow rotators in studies of low-mass stars may be a systematic effect. We also see a lack of low-amplitude (<2%) variability in objects with intermediate (10-40 day) rotation periods, which, considered in conjunction with other observational results, may be a signpost of a loss of magnetic complexity associated with a phase of rapid spin-down in intermediate-age M dwarfs. This work represents just a first step in exploring stellar variability in data from the PS1-MDS and, in the farther future, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.2016ApJ...833..281Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/833/281CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/denis : The DENIS database (DENIS Consortium, 2005)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/ApJ/823/59 : WISE and 2MASS photometry of M giant stars (Li+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation + Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)J/ApJ/818/153 : MEarth photometry: nearby M-dwarf magnitudes (Dittmann+, 2016)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJ/795/44 : PS1 SNe Ia (0.02<z<0.7) griz light curves (Rest+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)J/ApJ/743/48 : Stellar rotation periods & X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/115 : Rotation periods and membership in M34 (Meibom+, 2011)J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)J/A+AS/135/133 : First DENIS I-band extragalactic catalog (Vauglin+ 1999)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/833/281https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/833/281http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/833/281https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/833/281https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/833/281http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/833/281GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/833/281/mdwarfs (Candidate rotating M dwarfs with cross-matches and opt-NIR photometry (tables 3 and 7))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/833/281/mdwarfs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/833/281/mdwarfs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/833/281/mdwarfs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true34.5987083-4.82569440.0055555555555555565/1517 1519 1629 2538 2856 4422 4423 4697 4758 4759 8983 6/6047 6112 6114 6495 6513 6515 7178 10147 10150 10156 10157 10158 10743 10935 10955 10958 10959 10977 10978 10979 10980 10981 11430 11432 11433 11520 11521 11524 17682 17683 17713 17716 18763 18766 18785 18786 18787 18796 18797 19026 19027 19030 27239 27245 27247 27250 27256 27258 27259 27344 27345 35953 35956 35957 35959 36104 36106 361288.157980699529898e-21 6.090060298487514e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/833/281?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/833/281/mdwarfsCandidate rotating M dwarfs with cross-matches and opt-NIR photometry (tables 3 and 7)gSDSS[17.9/25.1]? g SDSS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablef_KULASFlags on KULAS (3)meta.codecharW2[12.6/17.1]? WISE W2 (4.6um) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePreferred namemeta.id;meta.maincharf_Name[x] x:Rotators with archival X-ray detections (from table 5; column added by CDS)meta.codecharzPS1[15.3/20.6] z PS1 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_zPS1[0.03/0.06] Uncertainty on zPS1magstat.errorfloat(g-r)PS1[0.9/1.4]? (g-r) PS1 color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_(g-r)PS1[0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty on (g-r)PS1magstat.errorfloatnullable(r-i)PS1[0.5/2.6]? (r-i) PS1 color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_(r-i)PS1[0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty on (r-i)PS1magstat.errorfloatnullable(i-z)PS1[0.2/1.4]? (i-z) PS1 color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.I;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_(i-z)PS1[0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty on (i-z)PS1magstat.errorfloatnullable(z-y)PS1[0.1/0.8]? (z-y) PS1 color index (1)magphot.colorfloatnullablee_(z-y)PS1[0.05/0.07]? Uncertainty on (z-y)PS1magstat.errorfloatnullableTeff[2724/3993] Estimated stellar effective temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[75/88] Uncertainty on TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintMass[0.08/0.8] Estimated stellar mass (2)solMassphys.massfloate_Mass[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty on MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatDist[90/2020] Estimated stellar distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricinte_Dist[17/388] Uncertainty on Distpcstat.errorintlogLb[-3.2/-1] Log estimated stellar bolometric luminosity (2)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLb[0.1/0.2] Uncertainty on logLblog(solLum)stat.errorfloatG?[0/2]? Flag for possible giant rather than dwarf (3)meta.codeintnullablePer[0.7/130] Periodogram-derived rotation perioddtime.perioddoublee_Per[0/5.8] Uncertainty on Perdstat.errordoubleAmp[0.01/0.2] Semi-amplitude of periodic flux variationssrc.var.amplitudefloatRs[1/17.4] Ratio of highest to second-highest periodogram peaks (4)stat.fit.omcfloatR80[9/73] Ratio of highest peak to 80th percentile periodogram power level (4)stat.fit.omcintSDSSSDSS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.idcharAllWISEAllWISE identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id.crosschar2MASS2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id.crosscharULASUKIDSS-LAS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id.crosscharDENISDENIS identifier (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id.crosscharl_gPS1Limit flag on gPS1meta.code.errorchargPS1[17.4/24]? g PS1 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gPS1[0.03/0.1]? Uncertainty on gPS1magstat.errorfloatnullablel_rPS1Limit flag on rPS1meta.code.errorcharrPS1[16.4/24.5]? r PS1 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rPS1[0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty on rPS1magstat.errorfloatnullablel_iPS1Limit flag on iPS1meta.code.errorchariPS1[15.8/22] i PS1 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_iPS1[0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty on iPS1magstat.errorfloatnullablel_zPS1Limit flag on zPS1meta.code.errorcharl_yPS1Limit flag on yPS1meta.code.errorcharyPS1[15/19.9] y PS1 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_yPS1[0.03/0.05]? Uncertainty on yPS1magstat.errorfloatnullableuSDSS[20.4/26.5]? u SDSS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_uSDSS[0.04/1.4]? Uncertainty on uSDSSmagstat.errorfloatnullablef_uSDSSFlags on uSDSS (1)meta.codechare_gSDSS[0.006/0.8]? Uncertainty on gSDSSmagstat.errorfloatnullablef_gSDSSFlags on gSDSS (1)meta.codecharrSDSS[16.6/24.2]? r SDSS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rSDSS[0.004/0.5]? Uncertainty on rSDSSmagstat.errorfloatnullablef_rSDSSFlags on rSDSS (1)meta.codechariSDSS[15.9/22.1]? i SDSS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_iSDSS[0.004/0.2]? Uncertainty on iSDSSmagstat.errorfloatnullablef_iSDSSFlags on iSDSS (1)meta.codecharzSDSS[15.2/20.7]? z SDSS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zSDSS[0.005/0.2]? Uncertainty on zSDSSmagstat.errorfloatnullablef_zSDSSFlags on zSDSS (1)meta.codecharW1[12.8/17.4]? WISE W1 (3.4um) band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty on W1magstat.errorfloatnullablesnrW1[6/48]? S/N of W1 detectionstat.snrfloatnullablee_W2[0.02/0.5]? Uncertainty on W2magstat.errorfloatnullablesnrW2[0.8/48]? S/N of W2 detectionstat.snrfloatnullableW3[11.6/13.7]? WISE W3 (12um) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3[0.1/0.6]? Uncertainty on W3magstat.errorfloatnullablesnrW3[-2.1/7]? S/N of W3 detectionstat.snrfloatnullableW4[8.1/10.2]? WISE W4 (22um) band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_W4[0.2/0.6]? Uncertainty on W4magstat.errorfloatnullablesnrW4[-3/4]? S/N of W4 detectionstat.snrfloatnullableJ2MASS[13.7/17]? J 2MASS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_J2MASS[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty on J2MASSmagstat.errorfloatnullableq_J2MASS[A-U] Quality flag on J2MASS (2)meta.code.qualcharH2MASS[13.2/16.5]? H 2MASS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_H2MASS[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty on H2MASSmagstat.errorfloatnullableq_H2MASS[A-U] Quality flag on H2MASS (2)meta.code.qualcharKs2MASS[12.9/17]? Ks 2MASS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ks2MASS[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty on Ks2MASSmagstat.errorfloatnullableq_Ks2MASS[A-U] Quality flag on Ks2MASS (2)meta.code.qualcharYULAS[14.3/19.4]? Y UKIDSS-LAS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_YULAS[0.003/0.2]? Uncertainty on YULASmagstat.errorfloatnullablef_YULASFlags on YULAS (3)meta.codecharJULAS[13.7/18.4]? J UKIDSS-LAS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JULAS[0.002/0.1]? Uncertainty on JULASmagstat.errorfloatnullablef_JULASFlags on JULAS (3)meta.codecharHULAS[13.2/17.6]? H UKIDSS-LAS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_HULAS[0.002/0.08]? Uncertainty on HULASmagstat.errorfloatnullablef_HULASFlags on HULAS (3)meta.codecharKULAS[12.9/17.4]? K UKIDSS-LAS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KULAS[0.003/0.1]? Uncertainty on KULASmagstat.errorfloatnullableIDENIS[15.2/18.5]? I DENIS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_IDENIS[0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty on IDENISmagstat.errorfloatnullableq_IDENIS[100]? Quality flag on IDENIS (4)meta.code.qualintnullableJDENIS[13.8/16.5]? J DENIS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JDENIS[0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty on JDENISmagstat.errorfloatnullableq_JDENIS[90/100]? Quality flag on JDENIS (4)meta.code.qualintnullableKDENIS[13/14]? Ks DENIS band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KDENIS[0.1/0.6]? Uncertainty on KDENISmagstat.errorfloatnullableq_KDENIS[100]? Quality flag on KDENIS (4)meta.code.qualintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from preferred names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from preferred names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main