J/ApJ/832/183ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/832/183doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18320183CDSKostov V.B.Moore K.Tamayo D.Jayawardhana R.Rinehart S.A.2017-10-13T15:41:57Z2017-04-04T14:32:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.freclipsing-binary-starsstellar-evolutionary-modelsInspired by the recent Kepler discoveries of circumbinary planets orbiting nine close binary stars, we explore the fate of the former as the latter evolve off the main sequence. We combine binary star evolution models with dynamical simulations to study the orbital evolution of these planets as their hosts undergo common-envelope (CE) stages, losing in the process a tremendous amount of mass on dynamical timescales. Five of the systems experience at least one Roche-lobe overflow and CE stage (Kepler-1647 experiences three), and the binary stars either shrink to very short orbits or coalesce; two systems trigger a double-degenerate supernova explosion. Kepler's circumbinary planets predominantly remain gravitationally bound at the end of the CE phase, migrate to larger orbits, and may gain significant eccentricity; their orbital expansion can be more than an order of magnitude and can occur over the course of a single planetary orbit. The orbits these planets can reach are qualitatively consistent with those of the currently known post-CE, eclipse-time variations circumbinary candidates. Our results also show that circumbinary planets can experience both modes of orbital expansion (adiabatic and nonadiabatic) if their host binaries undergo more than one CE stage; multiplanet circumbinary systems like Kepler-47 can experience both modes during the same CE stage. Additionally, unlike Mercury orbiting the Sun, a circumbinary planet with the same semimajor axis can survive the CE evolution of a close binary star with a total mass of 1M_{sun}_.2016ApJ...832..183Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/832/183CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/64 : Mass-metallicity relation for giant planets (Thorngren+, 2016)J/MNRAS/455/4136 : Kepler triples (Borkovits+, 2016)J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/A+A/574/A116 : G and K giant stars stellar parameters (Reffert+, 2015)J/ApJ/810/157 : V471 Tau system: RVs and BVRI LCs (Vaccaro+, 2015)J/ApJ/768/127 : Q1-11 Kepler light curve of KIC 4862625 (Schwamb+, 2013)J/ApJ/766/19 : XRB pop. synthesis models in 0<z<20 gal. (Tremmel+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/41 : X-ray binary evolution across cosmic time (Fragos+, 2013)J/MNRAS/428/1656 : Time of minima of HD 181068 (Borkovits+, 2013)J/other/Sci/337.1511 : Kepler-47 transits (Orosz+, 2012)J/other/Nat/481.475 : RVs of Kepler-34b & Kepler-35b (Welsh+, 2012)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/832/183https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/832/183http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/832/183https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/832/183https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/832/183http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/832/183GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/832/183/table5 (Kepler system default initial parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/832/183/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/832/183/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/832/183/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true289.075729251.75743330.0055555555555555566/14732 14735 14777 14782 14960 14974 15121 15158 15159https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/832/183?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/832/183/table5Kepler system default initial parametersf_Z[b] Flag on Z (1)meta.codecharn_ecbpNote on ecbp (2)meta.notecharM1[0.6/1.6] Primary masssolMassphys.massfloatecbp[0.01/0.2] Eccentricity of the circumbinary planet, e_CBP_src.orbital.eccentricityfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNbseNumber of BSE results for this Kepler systemmeta.numberintnullableNameKepler system namemeta.id;pos.frame;meta.maincharprimaryf_Name[ac] Flag on Name (1)meta.codecharKIC[4862625/12644769] Kepler ID numbermeta.idintM2[0.2/1.1] Secondary masssolMassphys.massfloatPbin[7.4/41.1] Binary perioddtime.periodfloate[0.02/0.6] Binary eccentricity e_bin_src.orbital.eccentricityfloatZ[0.009/0.4] Metallicity Zlog(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatPcbp[49.5/1107.6] Circumbinary planet period, P_CBP_dtime.periodfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/832/183/table4Binary Stellar Evolution (BSE) results for the entire set of simulations for all Kepler systemsTCPTides model applied (1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameKepler system namemeta.id;pos.framecharMA[0.6/1.6] Primary star, initial masssolMassphys.massfloatMB[0.2/1.1] Secondary star, initial masssolMassphys.massfloatZ[0.009/0.03] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloatalpha[0.5/10] Common Envelope (CE) efficiency parameterstat.paramfloatdeKoolde Kool CE Model: ON/OFF (always "DE KOOL OFF") (2)meta.notecharTime[0/25000] Evolutionary timeMyrtime.agedoubleM1[0/2.5] Current mass, Primary starsolMassphys.massfloatM2[0/1.1] Current mass, Secondary starsolMassphys.massfloatK1[1/15] Current Stellar Type, Primary star (3)meta.code.classintK2[0/15]? Current Stellar Type, Secondary star (3)meta.code.classintnullablea[0/49.3] Binary orbit, a_bin_solRadphys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalfloate[0/0.6]? System eccentricity e_bin_src.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullableR1[0/8.8]? Fraction of Roche lobe filled, Primaryphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullableR2[0/2]? Fraction of Roche lobe filled, Secondaryphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullableEvolEvolutionary Stage (4)src.classchar