J/ApJ/831/134ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/831/134doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18310134CDSvan den Bosch R.C.E.2017-09-19T14:24:17Z2017-03-07T14:45:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiescatalogsquasarsactive-galactic-nucleigalaxy-kinematicsastronomical-reference-materialsAccording to the virial theorem, all gravitational systems in equilibrium sit on a plane in the three-dimensional parameter space defined by their mass, size, and second moment of the velocity tensor. While these quantities cannot be directly observed, there are suitable proxies: the luminosity L_k_, half-light radius R_e_, and dispersion {sigma}_e_. These proxies indeed lie on a very tight fundamental plane (FP). How do the black holes (BHs) in the centers of galaxies relate to the FP? Their masses are known to exhibit no strong correlation with total galaxy mass, but they do correlate weakly with bulge mass (when present), and extremely well with the velocity dispersion through the M_{bullet}_{propto}{sigma}_e_^5.4^ relation. These facts together imply that a tight plane must also exist defined by BH mass, total galaxy mass, and size. Here, I show that this is indeed the case using a heterogeneous set of 230 BHs. The sample includes BHs from zero to 10 billion solar masses and host galaxies ranging from low surface brightness dwarfs, through bulgeless disks, to brightest cluster galaxies. The resulting BH-size-luminosity relation M_{bullet}_{propto}(L_k_/R_e_)^3.8^ has the same amount of scatter as the M_*_-{sigma} relation and is aligned with the galaxy FP, such that it is just a reprojection of {sigma}_e_. The inferred BH-size-mass relation is M_{bullet}_{propto}(M_*_/R_e_)^2.9^. These relationships are universal and extend to galaxies without bulges. This implies that the BH is primarily correlated with its global velocity dispersion and not with the properties of the bulge. I show that the classical bulge-mass relation is a projection of the M_*_-{sigma} relation. When the velocity dispersion cannot be measured (at high z or low dispersions), the BH-size-mass relation should be used as a proxy for BH mass in favor of just galaxy or bulge mass.2016ApJ...831..134Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/831/134CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/826/L32 : Black hole masses in megamaser disk galaxies (Greene+, 2016)J/ApJ/817/128 : Megamaser Cosmology Project. VIII. NGC5765B (Gao+, 2016)J/ApJ/817/2 : High angular resolution spectrosc. of NGC 1277 (Walsh+, 2016)J/MNRAS/454/3864 : Orientation + QSO BH mass estimation (Brotherton+ 2015)J/MNRAS/454/3722 : AGN in nearby low-mass galaxies (Sartori+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/82 : z<0.06 broad-line AGN emission-line measures (Reines+, 2015)J/ApJ/808/183 : NGC1271 stellar kinematics (Walsh+, 2015)J/ApJS/218/10 : HET Massive Galaxy Survey (HETMGS) (van den Bosch+, 2015)J/ApJ/799/148 : DEIMOS galaxy sample at z~0.7 (Bezanson+, 2015)J/ApJ/797/55 : WISE photometry of dust-free stellar systems (Norris+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/1151 : AIMSS Project. I. Compact Stellar Systems (Norris+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A58 : Radial velocities in M3, M13, and M92 (Kamann+, 2014)J/AJ/147/93 : Simulation of massive early type galaxies (Do+, 2014)J/ApJ/782/45 : SEAMBHs. I. Mrk 142, Mrk 335, and IRAS F12397+3333 (Du+, 2014)J/ApJ/775/116 : z<0.06 active black hole galaxies from SDSS-DR8 (Reines+, 2013J/ApJ/769/107 : RVs and [Fe/H] of star members of NGC 6388 (Lanzoni+, 2013)J/AJ/146/45 : Spectroscopy of 6 early-type galaxies (Rusli+, 2013)J/A+A/552/A49 : ARGUS images of 6 Galactic GCs (Lutzgendorf+, 2013)J/MNRAS/426/416 : Mrk6 H{alpha}, H{beta}, H{gamma} spectra (Doroshenko+, 2012)J/ApJ/755/60 : Reverberation mapping for 5 Seyfert 1 galaxies (Grier+, 2012)J/ApJS/201/29 : Velocity dispersions in active galaxies (Harris+, 2012)J/A+A/533/A36 : VI photometry & velocity map of NGC 6388 (Luetzgendorf+, 2011)J/A+A/531/A4 : Ultra compact dwarfs and globulars in Hya I (Misgeld+, 2011)J/MNRAS/413/813 : ATLAS3D project. I. (Cappellari+, 2011)J/ApJ/732/121 : V-band and H{beta} monitoring of Z299-15 (Barth+, 2011)J/ApJ/727/20 : The Megamaser Cosmology Project (MCP). III. (Kuo+, 2011)J/ApJ/702/1353 : H{beta} and V-band light curves of NGC 4051 (Denney+, 2009)J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/856 : Supermassive black holes masses upper limits (Beifiori+, 2009)J/ApJ/690/20 : Models of the AGN and black hole populations (Shankar+, 2009)J/ApJ/670/105 : Velocity profile of NGC 4151 (Onken+, 2007)J/ApJ/670/92 : New sample of low-mass black holes in AGN (Greene+, 2007)J/ApJS/166/249 : Stellar dynamics & proper motions in 47Tuc (McLaughlin+, 2006)J/ApJ/641/L21 : BH mass and velocity dispersion relation (Greene+, 2006)J/ApJ/632/799 : NGC4395 light curves (Peterson+, 2005)J/ApJ/613/682 : AGN central masses & broad-line region sizes (Peterson+, 2004)J/A+A/420/147 : Velocity in 6 spiral galaxies (Blais-Ouellette+, 2004)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/134https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/134http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/831/134https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/134https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/134http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/831/134GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/831/134/table2 (Sample of the black hole mass measurements and the growth curve photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true68.29623175.35433890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/831/134/table3 (Sample of the black hole mass measurements that have incomplete data and are hence excluded from the fits)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true284.504629248.83983330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/831/134/table4 (BH mass measurements in Globular Clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/831/134/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.19387539.57791670.0055555555555555565/6941 6/379 1049 1701 2155 2214 2227 2282 2374 2414 2622 2704 2709 3446 3506 4188 4439 4511 5075 5182 5196 5429 5572 5599 5629 5631 5634 5639 5731 5975 5989 6028 6034 6087 6093 6103 6951 6977 7037 7132 7246 7355 7374 7424 7597 7606 7642 7921 7941 7997 8071 8195 8196 8230 8256 8264 8528 8763 8922 9287 9368 9436 9666 9672 10039 10336 10364 10379 10440 10454 10560 10691 10817 10841 10856 10878 10888 10912 10924 10927 10977 10991 11027 11191 11234 11246 11388 11434 11460 11490 11639 11668 11886 11898 12025 12241 12380 12405 13128 13336 13401 13522 13564 14744 14960 15147 15955 16301 16441 17525 17662 17727 17754 17850 17904 18011 18016 18123 18241 18246 18269 18325 18897 18929 18935 19283 19567 19746 19883 19932 20282 20720 20725 20809 21017 21450 22654 22746 22890 23075 23171 23306 23323 24120 24733 24920 25054 25083 25100 25585 25647 25669 25768 25890 25965 26055 26113 26125 26148 26292 26300 26303 26313 26365 26393 26472 26509 26803 27186 27342 27458 27486 27512 27514 27515 27604 27714 27718 27719 27728 27735 27743 27773 27860 27907 27913 27914 27936 27938 27942 27944 27945 28015 28035 28038 28039 28045 28060 28167 28200 28221 28237 28249 28251 28443 28495 28516 28517 28524 28535 28538 29795 31158 31998 33321 34242 34334 34493 34533 34534 34535 34540 34881 35536 35691 35746 35993 36107 36231 36247 36261 36785 36861 38268 38356 38390 38703 38842 38868 40124 40221 40294 40890 41586 42016 42076 42314 42841 42990 43227 43233 43262 43289 43339 43503 43619 43677 43748 43828 43891 44086 44220 44553 44660 46399 46491 46525 46568 47397 49042https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/831/134?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/831/134/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.noteintBibCodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharAuthFirst author's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharCommCommentmeta.notecharJ/ApJ/831/134/table2Sample of the black hole mass measurements and the growth curve photometrySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_Name? Omission Flag (1)meta.codeintnullableDist[0.008/1251] DistanceMpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_Dist[0/27.5]? Uncertainty in DistMpcstat.errorfloatnullablelogBHMass[0/10.4] Black Hole Mass, log solar unitslog(solMass)phys.massfloatE_logBHMass[0.02/7] Upper uncertainty on BHMasslog(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logBHMass[0/9.3] Lower uncertainty on BHMasslog(solMass)stat.errorfloatlogsigma[1.1/2.6]? Stellar velocity dispersion inside Re, log km/slog(km.s**-1)phys.veloc.dispersionfloatnullablee_logsigma[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty on {sigma}log(km.s**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLk[8.2/12.3]? Total luminosity, log solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logLk[0.03/0.4]? Uncertainty in logLklog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullablelogRe[-1.7/1.5]? Half-light radius (=R50), log kpclog(kpc)phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_logRe[0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty in Relog(kpc)stat.errorfloatnullablecov[0.02/0.2]? Covariance between Lk and Restat.covariancefloatnullableC28[2.5/11]? Concentration, 5log(R20/R80)meta.notefloatnullablee_C28[0.1/4]? Uncertainty in C28stat.errorfloatnullablelogAGN[6.5/12]? Non-stellar AGN flux, log solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logAGN[0/4.2]? Uncertainty in logL-AGNlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullableMethMethod used for BH mass measurement (2)meta.notecharRefsLiterature Reference(s) (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJ/831/134/table3Sample of the black hole mass measurements that have incomplete data and are hence excluded from the fitsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_Name? Omission Flag (1)meta.codeintnullableDist[0.008/1251] DistanceMpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_Dist[0/27.5]? Uncertainty in DistMpcstat.errorfloatnullablelogBHMass[0/10.4] Black Hole Mass, log solar unitslog(solMass)phys.massfloatE_logBHMass[0.02/7] Upper uncertainty on BHMasslog(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logBHMass[0/9.3] Lower uncertainty on BHMasslog(solMass)stat.errorfloatlogsigma[1.1/2.6]? Stellar velocity dispersion inside Re, log km/slog(km.s**-1)phys.veloc.dispersionfloatnullablee_logsigma[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty on {sigma}log(km.s**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLk[8.2/12.3]? Total luminosity, log solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logLk[0.03/0.4]? Uncertainty in logLklog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullablelogRe[-1.7/1.5]? Half-light radius (=R50), log kpclog(kpc)phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_logRe[0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty in Relog(kpc)stat.errorfloatnullablecov[0.02/0.2]? Covariance between Lk and Restat.covariancefloatnullableC28[2.5/11]? Concentration, 5log(R20/R80)meta.notefloatnullablee_C28[0.1/4]? Uncertainty in C28stat.errorfloatnullablelogAGN[6.5/12]? Non-stellar AGN flux, log solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logAGN[0/4.2]? Uncertainty in logL-AGNlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullableMethMethod used for BH mass measurement (2)meta.notecharRefsLiterature Reference(s) (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJ/831/134/table4BH mass measurements in Globular Clusterse_logRe? Uncertainty in Relog(kpc)stat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharf_NamePhotometry Flag (1)meta.codecharDistDistanceMpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatlogBHMassBlack Hole Mass, log solar unitslog(solMass)phys.massfloatE_logBHMassUpper uncertainty on BHMasslog(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logBHMassLower uncertainty on BHMasslog(solMass)stat.errorfloatlogsigmaStellar velocity dispersion inside Re, log km/slog(km.s**-1)phys.veloc.dispersionfloate_logsigma? Uncertainty on {sigma}log(km.s**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLk? Total luminosity, log solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logLk? Uncertainty in logLklog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullablelogRe? Half-light radius (=R50), log kpclog(kpc)phys.size.radiusfloatnullablecov? Covariance between Lk and Restat.covariancefloatnullableC28? Concentration, 5log(R20/R80)meta.notefloatnullablee_C28? Uncertainty in C28stat.errorfloatnullableMeth[GC] Method used for BH mass measurement (GC=globular cluster)meta.notecharRefsLiterature References (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main