J/ApJ/826/44ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/826/44doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18260044CDSSloan G.C.Kraemer K.E.McDonald I.Groenewegen M.A.T.Wood P.R.,Zijlstra A.A.Lagadec E.Boyer M.L.Kemper F.Matsuura M.Sahai R.,Sargent B.A.Srinivasan S.van Loon J.T.Volk K.2018-11-13T14:03:16Z2016-10-21T14:13:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frcarbon-starsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyWide-band photometrysurveysmagellanic-cloudsThe Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope observed 184 carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds. This sample reveals that the dust-production rate (DPR) from carbon stars generally increases with the pulsation period of the star. The composition of the dust grains follows two condensation sequences, with more SiC condensing before amorphous carbon in metal-rich stars, and the order reversed in metal-poor stars. MgS dust condenses in optically thicker dust shells, and its condensation is delayed in more metal-poor stars. Metal-poor carbon stars also tend to have stronger absorption from C_2_H_2_ at 7.5{mu}m. The relation between DPR and pulsation period shows significant apparent scatter, which results from the initial mass of the star, with more massive stars occupying a sequence parallel to lower-mass stars, but shifted to longer periods. Accounting for differences in the mass distribution between the carbon stars observed in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds reveals a hint of a subtle decrease in the DPR at lower metallicities, but it is not statistically significant. The most deeply embedded carbon stars have lower variability amplitudes and show SiC in absorption. In some cases they have bluer colors at shorter wavelengths, suggesting that the central star is becoming visible. These deeply embedded stars may be evolving off of the asymptotic giant branch and/or they may have non-spherical dust geometries.2016ApJ...826...44Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/826/44CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/denis : The DENIS database (DENIS Consortium, 2005)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/305 : SAGE LMC and SMC IRAC Source Catalog (IPAC 2009)II/288 : IRSF Magellanic Clouds Point Source Catalog (Kato+ 2007)II/281 : 2MASS 6X Point Source Working Database / Catalog (Cutri+ 2006)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)II/228 : DENIS Catalogue toward Magellanic Clouds (DCMC) (Cioni+ 2000)J/ApJ/811/145 : LMC + SMC evolved stars detected with Herschel (Jones+, 2015)J/MNRAS/451/3504 : Classification of IRS sources in the SMC (Ruffle+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/639 : VMC survey. XIV. SFR in SMC (Rubele+, 2015)J/AJ/149/11 : Spectra of candidate standard stars in mid-IR (Sloan+, 2015)J/A+A/564/A88 : L2 Pup JHKL images (Kervella+, 2014)J/AcA/63/1 : OGLE-IV Magellanic Bridge Data supernovae (Kozlowski+, 2013)J/ApJ/753/71 : Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI. (Riebel+, 2012)J/A+A/537/A105 : Modelisation of AGB stars in the LMC (Gullieuszik+, 2012)J/AcA/61/217 : VI LCs of SMC long-period variables (Soszynski+, 2011)J/PASP/122/683 : SAGE-Spec Spitzer legacy program (Kemper+, 2010)J/AcA/59/335 : VI light curves of LMC R CBr stars (Soszynski+, 2009)J/A+A/506/1277 : Modelisation of Magellanic Cloud C/O starsJ/AJ/136/1703 : Ridgelines of 6 intermediate-age SMC clusters (Glatt+, 2008)J/MNRAS/376/313 : Carbon star in Magellanic Cloud (Groenewegen+, 2007)J/ApJ/655/212 : S3MC IRAC and MIPS photometry (Bolatto+, 2007)J/AJ/132/2268 : SAGE calibration stars (Meixner+, 2006)J/MNRAS/369/751 : Near-infrared photometry of carbon stars (Whitelock+, 2006)J/A+A/438/521 : SMC C stars B and R light curves (Raimondo+, 2005)J/A+A/425/595 : OGLE+2MASS+DENIS LPV in Magellanic Clouds (Groenewegen, 2004)J/MNRAS/355/1196 : MS bands of SiC_2_ in LMC carbon stars (Morgan+, 2004)J/MNRAS/353/705 : OGLE Variables in Magellanic Clouds (Ita+, 2004)J/AJ/128/1606 : Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey: LMC (Zaritsky+, 2004)J/AJ/123/855 : Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey: SMC (Zaritsky+, 2002)J/A+A/369/932 : RI photometry of LMC carbon stars (Kontizas+, 2001)J/A+AS/122/507 : Kinematics of SMC carbon stars (Hatzidimitriou+ 1997)J/A+AS/122/463 : Carbon stars in Magellanic Clouds (Kunkel+ 1997)J/A+AS/113/539 : A survey of carbon stars in the SMC (Morgan+, 1995)J/A+AS/97/603 : C stars in SMC (Rebeirot+ 1993)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/826/44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/826/44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/826/44https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/826/44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/826/44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/826/44GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/826/44/table6 (Spectroscopic data - ISO/SWS control sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.316069760.35528420.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/826/44/cstars (Optical and IR photometry and bolometric magnitudes and spectroscopic IRS data of the Magellanic carbon stars (tables 1, 3, 4 and 5))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/cstars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/cstars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/cstars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.905255-73.165603890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/826/44/table10 (*Multi-epoch 3-5 micron photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/table10?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/table10?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/826/44/table10?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.905055-73.165641110.0055555555555555565/8263 8269 8272 8274 8280 8281 8329 6/1727 2740 2920 3050 3255 3459 9783 10103 10960 11928 13677 13861 14447 14894 15401 15421 15444 16157 16233 19490 19629 21338 21425 22941 23640 24361 26289 26319 29886 30212 30265 30521 30593 30603 32189 32331 33043 33046 33051 33062 33072 33075 33080 33081 33082 33084 33087 33092 33093 33094 33100 33101 33102 33104 33105 33107 33110 33112 33113 33114 33116 33117 33132 33133 33138 33293 33294 33295 33304 33306 35641 36369 37506 37544 41760 41849 42347 467296.772611666688002e-21 6.118840631666147e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/826/44?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/826/44/table6Spectroscopic data - ISO/SWS control samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharEW[-0.08/0.4] Equivalent width of C_2_H_2_ at 7.5umumspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.4-8umfloate_EW[0.001/0.05] Uncertainty in EWumstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatFSiC[-0.2/0.6] SiC flux relative to the continuumphot.flux;arith.ratiofloate_FSiC[0.001/0.04] Uncertainty in FSiCstat.errorfloatColor1[-0.16/3.1] The ([6.4]-[9.3]) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloate_Color1[0/0.09] Uncertainty in Color1magstat.errorfloatColor2[-0.5/1.5]? The ([16.5]-[21.5]) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Color2[0.001/0.3]? Uncertainty in Color2magstat.errorfloatnullableFMgS[-0.14/1.4]? MgS flux relative to the continuumphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_FMgS[0.001/0.2]? Uncertainty in FMgSstat.errorfloatnullableClassIR spectral classification (4)spect.index;em.IRcharAliasTarget alias (only for table 6)meta.idchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 2"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/826/44/table9*Multi-epoch K-band photometry for 9 carbon starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharJDJulian Date of observation; JD-2450000dtime.epochintKmag[11/15] K band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatJ/ApJ/826/44/cstarsOptical and IR photometry and bolometric magnitudes and spectroscopic IRS data of the Magellanic carbon stars (tables 1, 3, 4 and 5)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryAliasTarget aliasmeta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRefPosition reference (2MASS or IRAC)meta.ref;poscharNkNumber of multi-epoch K-band measurements for this starmeta.numberintnullableLCInteractive plot of the light curvemeta.ref.urlcharPer[133/976]? Perioddtime.periodintnullabler_PerReference for Per (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharPIDProgram identifier (2)meta.id;obsintUmag[15.7/21.7]? U band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_Umag[0.04/0.6]? Uncertainty in Umagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.UfloatnullableBmag[16.1/23.1]? B band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmag[0.02/1]? Uncertainty in Bmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableVmag[15.1/22.4]? V band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag[0.02/1.3]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableImag[12.5/20.6]? I band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Imag[0.007/2.4]? Uncertainty in Imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableJmag[11.4/19.5]? Johnson J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/3]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag[10.2/18.1]? Johnson H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.001/2]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKmag[9.1/17.5]? Johnson K band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0.01/1.2]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullable3.6mag[7.6/16.6] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_3.6mag[0.02/0.9] Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloat4.5mag[6.9/14] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_4.5mag[0.03/0.8] Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloat5.8mag[5.7/11]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8 micron band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_5.8mag[0.005/0.8]? Uncertainty in 5.8magmagstat.errorfloatnullable8.0mag[4.8/10.7]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_8.0mag[0.003/0.6]? Uncertainty in 8.0magmagstat.errorfloatnullable24mag[2.7/10]? Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_24mag[0.001/0.5]? Uncertainty in 24magmagstat.errorfloatnullableNirNumber of multi-epoch 3-5um measurements for this starmeta.numberintnullableMbol[-6.5/-3] Bolometric magnitudemagphys.magAbs.bolfloatEW[-0.08/0.4] Equivalent width of C_2_H_2_ at 7.5umumspect.line.eqWidth;em.IR.4-8umfloate_EW[0.001/0.05] Uncertainty in EWumstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatFSiC[-0.2/0.6] SiC flux relative to the continuumphot.flux;arith.ratiofloate_FSiC[0.001/0.04] Uncertainty in FSiCstat.errorfloatColor1[-0.16/3.1] The ([6.4]-[9.3]) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloate_Color1[0/0.09] Uncertainty in Color1magstat.errorfloatf_Color1[a] Flag on Color1 (3)meta.codecharColor2[-0.5/1.5]? The ([16.5]-[21.5]) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Color2[0.001/0.3]? Uncertainty in Color2magstat.errorfloatnullableFMgS[-0.14/1.4]? MgS flux relative to the continuumphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_FMgS[0.001/0.2]? Uncertainty in FMgSstat.errorfloatnullableClassIR spectral classification (4)spect.index;em.IRcharMCatDisplay data from Groenewegen+, 2007, J/MNRAS/376/313 and 2009, J/A+A/506/1277 and Raimondo+, 2005, J/A+A/438/521, within 2"meta.ref.urlintnullableSAGEDisplay SAGE data from 2009, II/305 within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableWISEDisplay the WISE data from Cutri+, 2012, II/311, within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableNIRCatDisplay the DENIS MC data from Cioni+, 2000, II/228 and IRSF MC data from Kato+, 2007, II/288, within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 0.5"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/826/44/table10*Multi-epoch 3-5 micron photometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainMJDModified Julian Datedtime.epochint3.6mag[7.2/16.6]? The 3.6 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag[6.5/14.3]? The 4.5 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0.009/0.2]? Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatnullableRefData source (IRAC or WISE) (1)meta.bibchar