J/ApJ/818/153ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/818/153doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18180153CDSDittmann J.A.Irwin J.M.Charbonneau D.Newton E.R.2017-06-12T08:24:56Z2016-05-30T12:07:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsphotometrymetallicityinfrared-sourcessurveysThe MEarth Project is a photometric survey systematically searching the smallest stars near the Sun for transiting rocky planets. Since 2008, MEarth has taken approximately two million images of 1844 stars suspected to be mid-to-late M dwarfs. We have augmented this survey by taking nightly exposures of photometric standard stars and have utilized this data to photometrically calibrate the MEarth system, identify photometric nights, and obtain an optical magnitude with 1.5% precision for each M dwarf system. Each optical magnitude is an average over many years of data, and therefore should be largely immune to stellar variability and flaring. We combine this with trigonometric distance measurements, spectroscopic metallicity measurements, and 2MASS infrared magnitude measurements in order to derive a color-magnitude-metallicity relation across the mid-to-late M dwarf spectral sequence that can reproduce spectroscopic metallicity determinations to a precision of 0.1 dex. We release optical magnitudes and metallicity estimates for 1567 M dwarfs, many of which did not have an accurate determination of either prior to this work. For an additional 277 stars without a trigonometric parallax, we provide an estimate of the distance, assuming solar neighborhood metallicity. We find that the median metallicity for a volume-limited sample of stars within 20pc of the Sun is [Fe/H]=-0.03+/-0.008, and that 29/565 of these stars have a metallicity of [Fe/H]=-0.5 or lower, similar to the low-metallicity distribution of nearby G dwarfs. When combined with the results of ongoing and future planet surveys targeting these objects, the metallicity estimates presented here will be important for assessing the significance of any putative planet-metallicity correlation.2016ApJ...818..153Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/818/153CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/A+A/577/A128 : CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs. I (Alonso-Floriano+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/3 : MEarth mid-to-late M dwarfs rotation+kinematics (West+, 2015)J/ApJ/800/85 : Teff, radii and luminosities of cool dwarfs (Newton+, 2015)J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)J/MNRAS/443/2561 : CONCH-SHELL catalog of nearby M dwarfs (Gaidos+, 2014)J/AJ/147/85 : Solar neighborhood. XXXIII. 45 M dwarfs (Riedel+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/AJ/146/156 : APOGEE M-dwarf survey. I. 1st yr velocities (Deshpande+, 2013)J/ApJ/771/107 : Spectroscopy of faint KOI stars (Everett+, 2013)J/AJ/145/102 : Bright M dwarf spectro. in the northern sky (Lepine+, 2013)J/AJ/145/52 : Abundances of late K&M dwarfs in binary systems (Mann+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)J/ApJ/753/90 : Stellar param. of K5 and later type Kepler stars (Mann+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/AJ/141/97 : SDSS DR7 M dwarfs (West+, 2011)J/ApJ/704/975 : Rotational velocities for M dwarfs (Jenkins+, 2009)J/ApJ/699/649 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. I. (Shkolnik+, 2009)J/AJ/136/1290 : Ultracool dwarfs from the 2MASS (Reid+, 2008)J/AJ/136/452 : Astrometric studies of GAT stars (Gatewood, 2008)J/AJ/133/2825 : Star beyond the NLTT catalog (Reid+, 2007)J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)J/AJ/132/866 : New M dwarfs in solar neighborhood (Riaz+, 2006)J/AJ/130/1871 : Spectroscopic survey of M dwarfs (Bochanski+, 2005)J/AJ/130/1680 : LSPM-North proper-motion catalog nearby stars (Lepine+, 2005)J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)J/ApJ/476/311 : 2MASS M-dwarf discoveries (Kirkpatrick+ 1997)J/AJ/113/806 : M-Subdwarfs (Gizis 1997)http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/MEarth/Welcome.html : MEarth project home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/818/153https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/818/153http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/818/153https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/818/153https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/818/153http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/818/153GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/818/153/table3 (MEarth magnitudes of Landolt standards)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/818/153/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/818/153/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/818/153/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true13.91405830.60548610.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/818/153/table4 (Observed properties of the MEarth targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/818/153/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/818/153/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/818/153/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.31579176.99319440.0055555555555555566/5 22 65 83 90 92 105 112 125 134 187 196 197 213 219 239 247 250 251 260 265 291 305 309 324 345 367 398 399 407 410 411 427 458 462 467 470 476 487 507 512 514 521 527 535 546 547 551 572 574 586 595 596 608 614 636 648 654 671 691 725 728 731 733 782 784 793 796 803 804 807 823 824 836 847 848 856 861 865 918 930 939 963 964 978 996 1020 1025 1060 1069 1122 1134 1135 1143 1149 1189 1191 1195 1198 1203 1240 1256 1263 1266 1274 1276 1352 1357 1368 1395 1401 1407 1410 1415 1423 1442 1449 1453 1456 1469 1471 1523 1552 1567 1594 1609 1619 1628 1635 1636 1703 1708 1710 1712 1739 1757 1782 1819 1827 1830 1840 1849 1872 1889 1890 1911 1928 1953 1987 1988 1994 1997 1998 2027 2058 2071 2109 2139 2146 2152 2156 2159 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19830 19855 19867 19879 19886 19895 19901 19931 19957 19966 20007 20035 20053 20074 20081 20087 20090 20099 20133 20139 20154 20163 20171 20190 20238 20240 20257 20268 20282 20283 20291 20299 20314 20327 20345 20362 20379 20386 20389 20395 20400 20413 20459 20472 20474 21873 21884 21954 21968 21983 21986 21987 21988 22007 22014 22110 22120 22121 22221 22222 22236 22253 22256 22284 22302 22325 22328 22336 22343 22350 22355 22367 22403 22413 22420 22449 22501 22518 22524 22954 22992 23145 23211 23212 23226 23228 23254 23261 23265 23279 23287 23288 23292 23293 23310 23317 23321 23328 23331 23356 23373 23375 23391 23401 23425 23443 23450 23453 23465 23482 23496 23497 23503 23512 23516 23518 23519 23522 23527 23532 23554 23564 23575 23595 23607 23636 23641 23687 23696 23702 23704 23718 23724 23735 23753 23801 23818 23821 23858 23859 23865 23881 23927 23929 23939 23943 23986 23997 24014 24016 24056 24105 24159 24193 24212 24215 24223 24232 24236 24249 24261 24269 24288 24291 24292 24313 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30505 30507 30522 30532 30533 30555 30591 30613 30618 30625 30676 31130 31147 31148 31187 31216 31226 31323 31327 31352 31380 31427 31440 31450 31510 31518 31529 31557 31566 31570 31592 31594 31616 31617 31621 31622 31642 31651 31694 31740 31748 31764 31767 31781 31782 31803 31811 31898 31911 31935 31941 31943 31960 31974 31991 32015 32028 32033 32034 32038 32055 32056 32060 32063 32076 32083 32093 32104 32110 32127 32140 32146 32157 32158 32166 32167 32173 32175 32221 32224 32229 32244 32259 32262 32263 32265 32274 32278 32296 32329 32331 32336 32341 32358 32364 32380 32444 32452 32468 32497 32520 32540 32541 32544 32553 32565 32584 32588 32595 32596 32602 32623 32627 32643 32658 32679 32686 32699 32707 32708 32712 32749 32753 327618.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/818/153?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/818/153/table2Nightly photometric coefficientsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateObserving datetime.epochnullablek2[-1.93/13.3] Color coefficient, k2 (1)stat.fit.paramfloatk1[-225.5/489.6] Airmass coefficient, k1 (1)stat.fit.paramdoubleZP[-80.5/322.6] Zero point, z_i_ (1)magphot.mag;arith.zpfloatTelMEarth telescope number (tel01-tel08)meta.number;instr.telcharJ/ApJ/818/153/table3MEarth magnitudes of Landolt standardsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of Landolt standardmeta.id;meta.maincharmag[9.2/13.3] MEarth magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloate_mag[0.02/0.07] MEarth magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/818/153/table5Color-magnitude sequence at [Fe/H]=-0.1 and [Fe/H]=0.0recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintColor[2.1/3.4] MEarth-2MASS K color indexphot.color;em.opt;em.IRfloatK1Mag[6.4/10] Absolute 2MASS K magnitude for -0.1 metallicitymagphys.magAbsfloatK0Mag[5.9/10] Absolute 2MASS K magnitude for 0.0 metallicitymagphys.magAbsfloatJ/ApJ/818/153/table4Observed properties of the MEarth targetsSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_F3Source for flag 3meta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS ID (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)meta.id.crosscharLSPMLSPM-North ID (JHHMM+DDMMW)meta.id;meta.maincharmag[6.6/15.2] MEarth magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloate_mag[0.005/0.2] MEarth magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatJmag[5.2/12.9] 2MASS J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag? 2MASS J errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JcharHmag[4.8/12.3] 2MASS H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag? 2MASS H errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HcharKmag[4.5/11.9] 2MASS Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Kmag? 2MASS Ks errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KcharPlx[0.007/0.6]? Trigonometric parallaxarcsecpos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_Plx[0/0.02]? Trigonometric parallax errorarcsecstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublenullabler_PlxReference for trigonometric parallaxmeta.ref;pos.framecharr_SpTReference for spectral typemeta.ref;pos.framecharFeHsp[-0.9/0.9]? Spectroscopic metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloatnullablee_FeHsp[0.1/0.3]? Spectroscopic metallicity errorlog(Sun)stat.errorfloatnullableFeHph[-1.1/0.7]? Metallicity from our photometric relationlog(Sun)phys.abund.FefloatnullableDM[-0.7/4.8]? Distance modulus (assuming metallicity =-0.1 from this work)phot.mag.distModfloatnullableF1[0/1]? Flag 1 for possible contaminating light (1=True) (1)meta.codeintnullableF2[0/1]? Flag 2 for possible contaminating light (1=True) (2)meta.codeintnullableF3[0/1]? Flag 3 for possible contaminating light (1=True) (3)meta.codeintnullableFirstJDJulian date of 1st photometric data pointtime.epochdoubleLastJDJulian date of last photometric data pointtime.epochdoubleNdata[14/7752] Total number of data points on photometric nightsmeta.numberintFlag[0/1] Flag whether source appears to be over luminous (1=True) (4)meta.code.errorintW15Display data from West+, 2015, J/ApJ/812/3, if anymeta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/818/153/table1Quantum Efficiency (QE) of the MEarth CCD, and filter throughputrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[650/1000] Wavelength of filter (nanometer)nmem.wl;instr.filterintQE[0.15/0.91] Quantum Efficiency of the MEarth CCDinstr.det.qefloatTrans[0/1] Transmission of the filterphys.transmission;instr.filterfloatProd[0/0.8] Productphys.transmission;instr.filterfloat