J/ApJ/816/80ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/816/80doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18160080CDSJanesh W.Morrison H.L.Ma Z.Rockosi C.Starkenburg E.Xue X.X.,Rix H.-W.Harding P.Beers T.C.Johnson J.Lee Y.S.Schneider D.P.2018-02-01T11:50:43Z2016-04-08T13:26:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starsk-starsmetallicityvisible-astronomysloan-photometrystellar-distanceWe statistically quantify the amount of substructure in the Milky Way stellar halo using a sample of 4568 halo K giant stars at Galactocentric distances ranging over 5-125kpc. These stars have been selected photometrically and confirmed spectroscopically as K giants from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey's Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) project. Using a position-velocity clustering estimator (the 4distance) and a model of a smooth stellar halo, we quantify the amount of substructure in the halo, divided by distance and metallicity. Overall, we find that the halo as a whole is highly structured. We also confirm earlier work using blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars which showed that there is an increasing amount of substructure with increasing Galactocentric radius, and additionally find that the amount of substructure in the halo increases with increasing metallicity. Comparing to resampled BHB stars, we find that K giants and BHBs have similar amounts of substructure over equivalent ranges of Galactocentric radius. Using a friends-of-friends algorithm to identify members of individual groups, we find that a large fraction (~33%) of grouped stars are associated with Sgr, and identify stars belonging to other halo star streams: the Orphan Stream, the Cetus Polar Stream, and others, including previously unknown substructures. A large fraction of sample K giants (more than 50%) are not grouped into any substructure. We find also that the Sgr stream strongly dominates groups in the outer halo for all except the most metal-poor stars, and suggest that this is the source of the increase of substructure with Galactocentric radius and metallicity.2016ApJ...816...80Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/816/80CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)J/ApJ/764/78 : Oxygen abundances in nearby FGK stars (Ramirez+, 2013)J/ApJ/738/79 : SDSS-DR8 BHB stars in the Milky Way's halo (Xue+, 2011)J/ApJ/731/119 : BHB candidates in Sagittarius stream (Ruhland+, 2011)J/ApJ/718/683 : The edge of the young Galactic disk (Carraro+, 2010)J/ApJ/703/2177 : Metal-poor MS turnoff stars summary (Schlaufman+, 2009)J/AJ/137/4377 : List of SEGUE plate pairs (Yanny+, 2009)J/ApJ/684/1143 : BHB candidates in the Milky Way (Xue+, 2008)J/AJ/135/564 : Photometry and spectroscopy of BHB candidates (Brown+, 2008)J/AJ/132/714 : QUEST RR Lyrae survey. II. Halo overdensities (Vivas+, 2006)J/AJ/125/2502 : Spectral indices of Galactic halo (Morrison+, 2003)J/AJ/117/2308 : Spectroscopy of hot stars in the halo (Wilhelm+, 1999)J/AJ/100/1191 : Giants DDO photometry (Morrison+, 1990)http://www.sdss3.org/ : SDSS-III home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/816/80https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/816/80http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/816/80https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/816/80https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/816/80http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/816/80GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/816/80/table3 (Group catalog: K giants sorted by group for groups with 4 or more members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/816/80/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/816/80/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/816/80/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true186.9963751.82255560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/816/80/table2 (*Selected FoF groups found at linking length 4{delta}=0.03)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/816/80/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/816/80/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/816/80/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true175.533812.54280.0055555555555555565/97 99 1108 1294 2065 2462 4326 4337 4441 4442 4454 4478 5801 6485 6549 6633 6634 6745 6776 6928 6959 6961 6962 6966 6968 6979 7018 7053 7066 7072 7074 8110 8111 8134 6/1 2 20 21 26 30 37 39 48 49 50 416 417 420 421 546 552 4164 4167 4169 4184 4373 4374 4387 4390 4391 4395 4423 4429 4440 4441 4442 4453 4465 4467 4468 4481 4484 4505 4507 4508 4510 4529 4532 4533 4535 4537 4542 4578 4670 4671 4754 4757 4758 4759 4760 4774 5127 5133 5136 5137 5139 5140 5144 5145 5148 5180 5182 5187 5190 5191 5196 5197 5199 5202 5203 5208 5209 5253 5254 5430 5431 5433 5438 5439 5474 5523 5526 5527 5579 5659 5671 5681 5682 5683 5689 5694 5787 5789 6287 6304 6305 6306 6308 6310 6311 6313 6321 7325 7344 7349 7399 7417 7757 7769 7771 7780 7781 8192 8194 8227 8228 8264 8266 8267 8268 8270 8289 8340 8341 8343 8354 8360 8362 8363 8398 8518 8523 8524 8526 8949 9123 9125 9127 9236 9237 9304 9324 9325 9336 9340 9490 9492 9605 9606 9613 9615 9618 9625 9626 9632 9636 9637 9835 9844 9847 9932 9938 10114 10130 10149 10336 10337 10577 10579 10584 10619 10694 10700 10706 10712 11265 11316 11317 11319 11334 11335 11338 11339 11341 11342 11346 11360 12299 12320 16795 16797 16798 16817 16821 17234 17238 17240 17243 17244 17252 17253 17262 17274 17287 17293 17294 17295 17298 17308 17313 17317 17318 17319 17324 17328 17345 17357 17362 17368 17371 17505 17507 17508 17512 17513 17515 17516 17518 17549 17550 17551 17554 17555 17560 17562 17563 17564 17566 17572 17573 17575 17584 17585 17586 17601 17725 17742 17743 17745 17747 17749 17750 17751 17753 17754 17756 17757 17761 17762 17763 17774 17776 17778 17805 17809 17810 17811 17813 17815 17822 17826 17827 17828 17829 17830 17832 17834 17837 17840 17856 17862 17900 17901 17903 17907 17910 17981 17998 18008 18011 18017 18018 18019 18020 18021 18022 18024 18026 18030 18032 18061 18067 18070 18076 18078 18085 18112 18113 18178 18222 18223 18232 18233 18234 18244 18245 18256 18295 18301 18311 18320 18321 18390 18767 18789 18791 18802 18829 18830 18831 18840 18842 18852 18853 18855 18864 18865 19243 19331 19335 19336 22719 23057 23058 23060 23061 23065 23182 23183 23185 23186 23187 23189 23190 23191 23195 23196 23201 23202 23208 23210 23211 23213 23214 23231 23232 24062 25874 25937 25938 25939 25944 25945 25947 25949 25950 26014 26040 26044 26046 26059 26062 26102 26103 26109 26118 26166 26167 26168 26169 26171 26172 26173 26189 26193 26194 26195 26201 26202 26203 26204 26205 26206 26225 26231 26236 26253 26257 26259 26260 26262 26263 26268 26269 26270 26275 26276 26278 26279 26281 26283 26284 26285 26292 26303 26338 26345 26346 26347 26350 26370 26373 26376 26378 26384 26402 26466 26468 26472 26476 26529 26530 26531 26541 26542 26544 26546 26955 26958 26959 26970 26977 26979 26985 26992 26993 26994 27039 27061 27069 27073 27081 27082 27113 27135 27235 27237 27239 27241 27251 27254 27257 27261 27450 27575 27579 27580 27581 27582 27607 27613 27626 27668 27669 27671 27685 27687 27693 27695 27696 27699 27704 27705 27706 27720 27757 27759 27807 27816 27818 27819 27820 27827 27829 27831 27833 27835 27841 27843 27852 27853 27854 27856 27858 27859 27868 27877 27880 27882 27904 27905 27908 27930 27934 27937 27938 27939 27940 27945 27947 27948 27951 27952 27954 27983 27994 28004 28006 28007 28009 28013 28016 28018 28047 28067 28068 28070 28076 28078 28079 28082 28088 28110 28133 28160 28180 28181 28190 28191 28201 28202 28203 28206 28209 28220 28221 28223 28234 28246 28256 28257 28258 28262 28268 28270 28271 28292 28309 28344 28347 28348 28350 28351 28353 28416 28417 28459 28545 28548 28550 28553 28576 29776 29779 30031 30069 31535 31617 31620 31621 31727 31882 31883 31907 31908 32414 32429 32435 32436 32438 32482 32488 32490 32527 32550 32557 32698 32702 36861 36862 36863 45054 45055 48860 48883 48888 48890 488913.588997330618193e-19 4.653515163505597e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/816/80?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/816/80/table3Group catalog: K giants sorted by group for groups with 4 or more membersSDSSSDSS-DR9 IAU namemeta.id;meta.maincharPlateSDSS plate identifiermeta.id;instr.plateintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJDModified Julian Date of SDSS observationdtime.epochintFiberSDSS fiber identifiermeta.idintGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoubleVGSR[-191.5/209.5] Galactic Standard of Rest velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.galacticfloate_VGSR[0.6/7] Error in VGSRkm/sstat.errorfloatDist[5.5/92] Distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_Dist[0.7/9] Error in Distkpcstat.errorfloat[Fe/H][-3.6/0.2] Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloatgmag[14.7/19.1] SDSS g band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatrMag[-3.1/0.5] Absolute SDSS r band magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.opt.RfloatRgc[4.8/99.8] Galacto-centric radiuskpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatType[1/4] Target type (1)src.classintGroup[3/581] Group numbermeta.id.parentintFlag[3/9] Group identity flag (2)meta.code.errorintSpInteractive spectrum from SDSSmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SDSS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SDSS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/816/80/table2*Selected FoF groups found at linking length 4{delta}=0.03recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[3/483] Group numbermeta.id;meta.mainintNm[4/212] Number of membersmeta.numberintGLONGalactic longitude (1)degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude (1)degpos.galactic.latVGSR[-149.8/153.4] Galactic Standard of Rest velocity (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.galacticfloatRgc[12.1/90.8] Galacto-centric radius (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloat[Fe/H][-2.2/-1.1] Abundance of [Fe/H] (1)log(Sun)phys.abund.FefloatNotesNotesmeta.notecharf_NotesFlag on Notes (2)meta.notechar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.decnullableindexed