J/ApJ/798/41ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/798/41doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17980041CDSAnsdell M.Gaidos E.Mann A.W.Lepine S.James D.Buccino A.,Baranec C.Law N.M.Riddle R.Mauas P.Petrucci R.2017-10-02T19:28:41Z2015-06-16T13:58:51ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsultraviolet-photometryx-ray-sourcesinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometryspectroscopyPlanets orbiting within the close-in habitable zones of M dwarf stars will be exposed to elevated high-energy radiation driven by strong magnetohydrodynamic dynamos during stellar youth. Near-ultraviolet (NUV) irradiation can erode and alter the chemistry of planetary atmospheres, and a quantitative description of the evolution of NUV emission from M dwarfs is needed when modeling these effects. We investigated the NUV luminosity evolution of early M-type dwarfs by cross-correlating the Lepine & Gaidos catalog (2011, J/AJ/142/138) of bright M dwarfs with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) catalog of NUV (1771-2831{AA}) sources. Of the 4805 sources with GALEX counterparts, 797 have NUV emission significantly (>2.5{sigma}) in excess of an empirical basal level. We inspected these candidate active stars using visible-wavelength spectra, high-resolution adaptive optics imaging, time-series photometry, and literature searches to identify cases where the elevated NUV emission is due to unresolved background sources or stellar companions; we estimated the overall occurrence of these "false positives" (FPs) as ~16%. We constructed an NUV luminosity function that accounted for FPs, detection biases of the source catalogs, and GALEX upper limits. We found the NUV luminosity function to be inconsistent with predictions from a constant star-formation rate and simplified age-activity relation defined by a two-parameter power law.2015ApJ...798...41Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/798/41CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/312 : GALEX-DR5 (GR5) sources from AIS and MIS (Bianchi+ 2011)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)I/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)IX/29 : ROSAT All-Sky Survey Faint Source Catalog (Voges+ 2000)IX/10 : ROSAT All-Sky Bright Source Catalogue (1RXS) (Voges+ 1999)J/AJ/148/64 : HAZMAT. I. FUV & NUV emission in early M stars (Shkolnik+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/2561 : Trumpeting M dwarfs with CONCH-SHELL (Gaidos+, 2014)J/MNRAS/437/3133 : Candidate Neptunes around late-type dwarfs (Gaidos+, 2014)J/A+A/556/A15 : Effective temperature scale of M dwarfs (Rajpurohit+, 2013)J/MNRAS/431/2063 : UV/X-ray activity of M dwarfs within 10pc (Stelzer+, 2013)J/AJ/145/102 : Bright M dwarfs spectro. in the northern sky (Lepine+, 2013)J/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate members (Malo+, 2013)J/ApJ/753/90 : Stellar param. of K5 and later type Kepler stars (Mann+, 2012)J/AJ/142/138 : All-sky catalog of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2011)J/A+A/528/A90 : SuperWASP short period eclipsing binaries (Norton+, 2011)J/MNRAS/411/2770 : Hot white dwarfs in GALEX-DR5 (Bianchi+, 2011)J/ApJ/699/649 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. I. (Shkolnik+, 2009)J/AJ/135/2177 : High proper motion stars in the DSS. IV. (Lepine, 2008)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)J/AJ/123/3409 : SDSS M, L, and T dwarfs (Hawley+, 2002)J/AJ/123/3356 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectrosc. survey. III. (Gizis+, 2002)http://galex.stsci.edu/GalexView : GALEX viewerhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/798/41https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/798/41http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/798/41https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/798/41https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/798/41http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/798/41GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/798/41/table4 (Parameters of UV-luminous early-M dwarfs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/798/41/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/798/41/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/798/41/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.0285311169.717116940.0055555555555555566/18 190 194 196 201 310 318 333 334 401 419 447 469 470 487 518 541 613 614 638 674 722 772 778 786 790 838 910 989 1036 1048 1057 1138 1245 1264 1332 1477 1487 1568 1597 1625 1723 1771 1792 1861 1880 2169 2202 2226 2306 2311 2321 2422 2458 2472 2493 2494 2500 2545 2561 2591 2597 2660 2668 2711 2715 2728 2741 2858 2904 2942 2974 3177 3196 3264 3303 3353 3424 3499 3517 3600 3750 3770 3787 3809 3871 3931 3951 3978 4081 4145 4155 4341 4401 4444 4468 4560 4696 4733 4764 4784 4836 4875 4895 4932 4974 4976 5224 5269 5319 5320 5325 5351 5371 5387 5398 5420 5444 5458 5530 5535 5571 5592 5651 5743 5765 5769 5854 5927 5940 5990 5998 6002 6015 6245 6295 6325 6348 6363 6379 6384 6575 6582 6599 6634 6642 6705 6725 6810 6811 6828 6836 6850 6879 6907 6930 6945 6958 7017 7046 7175 7336 7373 7391 7565 7577 7611 7679 7760 7803 7816 7921 7928 7959 7989 8034 8042 8135 8169 8289 8296 8315 8398 8403 8440 8456 8510 8535 8552 8555 8627 8657 8711 8723 8738 8912 8923 8933 8986 8991 9117 9239 9249 9266 9311 9375 9387 9404 9435 9445 9518 9545 9612 9648 9711 9712 9750 9759 9797 9828 9839 9861 9862 9902 9929 9969 10005 10037 10050 10079 10099 10131 10156 10226 10260 10355 10408 10420 10498 10527 10575 10688 10718 10721 10771 10788 10810 10811 10893 10928 10962 10988 10999 11015 11137 11191 11294 11364 11384 11391 11447 11505 11546 11558 11697 11761 11787 11864 11919 11951 11973 11994 12055 12106 12111 12118 12187 12203 12268 12304 12330 12343 12450 12552 12615 12626 12693 12732 12738 12768 12777 12789 12849 13010 13096 13107 13153 13157 13192 13213 13234 13260 13308 13343 13358 13423 13427 13450 13505 13512 13536 13614 13649 13670 13713 13840 13855 13860 14118 14159 14223 14294 14308 14334 14678 14835 14859 15062 15148 15188 15205 15238 15464 15506 15650 15686 15712 15754 15798 15799 15818 15868 15927 15969 15975 16047 16130 16285 16341 16420 16511 16543 16573 16622 16719 16777 16802 16930 16993 17022 17058 17059 17097 17124 17139 17155 17202 17242 17248 17250 17288 17309 17381 17412 17471 17502 17531 17605 17617 17645 17666 17816 17818 17857 17897 17903 17924 17980 17985 18033 18128 18242 18270 18379 18403 18422 18503 18538 18634 18672 18686 18740 18743 18796 18838 18842 19004 19126 19163 19187 19301 19446 19546 19612 19658 19691 19713 19806 19879 19888 19903 19931 19948 19955 19958 19967 20000 20042 20051 20071 20074 20110 20133 20134 20226 20227 20262 20268 20282 20326 20361 20377 20381 20473 21136 21146 21180 21254 21394 21420 21594 21601 21697 21762 21890 21975 21986 22148 22170 22180 22215 22535 22571 22596 22603 22827 22830 22856 22904 22958 23042 23054 23067 23094 23152 23165 23273 23399 23400 23408 23455 23475 23505 23507 23539 23548 23596 23643 23878 23887 23892 24053 24103 24114 24126 24173 24174 24184 24197 24232 24236 24246 24254 24270 24740 24792 24843 24881 24905 24919 24961 24976 25113 25162 25195 25217 25265 25512 25535 25611 25637 25747 25862 25902 25923 26002 26054 26197 26250 26299 26334 26555 26557 26615 26795 26956 26971 27009 27014 27115 27218 27306 27344 27396 27510 27551 27671 27694 27706 27714 27792 27819 27856 27898 27952 28115 28180 28181 28184 28287 28346 28370 28451 28477 28491 28528 28530 28535 28559 28561 28646 28753 28903 28955 29154 29346 29348 29357 29378 29847 30163 30702 30758 30759 30776 30883 30991 30992 31125 31263 31306 31505 31535 31595 31773 31802 31840 31994 32033 32056 32076 32165 32271 32317 32354 32426 32432 32500 32699 32700 32743 32940 33049 33550 33694 33850 33882 33996 34058 34182 34372 34450 34516 34638 34717 34776 34796 34830 34979 34988 35112 35150 35154 35325 35327 35375 35383 35464 35517 35640 35659 35761 35783 35860 36047 36057 36060 36152 36382 36492 36543 36561 36636 36637 36657 36755 36799 36839 36921 36950 36957 37041 37071 37124 37457 37865 38135 38193 38247 38359 38382 38672 38689 38742 38761 38800 38808 38849 39331 39441 39904 40115 40148 40534 40619 40679 40687 40717 40735 41077 41137 41221 41496 41594 41777 42013 42093 42309 42396 42966 43150 43601 43605 43704 43790 43875 43993 44018 44025 44111 44149 44152 44214 44282 44394 44438 44462 44475 44510 44585 44617 44650 44662 44722 44745 44751 44796 44942 45025 45028 45035 45045 45108 45110 45218 45265 45269 45336 45351 45419 45566 45569 45785 46115 46448 46532 46598 46717 46721 46896 46926 46974 47012 47210 47220 47499 47538 47561 47863 47943 47953 48121 48230 48274 48432 48453 48633 48696 48926 48980 48999 49056 49125 49135 491461.5062136169708525e-19 1.4134638842407062e-18https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/798/41?format=asciiUVX-rayOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/798/41/table4Parameters of UV-luminous early-M dwarfsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPMStellar identifier (IHHMMm+DDMMWw) (<PM JHHMMm+DDMMWw> in Simbad) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharVmag[8.8/14.2] The V band magnitude from Lepine et al. 2011, J/AJ/142/138magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatJmag[5.4/10] The 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatNUV-Ks[5.2/13.6] The (GALEX/NUV-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.UV;em.IRfloatFNUV[3.7/15416] GALEX/NUV band flux densityuJyphot.flux;em.UVdoubleFFUV[2.7/5710]? GALEX/FUV band flux densityuJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullableFX? ROSAT X-ray (0.1-2.4keV) flux; in erg/s/cm^2^ unitsmW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-raydoublenullableEWHa[-4/55]? H{alpha} equivalent width; in Angstroms units0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.HalphafloatnullablelogR[-7.5/-4] Fractional NUV luminosity logR'_NUV_ (R'_NUV_=(L_NUV_-L_basal_)/L_bol_)phys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatfp.AORobo-AO false positive flag (2)meta.codecharfp.HaLow H{alpha} false positive flag (2)meta.codecharfp.SaShifted H{alpha} false positive flag (2)meta.codecharfp.SWSuperWASP false positive flag (2)meta.codecharfp[,DLNRY] False positive flag(s) (3)meta.codecharLSPMSources within 3" from Lepine et al. 2005, I/298meta.ref.urlintnullableGALEXSources within 6" from GALEX-DR5, II/312meta.ref.urlintnullable1RXSSources within 25" from ROSAT All-sky catalogs (IX/10 and IX/29)meta.ref.urlintnullableL13Display the spectroscopic data from Lepine et al. 2013, J/AJ/145/102, if anymeta.codeintnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from Lepine et al. 2011, J/AJ/142/138 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Lepine et al. 2011, J/AJ/142/138 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main