J/ApJ/794/159ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/794/159doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17940159CDSBrandt T.D.McElwain M.W.Turner E.L.Mede K.Spiegel D.S.,Kuzuhara M.Schlieder J.E.Wisniewski J.P.Abe L.Biller B.,Brandner W.Carson J.Currie T.Egner S.Feldt M.Golota T.Goto M.,Grady C.A.Guyon O.Hashimoto J.Hayano Y.Hayashi M.Hayashi S.,Henning T.Hodapp K.W.Inutsuka S.Ishii M.Iye M.Janson M.,Kandori R.Knapp G.R.Kudo T.Kusakabe N.Kwon J.Matsuo T.,Miyama S.Morino J.-I.Moro-Martin A.Nishimura T.Pyo T.-S.,Serabyn E.Suto H.Suzuki R.Takami M.Takato N.Terada H.,Thalmann C.Tomono D.Watanabe M.Yamada T.Takami H.Usuda T.,Tamura M.2017-07-03T13:55:34Z2017-05-19T15:40:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frdwarf-starsmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsstellar-agesWe conduct a statistical analysis of a combined sample of direct imaging data, totalling nearly 250 stars. The stars cover a wide range of ages and spectral types, and include five detections ({kappa} And b, two ~60 M_J_ brown dwarf companions in the Pleiades, PZ Tel B, and CD-35 2722B). For some analyses we add a currently unpublished set of SEEDS observations, including the detections GJ 504b and GJ 758B. We conduct a uniform, Bayesian analysis of all stellar ages using both membership in a kinematic moving group and activity/rotation age indicators. We then present a new statistical method for computing the likelihood of a substellar distribution function. By performing most of the integrals analytically, we achieve an enormous speedup over brute-force Monte Carlo. We use this method to place upper limits on the maximum semimajor axis of the distribution function derived from radial-velocity planets, finding model-dependent values of ~30-100 AU. Finally, we model the entire substellar sample, from massive brown dwarfs to a theoretically motivated cutoff at ~5 M_J_, with a single power-law distribution. We find that p(M,a){prop.to}M^-0.65+/-0.60^a^-0.85+/-0.39^ (1{sigma} errors) provides an adequate fit to our data, with 1.0%-3.1% (68% confidence) of stars hosting 5-70 M_J_ companions between 10 and 100 AU. This suggests that many of the directly imaged exoplanets known, including most (if not all) of the low-mass companions in our sample, formed by fragmentation in a cloud or disk, and represent the low-mass tail of the brown dwarfs.2014ApJ...794..159Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/794/159CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/70A : Nearby Stars, Preliminary 3rd Version (Gliese+ 1991)III/182 : HDE Charts: positions, proper motions (Nesterov+ 1995)I/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)J/ApJ/670/1367 : Gemini Deep Planet Survey (Lafreniere+, 2007)J/MNRAS/408/2457 : Low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in Praesepe (Baker+, 2010)J/ApJ/777/160 : NIR imaging survey for planets around MG starshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/794/159https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/794/159http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/794/159https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/794/159https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/794/159http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/794/159GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/794/159/table2 (Age Distributions of All Targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/794/159/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/794/159/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/794/159/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.65333329.0213890.0055555555555555566/46 129 460 461 463 472 473 474 478 485 496 765 814 815 819 871 940 1077 1165 2101 2370 2374 2652 2816 2966 3163 3591 3786 4118 4444 4468 4591 4871 5088 5108 5322 5373 5413 5990 6410 6932 7763 7854 8357 8424 8687 8985 8995 9125 9331 9507 10203 10464 10695 10741 10826 10914 11015 11126 11193 11226 11671 11844 11856 11910 11917 11946 12092 12228 12388 12417 12592 12770 13243 13427 13450 13487 13674 13688 14208 14539 15686 15887 16059 16134 16220 16606 16853 17017 17199 17274 17288 17421 17605 17752 17887 18034 18425 18496 18802 19509 19888 20327 20328 20332 20505 21118 21139 21180 21285 21296 21386 21953 21956 22010 22146 22148 22277 22289 22964 23094 23140 23201 23369 23408 23870 23895 24608 24763 25015 25056 25224 25477 25793 25814 25939 25998 26133 26250 26521 26651 26753 26924 26997 27392 27395 27459 27462 27725 27735 27884 28041 28122 28395 29665 30015 30328 30467 30771 30826 31104 31259 31358 31399 31425 31776 31789 31998 32147 32211 32520 32617 33361 33583 33694 33704 33850 33937 34074 34245 34825 34829 35802 36261 36379 36487 36664 36697 36713 37419 38191 38363 38382 38687 38765 38800 38950 39044 40515 40692 40717 40784 40892 40932 41295 41798 42096 42555 43571 43670 43677 43704 44368 44792 45351 45544 45746 45931 46084 46640 46922 47101 47120 47205 47287 47626 47863 47943 48274 48559 48651https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/794/159?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/794/159/table2Age Distributions of All TargetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameThe HIP, HD, GJ, or other source identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainAge5Age at Posterior cumulative distribution function (CDF) Value 5%Myrtime.ageintAge10Age at Posterior CDF Value 10%Myrtime.ageintAge25Age at Posterior CDF Value 25%Myrtime.ageintAge50Age at Posterior CDF Value 50%Myrtime.ageintAge75Age at Posterior CDF Value 75%Myrtime.ageintAge90Age at Posterior CDF Value 90%Myrtime.ageintAge95Age at Posterior CDF Value 95%Myrtime.ageintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar