J/ApJ/788/119ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/119doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17880119CDSLehner N.O'Meara J.M.Fox A.J.Howk J.C.Prochaska J.X.Burns V.,Armstrong A.A.2017-11-14T08:59:03Z2017-07-17T09:18:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsredshiftedatomic-physicsspectroscopyWe present the first results from our NASA Keck Observatory Database of Ionized Absorbers toward Quasars (KODIAQ) survey which aims to characterize the properties of the highly ionized gas of galaxies and their circumgalactic medium (CGM) at 2<z<4. We select absorbers optically thick at the Lyman limit ({tau}_LL_>1, logN_HI_>17.3}) as probes of these galaxies and their CGM where both transitions of the O VI doublet have little contamination from the Ly{alpha}, {beta} forests. We found 20 absorbers that satisfy these rules: 7 Lyman limit systems (LLSs), 8 super-LLSs (SLLSs) and 5 damped Ly{alpha} (DLAs). The O VI detection rate is 100% for the DLAs, 71% for the LLSs, and 63% for the SLLSs. When O VI is detected, log(N_O VI_)=14.9+/-0.3, an average O VI column density substantially larger and with a smaller dispersion than found in blind O VI surveys at similar redshifts. Strong O VI absorption is therefore nearly ubiquitous in the CGM of z~2-3 galaxies. The total velocity widths of the O VI profiles are also large (200<={Delta}_{upsilon}_O VI_<=400 km/s). These properties are quite similar to those seen for O VI in low-z star-forming galaxies, and therefore we hypothesize that these strong CGM O VI absorbers (with {tau}_LL_>1) at 2<z<~3.5 also probe outflows of star-forming galaxies. The LLSs and SLLSs with no O VI absorption have properties consistent with those seen in cosmological simulations tracing cold streams feeding galaxies. When the highly ionized (Si IV and O VI) gas is taken into account, we determine that the {tau}_LL_>1 absorbers could contain as much as 3%-14% of the cosmic baryon budget at z~2-3, only second to the Ly{alpha} forest. We conservatively show that 5%-20% of the metals ever produced at z~2-3 are in form of highly ionized metals ejected in the CGM of galaxies.2014ApJ...788..119Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/788/119CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/23 : Absorption Lines in QSO Spectra (Ellis+ 1978)VII/69 : Asiago Catalogue of QSOs (Barbieri+ 1983)J/AJ/112/62 : Quasar absorption-line systems (Tanner+ 1996)J/ApJ/508/200 : QSO low-z Ly{alpha} absorbers (Tripp+, 1998)J/MNRAS/346/1103 : Redshifts of damped Lyman{alpha} absorbers (Peroux+, 2003)J/ApJ/635/123 : The SDSS-DR3 damped Ly{alpha} survey (Prochaska+, 2005)J/ApJS/177/39 : Survey of low-redshift OVI absorbers (Tripp+, 2008)J/ApJ/775/78 : Lyman limit absorption systems in z~3 QSOsJ/AJ/150/111 : KODIAQ DR1 (O'Meara+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/119https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/119GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/788/119/table1 (Data Summary)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/119/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/119/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/119/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true152.981666729.69488890.0055555555555555566/5051 5272 5731 6028 6070 7168 9112 9138 9801 10698 10752 10994 11004 11786 19682 21993 31331 47941 48474 48498https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/788/119?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/788/119/table1Data SummarySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainPIThe original PI who acquired the dataobs.observercharRes[36/72] Spectral resolutionspect.resolutionintn_Res[d] Note on Res (1)meta.notecharS/N[6/54] Signal-to-noise ratio (2)stat.snrintzQSO redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatzabsAbsorber redshift (3)src.redshiftdoubledeltavVelocity difference (4)1000km.s**-1phys.veloc;arith.difffloatJ/ApJ/788/119/table8Results from the Profile FitsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharzRedshift of the absorbersrc.redshiftdoublef_z[ip] Flag on z (1)meta.codecharIonFitted ionphys.atmol.ionStagecharNum[1/16] Component numbermeta.code.multipintVelVelocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_VelUncertainty in Velkm/sstat.errorfloatbDoppler parameterkm/sspect.dopplerParamfloate_bUncertainty in bkm/sstat.errorfloatlogNLog column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloate_logNUncertainty in logNlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatFlag[0/3]? Fit flag (2)meta.code.errorintnullable