J/ApJ/776/L31ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/776/L31doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17769031CDSFragos T.Lehmer B.D.Naoz S.Zezas A.Basu-Zych A.2015-05-18T12:20:48Z2015-04-27T14:14:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frx-ray-binary-starsastronomical-modelsX-ray photons, because of their long mean-free paths, can easily escape the galactic environments where they are produced, and interact at long distances with the intergalactic medium, potentially having a significant contribution to the heating and reionization of the early universe. The two most important sources of X-ray photons in the universe are active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and X-ray binaries (XRBs). In this Letter we use results from detailed, large scale population synthesis simulations to study the energy feedback of XRBs, from the first galaxies (z~20) until today. We estimate that X-ray emission from XRBs dominates over AGN at z>~6-8. The shape of the spectral energy distribution of the emission from XRBs shows little change with redshift, in contrast to its normalization which evolves by ~4 orders of magnitude, primarily due to the evolution of the cosmic star-formation rate. However, the metallicity and the mean stellar age of a given XRB population affect significantly its X-ray output. Specifically, the X-ray luminosity from high-mass XRBs per unit of star-formation rate varies an order of magnitude going from solar metallicity to less than 10% solar, and the X-ray luminosity from low-mass XRBs per unit of stellar mass peaks at an age of ~300Myr and then decreases gradually at later times, showing little variation for mean stellar ages >~3Gyr. Finally, we provide analytical and tabulated prescriptions for the energy output of XRBs, that can be directly incorporated in cosmological simulations.2013ApJ...776L..31Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/776/L31CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/774/136 : X-ray obs. of SINGS gal. compared to models (Tzanavaris+, 2013)J/ApJ/766/19 : XRB pop. synthesis models in 0<z<20 galaxies (Tremmel+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/41 : X-ray binary evolution across cosmic time (Fragos+, 2013)J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)J/ApJ/737/L20 : Metallicity dependent star formation rates (Dib, 2011)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/776/L31https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/776/L31http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/776/L31https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/776/L31https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/776/L31http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/776/L31GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/ApJ/776/L31/table1Synthetic SED data at different redshifts (F(E_ph_)=dL_X_/dlog(E_ph_/KeV)/V[erg/s/mpc^3^])ModelModel type (1)meta.noteintEph[0.014/95.7] Photon energykeVem.energyfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintF(19.92)Luminosity per unit volume at z=19.92 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(18.24)Luminosity per unit volume at z=18.24 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(16.72)Luminosity per unit volume at z=16.72 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(15.34)Luminosity per unit volume at z=15.34 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(14.09)Luminosity per unit volume at z=14.09 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(12.94)Luminosity per unit volume at z=12.94 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(11.90)Luminosity per unit volume at z=11.90 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(10.94)Luminosity per unit volume at z=10.94 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(10.07)Luminosity per unit volume at z=10.07 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(9.28)Luminosity per unit volume at z=9.28 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(8.55)Luminosity per unit volume at z=8.55 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(7.88)Luminosity per unit volume at z=7.88 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(7.27)Luminosity per unit volume at z=7.27 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(6.71)Luminosity per unit volume at z=6.71 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(6.20)Luminosity per unit volume at z=6.20 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(5.72)Luminosity per unit volume at z=5.72 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(5.29)Luminosity per unit volume at z=5.29 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(4.89)Luminosity per unit volume at z=4.89 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(4.52)Luminosity per unit volume at z=4.52 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(4.18)Luminosity per unit volume at z=4.18 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(3.87)Luminosity per unit volume at z=3.87 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(3.58)Luminosity per unit volume at z=3.58 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(3.31)Luminosity per unit volume at z=3.31 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(3.06)Luminosity per unit volume at z=3.06 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(2.83)Luminosity per unit volume at z=2.83 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(2.62)Luminosity per unit volume at z=2.62 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(2.42)Luminosity per unit volume at z=2.42 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(2.24)Luminosity per unit volume at z=2.24 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(2.07)Luminosity per unit volume at z=2.07 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(1.91)Luminosity per unit volume at z=1.91 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(1.77)Luminosity per unit volume at z=1.77 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(1.63)Luminosity per unit volume at z=1.63 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(1.50)Luminosity per unit volume at z=1.50 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(1.39)Luminosity per unit volume at z=1.39 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(1.28)Luminosity per unit volume at z=1.28 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(1.17)Luminosity per unit volume at z=1.17 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(1.08)Luminosity per unit volume at z=1.08 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.99)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.99 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.91)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.91 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.83)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.83 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.76)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.76 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.69)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.69 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.62)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.62 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.56)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.56 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.51)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.51 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.46)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.46 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.41)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.41 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.36)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.36 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.32)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.32 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.28)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.28 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.24)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.24 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.21)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.21 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.17)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.17 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.14)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.14 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.12)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.12 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.09)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.09 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.06)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.06 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.04)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.04 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.02)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.02 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleF(0.00)Luminosity per unit volume at z=0.00 (2)1e-07W.Mpc**-3phys.luminosity;em.X-raydouble