J/ApJ/770/43ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/770/43doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17700043CDSMann A.W.Gaidos E.Kraus A.Hilton E.J.2017-12-12T14:44:28Z2015-01-29T11:50:21ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmetallicitymultiple-starssolar-system-planetsstellar-radiiIt has been shown that F, G, and early K dwarf hosts of Neptune-sized planets are not preferentially metal-rich. However, it is less clear whether the same holds for late K and M dwarf planet hosts. We report metallicities of Kepler targets and candidate transiting planet hosts with effective temperatures below 4500K. We use new metallicity calibrations to determine [Fe/H] from visible and near-infrared spectra. We find that the metallicity distribution of late K and M dwarfs monitored by Kepler is consistent with that of the solar neighborhood. Further, we show that hosts of Earth- to Neptune-sized planets have metallicities consistent with those lacking detected planets and rule out a previously claimed 0.2dex offset between the two distributions at 6{sigma} confidence. We also demonstrate that the metallicities of late K and M dwarfs hosting multiple detected planets are consistent with those lacking detected planets. Our results indicate that multiple terrestrial and Neptune-sized planets can form around late K and M dwarfs with metallicities as low as 0.25 solar. The presence of Neptune-sized planets orbiting such low-metallicity M dwarfs suggests that accreting planets collect most or all of the solids from the disk and that the potential cores of giant planets can readily form around M dwarfs. The paucity of giant planets around M dwarfs compared to solar-type stars must be due to relatively rapid disk evaporation or a slower rate of planet accretion, rather than insufficient solids to form a core.2013ApJ...770...43Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/770/43CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJS/213/5 : Cool KOIs. VI. H- and K- band spectra (Muirhead+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/2 : Stellar properties of Q1-16 Kepler stars (Huber+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/1 : Asteroseismic study of solar-type stars (Chaplin+, 2014)J/A+A/549/A8 : Atmospheric extinction data above Mauna Kea (Buton+, 2013)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/AJ/145/102 : Bright M dwarfs spectro. in the northern sky (Lepine+, 2013)J/AJ/145/52 : Late K & M dwarfs abundances in binary systems (Mann+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/95 : Parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/90 : Stellar param. of K5 & later type Kepler stars (Mann+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/L37 : Stellar parameters of low-mass KOIs (Muirhead+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)J/AJ/143/67 : SLoWPoKES II. Properties of low-mass binaries (Dhital+, 2012)J/AJ/142/138 : All-sky catalog of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2011)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/PASP/121/117 : Fe abundances of 12 low-metallicity M stars (Woolf+, 2009)J/A+A/487/373 : Spectroscopic param. of 451 HARPS-GTO stars (Sousa+, 2008)J/MNRAS/389/585 : Fundamental parameters of M dwarfs (Casagrande+, 2008)J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/AJ/123/3409 : SDSS M, L, and T dwarfs (Hawley+, 2002)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/770/43https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/770/43http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/770/43https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/770/43https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/770/43http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/770/43GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/770/43/table1 (KOI stellar parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/770/43/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/770/43/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/770/43/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.726237.52890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/770/43/table2 (non-KOI stellar parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/770/43/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/770/43/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/770/43/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.6206737.227280.0055555555555555565/3692 3733 3734 3736 3741 3743 3777 6/14573 14578 14579 14581 14583 14584 14585 14586 14588 14590 14591 14731 14732 14733 14734 14744 14746 14751 14752 14757 14762 14763 14764 14767 14772 14773 14778 14779 14780 14781 14783 14794 14816 14819 14824 14825 14830 14914 14915 14918 14919 14921 14923 14927 14928 14930 14931 14943 14948 14950 14953 14955 14957 14958 14959 14962 14963 14969 14971 15040 15044 15057 15060 15061 15104 15107 15112 15113 15114 15116 15118 15119 15121 15123 15124 15126 15128 15131 15132 15133 15134 15136 15138 15139 15140 15142 15143 15145 15146 15147 15148 15149 15151 15153 15154 15156 15157 15160 15168 15170 15171 15172 15233https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/770/43?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/770/43/table1KOI stellar parametersKOI[227/2662] Kepler Object of Interest numbermeta.idintf_KOI[a] Multi-planet candidate (1)meta.codecharKICKepler Input Catalog identifier (V/133)meta.id;meta.mainintprimary[Fe/H][-0.62/0.62] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H][0.05/0.2] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatR*[0.1/0.8] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloate_R*[0.03/0.06] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in R*solRadstat.errorfloatKCatDisplay the host star parameters from Batalha et al. 2013, J/ApJS/204/24, and/or Borucki et al. 2011, J/ApJ/736/19meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from Kepler Input Catalog (V/133) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Kepler Input Catalog (V/133) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/770/43/table2non-KOI stellar parametersKIC[1721911/11820505] Kepler identifier (V/133)meta.id;meta.mainintprimary[Fe/H][-0.9/0.5] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H][0.05/0.3] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloat_RAPositions from Kepler Input Catalog (V/133) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Kepler Input Catalog (V/133) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main