J/ApJ/767/95ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/767/95doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17670095CDSDressing C.D.Charbonneau D.2017-09-29T09:03:58Z2014-12-17T09:33:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsstellar-radiisolar-system-planetsmetallicitystellar-massesWe use the optical and near-infrared photometry from the Kepler Input Catalog to provide improved estimates of the stellar characteristics of the smallest stars in the Kepler target list. We find 3897 dwarfs with temperatures below 4000K, including 64 planet candidate host stars orbited by 95 transiting planet candidates. We refit the transit events in the Kepler light curves for these planet candidates and combine the revised planet/star radius ratios with our improved stellar radii to revise the radii of the planet candidates orbiting the cool target stars. We then compare the number of observed planet candidates to the number of stars around which such planets could have been detected in order to estimate the planet occurrence rate around cool stars. We find that the occurrence rate of 0.5-4R_{oplus}_ planets with orbital periods shorter than 50 days is 0.90_0.03_^0.04^ planets per star. The occurrence rate of Earth-size (0.5-1.4R_{oplus}_) planets is constant across the temperature range of our sample at 0.51_0.05_^0.06^ Earth-size planets per star, but the occurrence of 1.4-4R_{oplus}_ planets decreases significantly at cooler temperatures. Our sample includes two Earth-size planet candidates in the habitable zone, allowing us to estimate that the mean number of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone is 0.15_0.06_^0.13^ planets per cool star. Our 95% confidence lower limit on the occurrence rate of Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of cool stars is 0.04 planets per star. With 95% confidence, the nearest transiting Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of a cool star is within 21pc. Moreover, the nearest non-transiting planet in the habitable zone is within 5pc with 95% confidence.2013ApJ...767...95Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/767/95CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)J/ApJS/208/22 : Transit timing variation for 12 planetary pairs (Xie, 2013)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)J/ApJS/199/30 : KIC stars effective temperature scale (Pinsonneault+, 2012)J/MNRAS/421/2342 : 4 Kepler systems transit timing obs. (Steffen+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/90 : Stellar param. of K5 & later type Kepler stars (Mann+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/L37 : Stellar parameters of low-mass KOIs (Muirhead+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/114 : Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems (Fabrycky+, 2012)J/ApJ/749/15 : The Kepler-20 planetary system (Gautier+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/ApJ/746/36 : RV standard deviation in the M2K survey (Gaidos+, 2012)J/ApJ/738/170 : False positive Kepler planet candidates (Morton+, 2011)J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/A+A/505/859 : M dwarfs radial velocities (Zechmeister+, 2009)J/MNRAS/389/585 : Fundamental parameters of M dwarfs (Casagrande+, 2008)http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/ : MAST Kepler home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/767/95https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/767/95http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/767/95https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/767/95https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/767/95http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/767/95GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/767/95/table1 (Revised cool star properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/767/95/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/767/95/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/767/95/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.3348436.806438060.0055555555555555564/922 923 933 934 935 944 945 946 5/3646 3647 3683 3704 3706 3729 3730 3731 3760 3788 3789 3792 6/14567 14573 14575 14577 14578 14579 14581 14582 14583 14730 14731 14744 14746 14747 14750 14751 14792 14794 14795 14828 14830 14914 14915 15044 15045 15057 15059 15060 15061 15062 15160 15161 15172 15173 15174 15176 15178 15200 15232 15233https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/767/95?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/767/95/table1Revised cool star propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input Catalog ID (V/133)meta.id;meta.mainintPlNumber of planet candidates orbiting this star with revised properties (table 2)meta.ref.urlintnullableHZSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharTeff[3121/4000] Stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffPositive error in TeffKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TeffNegative error in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintR*[0.1/0.6] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_R*Positive error in R*solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_R*Negative error in R*solRadstat.errorfloatM*[0.09/0.7] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatE_M*Positive error in M*solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_M*Negative error in M*solMassstat.errorfloatlogg[4.6/5.4] Log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatE_loggPositive error in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_loggNegative error in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatFe/H[-2.5/0.3] Stellar metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatE_Fe/HPositive error in Fe/Hlog(Sun)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Fe/HNegative error in Fe/Hlog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatDist[8/1099] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatE_DistPositive error in Distpcstat.error;stat.maxinte_DistNegative error in Distpcstat.errorint_RAPositions from the KIC catalog (V/133) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from the KIC catalog (V/133) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/767/95/table2Revised properties for planet candidates orbiting small starn_KOINote on planet (1)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interestmeta.id.assocfloatKICKepler identifier (V/133)meta.id;meta.mainintt0[0/44] Transit ephemeris folded to planet orbital period (between 0 and Per)dtime.periodfloatPer[0.5/87] Planet orbital perioddtime.periodfloata/r*[1.7/158] Planet semimajor axis/stellar radius (2)phys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitalfloatrp/r*[0.01/0.5] Planet radius/stellar radiusphys.size.radiusfloatb[0.3/1.3] Impact parametersrc.impactParamfloatRp[0.4/18] Planet radius in Earth radii(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_RpPositive error on Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_RpNegative error on Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatFp[0.3/551] Flux received by planet (relative to Earth)Earthphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatE_FpPositive error on FpEarthstat.error;stat.maxfloate_FpNegative error on FpEarthstat.errorfloatTeff[3304/3994] Stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintR*[0.2/0.6] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/767/95/table4Properties of candidates in or near the Habitable ZonerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifiermeta.id.assocfloatn_KOI[i] i: in the Habitable Zonemeta.notecharKICKepler numbermeta.id;meta.mainintTeff[3414/3853] Stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintR*[0.2/0.5] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloat[Fe/H][-0.5/-0.1] Stellar metallicityphys.abund.ZfloatPer[18.4/86.9] Planet orbital perioddtime.periodfloatRp[0.9/2.4] Planet radius (in Earth radius)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatFp[0.3/2] Flux received by planet (compared to flux received by Earth)Earthphot.flux;arith.ratiofloat