J/ApJ/752/146ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/752/146doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17520146CDSLee E.J.Murray N.Rahman M.2017-09-22T16:16:23Z2014-03-04T11:43:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frh-ii-regionsmilky-way-galaxyinterstellar-mediuminfrared-sourcesradio-sourcesWe analyze Spitzer GLIMPSE, Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX), and Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) images of the Milky Way to identify 8{mu}m and free-free sources in the Galaxy. Seventy-two of the 88 WMAP sources have coverage in the GLIMPSE and MSX surveys suitable for identifying massive star-forming complexes (SFCs). We measure the ionizing luminosity functions of the SFCs and study their role in the turbulent motion of the Galaxy's molecular gas. We find a total Galactic free-free flux f_{nu}_=46177.6Jy; the 72 WMAP sources with full 8{mu}m coverage account for 34263.5Jy (~75%), with both measurements made at {nu}=94GHz (W band). We find a total of 280 SFCs, of which 168 have unique kinematic distances and free-free luminosities. We use a simple model for the radial distribution of star formation to estimate the free-free and ionizing luminosity for the sources lacking distance determinations. The total dust-corrected ionizing luminosity is Q=(2.9+/-0.5)x10^53^photons/s, which implies a Galactic star formation rate of \dot{M}_{star}_=1.2+/-0.2{M}_{sun}_/yr. We present the (ionizing) luminosity function of the SFCs and show that 24 sources emit half the ionizing luminosity of the Galaxy. The SFCs appear as bubbles in GLIMPSE or MSX images; the radial velocities associated with the bubble walls allow us to infer the expansion velocity of the bubbles. We calculate the kinetic luminosity of the bubble expansion and compare it to the turbulent luminosity of the inner molecular disk. SFCs emitting 80% of the total Galactic free-free luminosity produce a kinetic luminosity equal to 65% of the turbulent luminosity in the inner molecular disk. This suggests that the expansion of the bubbles is a major driver of the turbulent motion of the inner Milky Way molecular gas.2012ApJ...752..146Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/752/146CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)V/114 : MSX6C Infrared Point Source Catalog (Egan+ 2003)V/112 : Catalog of Star-Forming Regions in the Galaxy (Avedisova, 2002)VIII/58 : A Survey of Radio H II Regions in the Northern Sky (Lockman+ 1989)VII/50 : CO Radial Velocities Toward Galactic H II Regions (Blitz+ 1982)J/ApJS/208/20 : Nine-year WMAP point source catalogs (Bennett+, 2013)J/ApJS/196/18 : CO survey of galactic molecular clouds. II. (Bieging+, 2011)J/ApJ/738/27 : Galactic HII regions RRL and continuum data (Balser+, 2011)J/ApJ/709/424 : HII regions identified with WMAPS and GLIMPSE (Murray+, 2010)J/ApJ/719/1104 : Massive star forming complexes in GLIMPSE (Rahman+, 2010)J/ApJ/690/706 : Distances of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2009)J/ApJS/165/338 : Radio recombination lines in HII regions (Quireza+, 2006)J/MNRAS/366/1096 : Kinematic distance ambiguity (Busfield+, 2006)J/AJ/130/156 : Galactic radio compact HII regions at 1.4GHz (Giveon+, 2005)J/AJ/129/348 : Radio compact HII regions in the Milky Way (Giveon+, 2005)J/ApJS/154/553 : Inner galaxy massive star formation regions (Sewilo+, 2004)J/ApJ/582/756 : Velocities of HII regions (Kolpak+, 2003)J/A+A/397/213 : Galactic HII regions (Paladini+, 2003)J/AJ/126/1423 : MSX 8.3um fluxes of star-forming regions (Kraemer+, 2003)J/A+A/397/133 : Star-forming complexes in the Galaxy (Russeil+, 2003)J/ApJS/148/97 : The WMAP First Year Source Catalog (WMAP1) (Bennett+, 2003)J/ApJ/488/224 : 4.85 GHz fluxes of H II regions (Kuchar+ 1997)J/A+AS/101/153 : Galactic H2O masers (Palagi+ 1993)J/A+A/171/261 : Southern HII Regions radio recombination lines (Caswell+ 1987)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/752/146https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/752/146http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/752/146https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/752/146https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/752/146http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/752/146GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/752/146/table1 (Star Forming Complex (SFC) parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/752/146/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/752/146/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/752/146/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.43884-28.803140.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/752/146/table2 (HII region Radio Recombination Line velocities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/752/146/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/752/146/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/752/146/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true267.040398-28.9413860.0055555555555555565/3673 7202 7206 7207 7275 7383 7564 7654 9504 10453 10556 10594 6/1287 1293 1295 1297 1544 1930 3156 3290 3301 3302 3307 3649 12970 14063 14255 14263 14267 14299 14306 14307 14308 14311 14317 14353 14355 14358 14365 14402 14403 14409 14426 14430 14621 14622 14624 14626 14633 14636 14641 14644 14645 14665 14666 14667 14668 14670 14671 14682 14683 14686 14687 14688 14689 14690 14696 14697 14698 14704 14716 14719 15362 15368 15370 15412 15430 15435 15449 15458 15479 15629 15634 15683 21439 21641 21646 22208 22243 22252 22851 22855 23637 23641 23645 23969 23982 23998 24325 24554 28814 28852 28874 28875 28890 28891 28892 28896 28897 28900 28901 28912 28913 28915 28916 28918 28919 28921 29090 29091 29096 29097 29112 29114 29115 29116 29118 29119 29463 29505 29506 29508 29510 29511 29512 29513 29515 29522 29523 29529 30218 30219 30241 30244 30245 30262 30268 30269 30312 30313 30317 30318 30319 30330 30341 30405 30417 30420 30422 30601 30604 30605 30622 30644 30692 30694 30695 30707 30712 30713 30715 30716 30718 30719 37335 37343 37364 37365 37366 37746 37752 37839 37846 37850 37861 37872 37884 37886 37893 37894 37895 37897 37899 37904 37906 37921 37923 37924 37926 37928 38024 38026 39250 39251 39386 39804 41598 41655 41657 41658 41659 41671 41673 41675 41676 41677 41678 41681 41682 41683 41685 41696 41758 41759 41763 41765 41766 41767 41769 41770 41772 41773 41777 41778 41780 41781 41782 41798 41804 41805 41811 41817 41820 41824 42159 42168 42169 42171 42172 42174 42207 42214 42215 42218 42228 42229 42230 42381 42382 42387 42390 42391 42392 42393 42395 42396 42397 42398 42435 42436 42438 42439 42440 42441 42444 42445 42447 42449 42451 42455 42456 42457 42460 42461 42462 42496 42497 42498 42500 42512 42516 43015 43017 43018 43019 43021 43024 43026 430406.228505396089529e-23 6.228505396089529e-23https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/752/146?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/752/146/table1Star Forming Complex (SFC) parametersPAPosition Angledegpos.posAngintn_Vlsr[ac] Note on Vlsr computation (1)meta.notechare_Flux[0/2625] Error in flux densityJystat.error;phot.fluxintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/279] SFC running sequence numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryNameHost WMAP source (69 sources: G3 to G359)meta.id.parentcharHIINumber of HII regions in this star forming complex (table 2)meta.numberintnullableGLONGalactic Longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic Latitudedegpos.galactic.latamaj[1/210] Semi-Major Axisarcminphys.angSizefloatbmin[0.7/129] Semi-Minor Axisarcminphys.angSizefloatVlsr[-210/118]? Local Standard of Rest Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullabledVm[1.6/18.5]? Measured Half-Spread Velocitykm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatnullabledVc[2.8/48.7]? Corrected Half-Spread Velocitykm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloatnullablen_dVc[bc] Note on dVc computation (1)meta.notecharDfar[0.3/15]? Far Kinematic Distance (2)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_Dfar[0.1/31]? Error in Dfarkpcstat.errorfloatnullableDnear[0/8.4]? Near Kinematic Distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_Dnear[0.1/9]? Error in Dnearkpcstat.errorfloatnullablen_Dnear[0/1]? Note on Dnear computation (3)meta.noteintnullableRfar[0.2/212]? Geometric Mean of Radius calculated with Dfarpcphys.size.radius;stat.meanfloatnullablee_Rfar? Error in Rfarpcstat.errorfloatnullableRnear[0/75]? Geometric Mean of Radius calculated with Dnearpcphys.size.radius;stat.meanfloatnullablee_Rnear? Error in Rnearpcstat.errorfloatnullableFlux[0/2077] 94GHz Free-free flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzintQfar[0/37]? Ionizing Luminosity calculated with Dfar1e+51s**-1phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_Qfar? Error in Qfar1e+51s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableQnear[0/8]? Ionizing Luminosity calculated with Dnear1e+51s**-1phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_Qnear? Error in Qnear1e+51s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableTfar[0.2/32]? Dynamical Time calculated with DfarMyrpos.parallax.dyn;meta.modelledfloatnullableTnear[0/10]? Dynamical Time calculated with DnearMyrpos.parallax.dyn;meta.modelledfloatnullableKDA[FN] Result of Kinematic Distance Ambiguity resolution: Far or Nearmeta.codecharr_KDAReference(s) for KDA (4)meta.ref;pos.framechar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/ApJ/752/146/table2HII region Radio Recombination Line velocitiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[2/279] Corresponding SFC sequence number (254 SFC)meta.id.parentintNameHII region name (770 regions)meta.id;obs.fieldcharGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latVlsr[-212/119] Local Standard of Rest Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatRefHII region reference (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintHIICatCross-match with HII region catalogs (Cat. J/ApJ/488/224, J/A+A/171/261, VIII/58, J/ApJS/165/338) within 5"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.decnullableindexed