J/ApJ/741/110ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/741/110doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17410110CDSDunham M.K.Rosolowsky E.Evans II N.J.Cyganowski C.Urquhart J.S.2017-09-27T05:55:59Z2013-04-22T06:36:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediumgalaxy-planesmilky-way-galaxymillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyWe present the results of a Green Bank Telescope survey of NH_3_(1,1), (2,2), (3,3) lines toward 631 Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) sources at a range of Galactic longitudes in the inner Galaxy. We have detected the NH_3_(1,1) line toward 72% of our targets (456), demonstrating that the high column density features identified in the BGPS and other continuum surveys accurately predict the presence of dense gas. We have determined kinematic distances and resolved the distance ambiguity for all BGPS sources detected in NH_3_. The BGPS sources trace the locations of the Scutum and Sagittarius spiral arms, with the number of sources peaking between R_Gal_~4 and 5kpc. We measure the physical properties of each source and find that depending on the distance, BGPS sources are primarily clumps, with some cores and clouds. Forty-eight percent of our sample should be forming stars (including massive stars) with high efficiency, and 87% contain subregions that should be efficiently forming stars. Indeed, we find that 67% of the sample exhibit signs of star formation activity based on an association with a mid-infrared source.2011ApJ...741..110Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/741/110CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/422/3178 : Distances of 793 BGPS sources (Eden+, 2012)J/ApJS/195/14 : The Bolocam GPS (BGPS). V. (Schlingman+, 2011)J/ApJ/731/90 : Mid-IR content of BGPS sources (Dunham+, 2011)J/AJ/142/94 : Red MSX sources in BGPS (Schenck+, 2011)J/ApJS/188/123 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. II. (Rosolowsky+, 2010)J/ApJ/721/137 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) (Bally+, 2010)http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/BOLOCAM_GPS/ : BOLOCAM GPS archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/741/110https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/741/110http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/741/110https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/741/110https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/741/110http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/741/110GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/741/110/table1 (Observed 1.1mm properties of BGPS (Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey) sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/741/110/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/741/110/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/741/110/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true270.6275-22.466750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/741/110/table4 (Observed NH_3_ properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/741/110/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/741/110/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/741/110/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true270.625-22.4685830.0055555555555555565/7377 7578 7679 6/12970 28915 28916 28918 28919 29090 29096 29517 29522 29523 29528 29529 29531 29532 30263 30269 30306 303181.8058623843283312e-22 1.8058623843283312e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/741/110?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/741/110/table1Observed 1.1mm properties of BGPS (Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey) sourcesl_RobjLimit flag on Robjmeta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1307/6459] BGPS Identification numberphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzintprimaryPlink to NH_3_ and derived properties (tables 4, 5, 6 and 7)meta.ref.urlcharBGPSSource name (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[18/19] Centroid Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[0/22] Centroid Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRAPPeak Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;stat.maxDEPPeak Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;stat.maxRmaj[12.6/83.2] Major axisarcsecphys.angSizefloatRmin[8.2/48.8] Minor axisarcsecphys.angSizefloatPA[0/179] Position angle north of (l=0{deg})degpos.posAngintRobj[6.48/145.51] Object radiusarcsecphys.angSizefloatS120[128/52500] The 1.1mm flux density within a 120" aperturemJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzinte_S120Uncertainty in S120mJystat.errorintSInt[50/78500] Integrated 1.1mm flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzinte_SIntUncertainty in SIntmJystat.errorintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharJ/ApJ/741/110/table4Observed NH_3_ propertiesm_Seq[B-F] Multiple ammonia pointings (1)meta.code.multipcharl_W33Limit flag on W33 (2)meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1307/6459] BGPS Identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVlsr[-1/155] Local Standard of Rest velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloate_VlsrUncertainty in Vlsrkm/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatsigVGaussian line width {sigma}(Vlsr)km/sspect.line.widthfloate_sigVUncertainty in sigmaVkm/sstat.errorfloatTmb11? NH_3_(1,1) brightness temperature (3)Kphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_Tmb11Uncertainty in Tmb11Kstat.errorfloatW11? NH_3_(1,1) integrated intensity(3)K.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatnullablee_W11? Uncertainty in W11K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_Tmb22Limit flag on Tmb22 (2)meta.code.errorcharTmb22? NH_3_(2,2) brightness temperature (3)Kphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_Tmb22? Uncertainty in Tmb22Kstat.errorfloatnullablel_W22Limit flag on W22 (2)meta.code.errorcharW22? NH_3_(2,2) integrated intensity(3)K.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatnullablee_W22? Uncertainty in W22K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_Tmb33Limit flag on Tmb33 (2)meta.code.errorcharTmb33? NH_3_(3,3) brightness temperature (3)Kphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_Tmb33? Uncertainty in Tmb33Kstat.errorfloatnullableW33? NH_3_(3,3) integrated intensity(3)K.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatnullablee_W33? Uncertainty in W33K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_Tmb44Limit flag on Tmb44 (2)meta.code.errorcharTmb44? NH_3_(4,4) brightness temperature (3)Kphys.temperaturefloatnullablel_W44Limit flag on W44 (2)meta.code.errorcharW44? NH_3_(4,4) integrated intensity(3)K.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatnullableJ/ApJ/741/110/table5Derived gas propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1307/6459] BGPS Identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintm_Seq[B-F] Multiple ammonia pointings (1)meta.code.multipchartau[0.01/12.22] NH_3_(1,1) optical depthphys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatl_TkinLimit flag on Tkin (2)meta.code.errorcharTkin[5/59.41] Gas kinetic temperatureKphys.temperaturefloate_TkinUncertainty in TkinKstat.errorfloatTex[2.82/24.81] Measured excitation temperatureKphys.atmol.excitationfloate_TexUncertainty in TexKstat.errorfloata[0.13/0.46] Sound speedkm/sphys.velocfloate_aUncertainty in akm/sstat.errorfloatsigNT[0.08/4.41] Non-thermal velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloate_sigNTUncertainty in sigNTkm/sstat.errorfloatH2O[Y/N] H_2_O maser at 22GHz? (Y=detected)meta.codecharMultMultiple velocity components? (3)meta.codeJ/ApJ/741/110/table6Kinematic distancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1307/6459] BGPS Identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintIRDC[mny] IRDC (infrared dark cloud) flag (1)meta.codecharHISA[mny] HISA (HI self-absorption) flag (1)meta.codecharKDA[nft] kinematic distance ambiguity (KDA) flag (2)meta.codecharDist[0.1/15] Kinematic distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatE_DistUpper uncertainty limit in Distkpcstat.error;stat.maxfloate_DistLower uncertainty limit in Distkpcstat.errorfloatRgal[1.4/8.5] Galactic radiuskpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatJ/ApJ/741/110/table7Derived masses and densitiesRadRadiuspcphys.size.radiusfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1307/6459] BGPS Identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintMiso1Isothermal mass in from aperture fluxsolMassphys.massinte_Miso1Uncertainty in Miso1solMassstat.errorintMiso2Isothermal mass from integrated fluxsolMassphys.massinte_Miso2Uncertainty in Miso2solMassstat.errorintMvirVirial mass from integrated fluxsolMassphys.massinte_Mvir? Uncertainty in MvirsolMassstat.errorintnullablenpProton density from integrated flux1000cm**-3phys.densityfloate_npUncertainty in npint1000cm**-3stat.errordoublenex? Excitation density (1)1000cm**-3phys.densityfloatnullablee_nex? Uncertainty in nex1000cm**-3stat.errorfloatnullableSigmaSurface density {Sigma} from integrated flux0.01cm**-2src.densityfloate_SigmaUncertainty in Sigma0.01cm**-2stat.errorfloatNNH3NH_3_ column density1e+14cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloate_NNH3Uncertainty in NNH31e+14cm**-2stat.errordoubleNH2aAverage H_2_ column density1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloate_NH2aUncertainty in NH2a1e+21cm**-2stat.errordoubleNH2bBeam H_2_ column density from peak1e+22cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloate_NH2bUncertainty in NH2b1e+22cm**-2stat.errorfloatXNH3NH_3_ column density as described in Dunham et al. (2010ApJ...717.1157D)phys.columnDensityfloate_XNH3Uncertainty in XNH3stat.errordouble