J/ApJ/738/79ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/738/79doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17380079CDSXue X.-X.Rix H.-W.Yanny B.Beers T.C.Bell E.F.Zhao G.,Bullock J.S.Johnston K.V.Morrison H.Rockosi C.Koposov S.E.,Kang X.Liu C.Luo A.Lee Y.S.Weaver B.A.2017-11-06T12:23:29Z2013-07-22T14:12:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyvisible-astronomysloan-photometryradial-velocityhorizontal-branch-starshalo-starsWe present and analyze the positions, distances, and radial velocities for over 4000 blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars in the Milky Way's halo, drawn from SDSS DR8. We search for position-velocity substructure in these data, a signature of the hierarchical assembly of the stellar halo. Using a cumulative "close pair distribution" as a statistic in the four-dimensional space of sky position, distance, and velocity, we quantify the presence of position-velocity substructure at high statistical significance among the BHB stars: pairs of BHB stars that are close in position on the sky tend to have more similar distances and radial velocities compared to a random sampling of these overall distributions. We make analogous mock observations of 11 numerical halo formation simulations, in which the stellar halo is entirely composed of disrupted satellite debris, and find a level of substructure comparable to that seen in the actually observed BHB star sample. This result quantitatively confirms the hierarchical build-up of the stellar halo through a signature in phase (position-velocity) space. In detail, the structure present in the BHB stars is somewhat less prominent than that seen in most simulated halos, quite possibly because BHB stars represent an older sub-population. BHB stars located beyond 20kpc from the Galactic center exhibit stronger substructure than at r_gc_<20kpc.2011ApJ...738...79Xhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/738/79CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/306 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 8 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2011)J/A+A/522/A88 : Photometric identification of BHB stars (Smith+, 2010)J/AJ/140/1694 : Abundances of non-variable red and blue HB stars (For+, 2010)J/AJ/137/3198 : New samples of BHB stars in the Milky Way (Kinman+, 2009)J/AJ/135/564 : Photometry and spectroscopy of BHB candidates (Brown+, 2008)J/ApJ/684/1143 : BHB candidates in the Milky Way (Xue+, 2008)J/AJ/130/1097 : Century Survey Galactic Halo Project BHB stars (Brown+, 2005)J/AJ/127/899 : Blue HB stars in SDSS (Sirko+, 2004)J/MNRAS/352/285 : u(bj)r + BV photometry of blue HB stars (Clewley+, 2004)J/A+AS/109/171 : Blue horizontal branch stars catalog (Flynn+, 1995)J/AJ/108/1722 : Blue horizontal branch stars (Kinman+ 1994)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/738/79https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/738/79http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/738/79https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/738/79https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/738/79http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/738/79GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/738/79/table1 (*List of 4985 blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars selected from SDSS DR8)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/738/79/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/738/79/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/738/79/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true331.04739396.29242810.0055555555555555565/7 181 425 574 1027 1302 1338 1357 1435 1813 1878 2129 2131 2132 2135 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31710 31712 31713 31715 31723 31724 31726 31727 31728 31729 31731 31732 31737 31738 31739 31742 31884 31886 31908 31910 32055 32061 32098 32108 32177 32397 32399 32403 32408 32409 32410 32413 32414 32415 32422 32423 32429 32431 32432 32433 32434 32458 32459 32460 32477 32478 32479 32484 32486 32494 32506 32507 32519 32525 32528 32530 32531 32536 32537 32538 32547 32550 32553 32554 32555 32641 32644 32650 32672 32680 32682 32683 32685 32691 32702 36719 36723 36732 36734 36766 36773 36775 36776 36777 36779 36783 36784 36786 36787 36792 36805 36806 36809 36811 36817 36861 36862 36863 45046 45050 48857 48859 48860 48862 48863 48879 48892 48894 49010 49011 49012 49014 49015 49017 49019 49020 49022 49079 49085 49103 49128 49129 49149 49150https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/738/79?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/738/79/table1*List of 4985 blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars selected from SDSS DR8SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlateSDSS-DR8 platemeta.noteintMJDSDSS modified Julian datetime.epochintFiberSDSS-DR8 fibermeta.noteintRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLON[0.02/359.85] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-81.32/88.37] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoublegmag[12.6/20.1] Extinction-corrected g band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatu-g(u-g) color index after extinction correctionmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloatg-r(g-r) color index after extinction correctionmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatD0.2H{delta} line width at 20% below local continuum0.1nmspect.line.width;em.line.HdeltafloatfmH{delta} line flux relative to continuum at line corephot.flux;em.line.Hdelta;spect.linefloatcHgThe c of H{gamma} linestat.fit.paramfloatbHgThe b of H{gamma} line0.1nmstat.fit.paramfloatd[2.3/77.1] Distance to the Sun (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatrDistance to the Galactic center (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatxGalactocentric x-position (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatyGalactocentric y-position (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatzGalactocentric z-postiion (1)kpcphot.color;pos.galactocentricfloatHRV[-476.2/456.4] Heliocentic radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_HRV[0.9/22.5] Error in HRVkm/sstat.errorfloatVgalGalactocentric radial velocity (1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.galactocentricfloatDR8Display the SDSS-DR8 photometric catalog (II/306) within 1.5"meta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the SDSS online data for this starmeta.ref.urlchar