J/AJ/170/68ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/68CDSVowell N.Rodriguez J.E.Latham D.W.Quinn S.N.Schulte J.,Eastman J.D.Bieryla A.Barkaoui K.Ciardi D.R.Collins K.A.,Girardin E.Hebrard G.Heldridge E.Jafariyazani M.Kotten B.,Mancini L.Murgas F.Narita N.Radford D.J.Relles H.M.Shporer A.,Soares-Furtado M.Strakhov I.A.Ziegler C.Boisse I.Briceno C.,Calkins M.L.Clark C.A.Collins K.I.de Leon J.Esquerdo G.A.,Fajardo-Acosta S.B.Forveille T.Fukui A.Watkins C.N.He R.,Heidari N.Horne K.Jenkins J.M.Mann A.W.Naponiello L.Palle E.,Schwarz R.P.Seager S.Southworth J.Srdoc G.Swift J.J.Winn J.N.2026-05-21T13:41:48Z2026-05-21T14:20:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbrown-dwarfsradial-velocityspectroscopyvisible-astronomyexoplanetsWe present the discovery of 11 new transiting brown dwarfs (BDs) and low-mass M dwarfs from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission: TOI-2844, TOI-3122, TOI-3577, TOI-3755, TOI-4462, TOI-4635, TOI-4737, TOI-4759, TOI-5240, TOI-5467, and TOI-5882. They consist of five BD companions and six very-low-mass stellar companions ranging in mass from 25M_J_ to 128M_J_. We used a combination of photometric time-series, spectroscopic, and high-resolution imaging follow-up as a part of the TESS Follow-up Observing Program (or TFOP) to characterize each system. With over 50 transiting BDs confirmed, we now have a large enough sample to directly test different formation and evolutionary scenarios. We provide a renewed perspective on the transiting "brown dwarf desert" and its role in differentiating between planetary and stellar formation mechanisms. Our analysis of the eccentricity distribution for the transiting BD sample does not support previous claims of a transition between planetary and stellar formation at ~42M_J_. We also contribute a first look into the metallicity distribution of transiting companions in the range 7-150M_J_, showing that this does not support a ~42M_J_ transition too. Finally, we also detect a significant lithium absorption feature in one of the BD hosts (TOI-5882). However, we determine that the host star is likely old based on rotation, kinematic, and photometric measurements. We therefore claim that TOI-5882 may be a candidate for planetary engulfment.2025AJ....170...68Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/68CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/A+A/398/363 : Statistical properties of exoplanets II (Santos+, 2003)J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/ApJ/640/1051 : 25pc sample of Sun-like stars (Grether+, 2006)J/A+A/505/853 : HD16760 radial velocity curve (Bouchy+, 2009)J/ApJ/710/1724 : Follow-up photometry for HAT-P-11 (Bakos+, 2010)J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)J/ApJ/756/L33 : RVs of 2 hot Jupiters in Praesepe (Quinn+, 2012)J/ApJS/225/15 : IR excess stars from Tycho-2 and AllWISE (Cotten+, 2016)J/AJ/153/136 : Planets & their host stars with Gaia parallaxes (Stassun+, 2017)J/MNRAS/477/3406 : HATS-39b, 40b, 41b and 42b transit data (Bento+, 2018)J/AJ/156/234 : KELT transit false positive catalog for TESS (Collins+, 2018)J/AJ/156/102 : The TESS Input Catalog & Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)J/AJ/157/85 : The CIDA Variability Survey of Orion OB1. II. (Briceno+, 2019)J/A+A/630/A89 : WASP-12b and WASP-43b griz light curves (Parviainen+, 2019)J/AJ/159/255 : Obs. & radial velocity of WASP-150 & WASP-176 (Cooke+, 2020)J/A+A/636/A98 : WASP-18A, WASP-19, WASP-77A photometry (Cortes-Zuleta+, 2020)J/AN/341/996 : Stellar companions of (C)TOIs (Mugrauer+, 2020)J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)J/AJ/161/97 : Radial Velocities of TOI-811 and TOI-852 (Carmichael+, 2021)J/A+A/652/A127 : 13-150MJ eclipsing binaries transiting comp. (Grieves+, 2021)J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)J/AN/342/840 : Stellar companions of (C)TOIs (Mugrauer+, 2021)J/ApJ/923/177 : TESS obs. & rot. periods of T Tauri in Orion (Serna+, 2021)J/AJ/161/171 : THYME. V. Discovering a new stellar assoc. (Tofflemire+, 2021)J/ApJS/259/33 : Faint-star TOIs from the TESS Primary Mission (Kunimoto+, 2022)J/AJ/166/271 : FEROS spectra for 3 giants exoplanets (Eberhardt+, 2023)J/AJ/165/268 : Radial velocity & rotation period of HIP 33069b (Vowell+, 2023)J/ApJS/271/16 : Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass surv. IV. (Dalba+, 2024)J/A+A/681/A55 : HD88986 radial velocity curves (Heidari+, 2024)J/AJ/167/109 : TOI-1994 radial velocities with MINERVA & CHIRON (Page+, 2024)J/MNRAS/528/5703 : 23 low mass stars photometry (Swayne+, 2024)J/A+A/694/A36 : Velocity curves of 7 transiting systems (Heidari+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/68https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/68GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/68/targets (List of targets (Table added by CDS))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/68/targets?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/68/targets?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/68/targets?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true110.203240813.01871080.0055555555555555566/3434 13283 14053 14543 17916 20864 20958 22497 24395 32727 44142https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/68?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/170/68/targetsList of targets (Table added by CDS)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTargetTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryPerOrbital period of planetary companion (from Tables 6 & 7 of the paper)dtime.perioddoubleFlag[*] *=Bimodal models with high and low-mass solutions (1)meta.code.errorcharnRVNumber of radial velocity measurements for this target (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullableRVRadial velocity plotmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/170/68/table4Radial velocity measurementsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTargetTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharBJD[2459395/2460500] Barycentric Julian Date in Barycentric Dynamical Timedtime.epochdoubleRVel[-25093/20205] Radial velocitym/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublee_RVel[5.8/1791.21] Uncertainty in RVm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatSpecSpectrograph (1)meta.id;instrchar