J/AJ/170/43ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/43CDSTurner S.K.Stephens D.C.Scoresby C.B.Miller J.A.2026-04-27T12:04:01Z2026-04-27T12:53:17ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frspectroscopyvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomybrown-dwarfsl-dwarfsWe fit archival near-IR spectra of ~300 brown dwarfs with atmosphere models from the Sonora and Phoenix groups. Using the parameters of the best- fit models as estimates for the physical properties of the brown dwarfs in our sample, we have performed a survey of how brown dwarf atmospheres evolve with spectral type and temperature. We present the fit results and observed trends. We find that clouds have a more significant impact on near-IR spectra than disequilibrium chemistry, and that silicate clouds influence the near-IR spectrum through the late T types. We note where current atmosphere models are able to replicate the data and where the models and data conflict. We also categorize objects with similar spectral morphologies into families and discuss possible causes for their unique spectral traits. We identify two spectral families with morphologies that are likely indicative of binarity.2025AJ....170...43Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/43CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/AJ/123/3409 : SDSS M, L, and T dwarfs (Hawley+, 2002)J/AJ/126/2487 : T dwarfs in the southern hemisphere (Burgasser+, 2003)J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)J/AJ/127/2856 : Brown dwarfs in the 2MASS Survey (Burgasser+, 2004)J/AJ/127/3553 : JHK phot. and spectroscopy for L and T dwarfs (Knapp+, 2004)J/ApJ/637/1067 : Near-IR spectral class. of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)J/AJ/131/2722 : New L and T dwarfs from the SDSS (Chiu+, 2006)J/PASP/118/659 : RI photometry of 2MASS late M and L dwarfs (Liebert+, 2006)J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)J/AJ/134/1162 : 11 new T dwarfs in 2MASS (Looper+, 2007)J/ApJ/689/1295 : Li test implications for brown dwarfs (Kirkpatrick+, 2008)J/ApJ/676/1281 : L and T dwarfs in 2MASS/SDSS (Metchev+, 2008)J/MNRAS/383/831 : New DENIS nearby L and late-M dwarfs (Phan-Bao+, 2008)J/AJ/136/1290 : Ultracool dwarfs from the 2MASS (Reid+, 2008)J/A+A/497/619 : New ultra-cool dwarfs from SDSS and 2MASS (Zhang+, 2009)J/ApJ/710/1142 : SpeX spectro. of low mass binaries. I. (Burgasser+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)J/AJ/139/1808 : Colors and kinematics of SDSS L dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2010)J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)J/ApJ/752/56 : BDKP. III. Parallaxes for 70 ultracool dwarfs (Faherty+, 2012)J/ApJ/746/23 : Radio observations of ultracool dwarf stars (McLean+, 2012)J/MNRAS/428/2824 : Rapid optical variability in ultracool dwarfs (Koen, 2013)J/ApJ/794/143 : New SpeX Observations of M7-L6 Dwarfs (Bardalez+, 2014)J/AJ/147/34 : SpeX library of L-type dwarfs (Schneider+, 2014)J/ApJS/219/33 : BANYAN. VII. Candidate YMG members from BASS (Gagne+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/3651 : L and T dwarfs from UKIDSS LAS (Marocco+, 2015)J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)J/ApJ/833/96 : Hawaii IR parallax program. II. Ultracool dwarfs (Liu+, 2016)J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitor. of ultracool dwarf binaries (Dupuy+, 2017)J/AJ/155/34 : Analysis of the NIR spectra of neighboring L dwarfs (Cruz+, 2018)J/MNRAS/481/3548 : Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects (Smart+, 2018)J/ApJ/883/205 : Ultracool SpeXtroscopic surv. I. M7-L5 sample (Bardalez+, 2019)J/AJ/157/101 : Cloud Atlas: HST/WFC3 NIR spectral library (Manjavacas+, 2019)J/AJ/159/257 : Hawaii IR parallax prog. IV. L0-T8 BDs with UKIRT (Best+, 2020)J/AJ/160/63 : IR spectra of 5 brown dwarfs with Gemini North IRS (Miles+, 2020)J/AJ/161/42 : Volume-limited samp of cool dwarfs. I. L0-T8 dwarfs (Best+, 2021)J/ApJS/253/7 : Full-sky census of brown dwarfs within 20pc (Kirkpatrick+, 2021)J/MNRAS/513/5701 : Silicate clouds in ultracool dwarfs (Suarez+, 2022)J/ApJ/943/L16 : Keck/NIRES sp. of CWISE J050626.96+073842.4 (Schneider+, 2023)http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15314197 : Zenodo repository from this workhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/43https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/43http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/43https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/43https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/43http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/43GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/43/table9 (List of all 301 archival spectra used in this project)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/43/table9?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/43/table9?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/43/table9?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.056436925.90501810.0055555555555555566/223 320 322 439 496 544 548 628 733 736 749 763 771 1765 2083 2291 2538 4116 4253 4267 4316 4453 4689 4709 4719 4783 4790 4825 4875 4948 5065 5077 5211 5317 5320 5325 5373 5390 5413 5551 5560 5569 5666 5718 5919 6163 6261 6597 6613 6625 6629 6783 7033 7204 7220 7291 7364 7369 7592 7786 7821 8223 8348 8371 8402 8475 8478 8480 8495 8503 8625 8715 8719 8727 8746 8794 8901 9009 9063 9072 9136 9173 9318 9569 9597 9642 9715 9784 9810 9914 9959 9986 10002 10072 10445 10628 10654 10718 11090 11164 11205 11257 11292 11450 11453-11454 11587 11693 11834 11940 12380 12430 12466 12541 12579 12592 12755 13341 13425 13544 13678 13842 13885 15085 15097 15144 15651 15775 15924 15982 16850 16873 17075 17166 17313 17424 17501 17530 17814 18032 18156 18203 18266 18281 18300 18595 18683 18719 18866 19090 19121 19144 19647 19747 19813 19857 19895 19912 19942 20141 20250 20273 20326 20374 20415 20993 21157 21296 21861 21880 22300 22521 22681 22759 22810 22861 23274 24573 24605 24631 24694 25015 25085 25100 25314 25443 25515 25853 26020 26196 26210 26248 26300 26579 26861 27058 27074 27201 27395 27414 27493 27514 27653 27685 27698 27730 27984 28277 28316 28344 28346 28471 28498 28519 28530 29987 30061 30749 30919 31009 31011 31062 31319 31411 31419 31690 31698 31714 31871 31992 32337 32426 32457 32462 32554 32574 32648 33767 34196 34291 34428 34780 35202 35495 35499 35518 35538 35572 35630 35902 35906 36004 36072 36418 36560 36602 36640 36740 36821 38176 38363 38472 38683 39482 39683 40228 40332 40397 40669 40738 40882 42635 42739 43482 43856 43966 44118 44286 44807 44929 46334 46376 46384 46607 46846 47012 47357 47640 47906 48300 48409 48593 48759 48907 48957 48990 49077 49139-491408.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/43?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/170/43/table9List of all 301 archival spectra used in this projectrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharONameAlternate namemeta.idcharOTypeOptical spectral type (1)src.spType;em.optcharIRTypeNear-IR spectral type (1)src.spType;em.IRcharJmag[12.4/18.3] 2MASS J Vega magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag[11.5/16.7] 2MASS H Vega magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsmag[11.0/17.1] 2MASS Ks Vega magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatplx[13.5/205.5]? Parallax, SIMPLE Database (see references)pos.parallaxdoublenullableSourcesSources (2)meta.bibcharCat2MASSLink to 2MASS (II/246) sources within 2"meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RAPositions from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main