J/AJ/170/133ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/133CDSBiswas S.Jiang I.-G.Yeh L.-C.Liu H.-M.Parthasarathy K.,Sariya D.P.Bisht D.Bisht M.S.Raj A.2026-06-18T11:20:38Z2026-06-18T12:18:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsphotometryvisible-astronomyIn this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of transit timing variations (TTVs) in the ultrashort-period gas giant WASP-19b, which orbits a G-type main-sequence star. Our analysis is based on a data set comprising 204 transit light curves (LCs) obtained from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the Exoplanet Transit Database, and the ExoClock project, supplemented by 18 publicly available LCs. Mid-transit times were extracted from these data, and an additional 98 mid-transit times compiled from the literature were incorporated, resulting in a combined data set spanning 14 yr. After excluding LCs significantly impacted by stellar activity, such as starspot anomalies, the final data set consisted of 252 high-quality mid-transit times. Initial inspection of the transit timing residuals using an apsidal precession model suggested the possible presence of an additional planetary companion. However, subsequent frequency analysis and sinusoidal model fitting indicate that the observed TTVs are more consistently explained by apsidal precession of WASP-19b's orbit. We also considered alternative mechanisms, including the Applegate mechanism and the Shklovskii effect. Our findings suggest that stellar magnetic activity, potentially linked to the Applegate mechanism, may also contribute to the observed timing variations. To further constrain the origin of the TTVs and assess the contributions of these mechanisms, continued high-precision photometric monitoring of the WASP-19 system is strongly recommended.2025AJ....170..133Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/133CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toIV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)J/ApJ/692/L9 : Tidal evolution of transit. extrasolar planets (Levrard+, 2009)J/A+A/508/1011 : Planetary transit of TrES-1 and TrES-2 (Rabus+, 2009)J/A+A/513/L3 : H-band thermal emission of exoplanet WASP-19b (Anderson+, 2010)J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)J/A+A/553/A49 : WASP-19b secondary eclipses (Abe+, 2013)J/A+A/552/A2 : WASP-19b light curves (Lendl+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A108 : Multi-site obs. of WASP-12 b transit (Maciejewski+, 2013)J/MNRAS/436/2 : Transits of WASP-19b (Mancini+, 2013)J/MNRAS/428/3671 : Transiting planet WASP-19b (Tregloan-Reed+, 2013)J/MNRAS/440/1470 : Ji light curves of WTS-2 (Birkby+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/AJ/151/17 : Eight transiting light curves of WASP-43b (Jiang+, 2016)J/A+A/588/L6 : WASP-12 transit light curves (Maciejewski+ 2016)J/A+A/602/A107 : 231 transiting planets eccentricity and mass (Bonomo+, 2017)J/A+A/600/A30 : Limb-darkening for TESS satellite (Claret, 2017)J/AJ/154/4 : Times of transits and occultations of WASP-12b (Patra+, 2017)J/AJ/153/191 : Transiting planet GJ 1132 (Southworth+, 2017)J/AcA/68/371 : WASP and KELT planet transits (Maciejewski+, 2018)J/AJ/155/165 : Dissipation in exoplanet hosts from tidal spin-up (Penev+, 2018)J/AJ/156/102 : The TESS Input Catalog & Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)J/AJ/157/217 : Transit times of five hot Jupiter WASP exoplanets (Bouma+, 2019)J/AJ/158/190 : Main sequence hot Jup. hosts with good astrometry (Hamer+, 2019)J/MNRAS/490/4230 : Transiting planet WASP-4b (Southworth+, 2019)J/ApJ/893/L29 : WASP-4 RVs & hot Jup. predicted period changes (Bouma+, 2020)J/A+A/636/A98 : WASP-18A, WASP-19, WASP-77A photometry (Cortes-Zuleta+, 2020)J/AJ/159/150 : Transit times of 11 hot Jupiters (Patra+, 2020)J/ApJ/888/L5 : Transits, occultation times and RVs of WASP-12b (Yee+, 2020)J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)J/A+A/656/A88 : TrES-5 photometric timeseries (Maciejewski+, 2021)J/AJ/161/108 : R-band light curve of Qatar-1 (Su+, 2021)J/AJ/161/72 : 180 Transit and occultation times for WASP-12b (Turner+, 2021)J/AJ/163/77 : R and B photometry of hot Jupiter HAT-P-37b (A-thano+, 2022)J/A+A/657/A52 : CHEOPS transit light curves of WASP-103 b (Barros+, 2022)J/AJ/164/220 : 10 exoplanets from the Exoplanet Transit Database (Hagey+, 2022)J/ApJS/259/62 : TESS transit timing of hot Jupiters (Ivshina+, 2022)J/AJ/163/281 : Radial velocity, transit & occultation of WASP-4 (Turner+, 2022)J/AJ/166/223 : SPEARNET normalized photometry of HAT-P-26 (A-thano+, 2023)J/A+A/669/A124 : KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, WASP-4 b and HD 97658 (Harre+, 2023)J/ApJS/265/4 : ExoClock project. III. 450 exoplanet ephemerides (Kokori+, 2023)J/A+A/685/A63 : WASP-12b CHEOPS light curves (Akinsanmi+, 2024)J/AJ/168/176 : TrES-2b: midtransit times and timing residuals (Biswas+, 2024)J/A+A/686/A84 : WASP-12b photometric data (Leonardi+, 2024)J/A+A/692/A35 : Photometric timeseries and transit times (Maciejewski+, 2024)J/ApJS/270/14 : Transit times of hot Jupiters from TESS (Wang+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/133https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/133http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/133https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/133https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/133http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/133GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/170/133/table4Best-fit values of parameters for 205 transit light curves of WASP-19b using TAPrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpoch[1038/7145] Epoch numbertime.epochintSourceSource of data (1)meta.id;meta.datasetcharPerOrbital perioddtime.perioddoubleE_Per[3e-8/1.6e-7] The upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in Perioddstat.error;stat.max;time.perioddoublee_Per[5e-8/1.9e-7] The lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in Perioddstat.error;stat.min;time.perioddoubleTime[2455594/2460412] Mid-transit time; Barycentric Julian Date in Barycentric Dynamical Timedtime.epochdoubleE_Time[4.2e-4/1.8e-3] The upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in Timedstat.error;stat.max;time.epochdoublee_Time[4.3e-4/8.9e-2] The lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in Timedstat.error;stat.min;time.epochdoublei[80/80.1] Orbital inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_i[0.22/0.36] The upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in incdegstat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.inclinationfloate_i[0.25/0.39] The lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in incdegstat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.inclinationfloata/R*[3.5/3.8] Scaled semi-major axis in stellar radiusphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatE_a/R*[0.02/0.04] The upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in a/R*stat.error;stat.max;phys.angSize.smajAxisfloate_a/R*[0.02/0.04] The lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in a/R*stat.error;stat.min;phys.angSize.smajAxisfloatRp/R*[0.12/0.151] Ratio of planet to star radiusphys.size.radius;arith.ratiofloatE_Rp/R*[2.2e-3/9e-3] The upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in Rp/R*stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloate_Rp/R*[2.3e-3/9.2e-3] The lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in Rp/R*stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatu1[0.3/0.6] Linear limb-darkening coefficientphot.limbDarkfloatE_u1[0.027/0.028] The upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in u1stat.error;stat.max;phot.limbDarkfloate_u1[0.027/0.028] The lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in u1stat.error;stat.min;phot.limbDarkfloatu2[0.21/0.35] Quadratic limb-darkening coefficientphot.limbDarkfloatE_u2[0.023/0.026] The upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in u2stat.error;stat.max;phot.limbDarkfloate_u2[0.023/0.026] The lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in u2stat.error;stat.min;phot.limbDarkfloatJ/AJ/170/133/table6Mid-transit times and timing residuals for all 252 transit light curves of WASP-19brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpoch[0/7145] Epoch numbertime.epochintTime[2454775/2460412] Mid-transit time; Barycentric Julian Date in Barycentric Dynamical Timedtime.epochdoublee_Time[4e-5/3.4e-3] Uncertainty in Timedstat.error;time.epochdoubleO-C[-3.7e-3/2.7e-3] Timing residual of linear model fitdstat.fit.residual;time.epochdoubleTRESCAID? TRESCA ID of ETD light curvesmeta.id;meta.datasetnullableTransSourceTransit sourcemeta.bibcharTransBibADS bibcode for transit sourcemeta.bib.bibcodecharTimeSourceMid-transit time sourcemeta.bibcharTimeBibADS bibcode for timing sourcemeta.bib.bibcodechar