J/AJ/169/115ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/169/115CDSWei X.Chen J.Zhang SuHe F.Zhao Y.He X.Fang Y.Chen X.,Yang H.2026-06-24T08:39:54Z2025-12-05T10:22:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersphotometryvisible-astronomyastrometryIn the era of a data-driven landscape, the development of an efficient and interpretable method has become a pivotal tool for robustly identifying memberships of clusters. We present a novel cluster finder approach called forest fire clustering (FFC). FFC combines iterative label propagation with parallel Monte Carlo simulation to achieve internal validation of clustering results. We use a Gaia DR3 catalog comprising 322 random objects with distinct heliocentric distances from approximately 0 to 5kpc, along with one ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Bootes I (~63kpc), as our validation sample. We compare the performance of FFC with that of DBSCAN and HDBSCAN on this data set by configuring them into the same processing pipeline for identifying star members. Our results indicate that FFC outperforms the two others in terms of the quality of clusters, particularly for clusters located at distances greater than 2kpc. Additionally, FFC demonstrates robust performance and efficiency. Based on the high-quality clusters derived from FFC, we provide a detailed analysis of cluster properties. We determine various cluster parameters, including age, mass, [Fe/H], distance modulus, reddening, and binary fraction. Furthermore, dynamic properties are reliably estimated through the fitting of radial density profiles and theoretical models. This study suggests that FFC is a suitable tool for identifying reliable memberships of stellar systems, highlighting the discovery of more distant clusters and enabling the identification of high-quality clusters to accurately uncover cluster properties.2025AJ....169..115Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/169/115CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/A+A/376/441 : Absolute proper motions of 112 open clusters (Dias+, 2001)J/A+A/485/303 : Radial velocities for 1309 stars & 166 OCl (Mermilliod+, 2008)J/A+A/585/A101 : Milky Way global surv. of star clusters.V. (Kharchenko+, 2016)J/MNRAS/478/1520 : Milky Way globular clusters data (Baumgardt+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A59 : GaiaDR2 confirmed new nearby open clust. (Castro-Ginard+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A12 : Gaia DR2 sources in GC and dSph (Gaia Collaboration+, 2018)J/MNRAS/480/5242 : (non-)existence of five sparse open clusters (Kos+, 2018)J/A+A/627/A35 : New open clusters in Gal. anti-centre (Castro-Ginard+, 2019)J/ApJS/245/32 : Newly identified star clusters in Gaia DR2 (Liu+, 2019)J/A+A/633/A99 : GaiaDR2 open clust. in the Milky Way. II (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)J/A+A/635/A45 : 570 new open clust. in the Galactic disc (Castro-Ginard+, 2020)J/MNRAS/504/356 : Updated parameters of 1743 open clusters (Dias+, 2021)J/A+A/646/A104 : Improving the open cluster census. I. (Hunt+, 2021)J/MNRAS/505/5978 : Gaia EDR3 view on Galactic globular clust. (Vasiliev+, 2021)J/A+A/661/A118 : 628 new open clust. found with OCfinder (Castro-Ginard+, 2022)J/A+A/659/A59 : Structural param. of 389 local open clusters (Tarricq+, 2022)J/AJ/164/54 : Gaia structural parameters of 256 open clusters (Zhong+, 2022)J/ApJS/266/36 : Open star clusters within 5kpc in Gaia DR3 (Chi+, 2023)J/A+A/673/A114 : Improving the open cluster census. II. (Hunt+, 2023)J/ApJS/265/12 : Neighboring open clusters with Gaia DR3 (Qin+, 2023)J/AJ/167/12 : Open cluster parameters with ANN (Cavallo+, 2024)J/A+A/686/A42 : Improving the open cluster census. III. (Hunt+, 2024)J/A+A/684/A205 : Identification of globular cluster escaped stars (Xu+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/115https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/115http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/115https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/115https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/115http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/115GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/169/115/param (Structural parameters of 280 clusters and 1 dwarf galaxy (Tables 4 and 5))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/115/param?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/115/param?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/115/param?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true13.3606425149.530571080.0055555555555555566/463 1302 1326 1334 1464 1482 1539 1582 1661 1717 1825 1854 1913 2395 2436 2785 2859 2940 2948 3045 3063 3136 3186 3230-3231 3254 3308 3317 3595 3604 3632 3712 3796 3848 4078 4298 4698 6149 8745 12990 13096 13198 13559 13786 13962 14013 14033 14058 14098 14229 14243 14267 14322 14338 14346 14363 14403-14404 14410 14571 14603 14630 14642 14689 14692 14696-14697 14732 14752 14878 15121 15376 15396 15430 15432 15595 15662 15683 15693 15759 16193 16490 20764 20797 20820 20853 20924 21428 21439 21495 21523 21529 21531 21538 21557 21633 21656 21658 21682 21927 22034 22058 22123 22211 22216 22305 22800 22862 22871 22895 23410 23637 23717 23979 24121 24228 24291 24345 24522 28682 28709 28711 28715-28716 28800 28806-28807 28818 28824 28874 28889-28890 28901 28973 29032 29035 29038 29078 29081 29088 29101 29154 29164 29269 29498 29779 30208 30216 30235 30439 30635 30697 31071 31790 31812 31864 32111 32541 33321 37230 37297 37332 37351 37642 37695 37705 37725 37745 37789 37814 37820 37859 37863 37865 37892 37901 37920 37926 37933 37938 37942 38018 38021 38024 38049 38051 38465 39005 39133 39160 39181 39191 39216 39251 39254 39257 39283 39290 39300 39309 39356 39364 39372 39374 39548 39715 39770 39775-39776 39779 39862 39867 39871 39879 39901 39912 39956 40101 40104 40106 40625 41461 41466 41557 41577 41583 41595 41599 41652 41669-41670 41672 41675-41676 41679 41688 41697 41699 41747 41770-41771 41775 41789 41829 41834 41863 41995 42135 42147 42153 42170 42177 42197 42203 42207 42209 42213 42216 42225 42227 42274 42365 42374 42376 42394 42402 42464 42470 42583 42955 43024 43031 43033 43036 43048 43050https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/169/115?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/169/115/paramStructural parameters of 280 clusters and 1 dwarf galaxy (Tables 4 and 5)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifiermeta.id;meta.maincharFlagThis target is a dwarf galaxymeta.codecharRAICRSRight Ascension, median cluster, Gaia DR3 (I/355), ICRS at Epoch=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEICRSDeclination, median cluster, Gaia DR3 (I/355), ICRS at Epoch=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRA[-36/23] Median cluster Gaia DR3 (I/355) proper motion in RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDE[-45.5/15.4] Median cluster Gaia DR3 (I/355) proper motion in Dec.mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleplx[-0.034/7.4] Median cluster Gaia DR3 (I/355) parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdouble[Fe/H][-2/0.5] Cluster Metallicityphys.abund.Fedoublee_[Fe/H][0.125] Uncertainty in [Fe/H] (always 0.125)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatlogAge[6.4/10.2] Cluster agelog(yr)time.agedoublee_logAge[0.16/0.27] Uncertainty in logAgelog(yr)stat.error;time.agedoublem-M[5.7/19.3] Cluster distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModdoubleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablee_m-M[0.13/0.45] Uncertainty in m-Mmagstat.error;phot.mag.distModdoubleE(BP-RP)[1e-3/1.94] Cluster reddeningmagphot.color.excessdoublee_E(BP-RP)[6e-5/0.12] Uncertainty in E (BP-RP)magstat.error;phot.color.excessdoubleAVmag[2e-3/4.71] Cluster extinction in the V bandmagphys.absorptiondoublee_AVmag[1e-4/0.29] Uncertainty in AVmagmagstat.error;phys.absorptiondoubleRc[0.79/168.4]? Core radius (1)pcphys.size.radiusdoublenullablee_Rc[0.01/23]? Uncertainty in Rc (1)pcstat.error;phys.size.radiusdoublenullableRt[1.8/1505]? Tidal radius (1)pcphys.size.radiusdoublenullablee_Rt[0.05/2020]? Uncertainty in Rt (1)pcstat.error;phys.size.radiusdoublenullableR50Mem[0.6/142] Radius containing half of cluster memberspcphys.size.radiusdoubleR50Mass[0.9/29.1]? Half-mass radius (2)pcphys.size.radiusdoublenullableRJ[4.5/31.2]? Jacobi Radius (2)pcphys.size.radiusdoublenullablee_RJ[0.29/2.1]? Uncertainty in RJ (2)pcstat.error;phys.size.radiusdoublenullableMass[56/12122]? Total mass of the cluster, solar units (2)solMassmeta.unit;phys.massintnullablee_Mass[11/2424]? Uncertainty in Mass (2)solMassstat.error;phys.massintnullablefbin[0.1/0.8]? Binary fraction (2)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableTrlx[1.9/435.1]? Relaxation time (2)Myrtime.relaxdoublenullablee_Trlx[0.016/3.18]? Uncertainty in trlx (2)Myrstat.error;time.relaxdoublenullable