J/AJ/168/93ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/168/93doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51680093CDSJones S.E.Stefansson G.Masuda K.Libby-Roberts J.E.Gardner C.N.,Holcomb R.Beard C.Robertson P.Canas C.I.Mahadevan S.Kanodia S.,Lin A.S.J.Kobulnicky H.A.Parker B.A.Bender C.F.Cochran W.D.,Diddams S.A.Fernandes R.B.Gupta A.F.Halverson S.Hawley S.L.,Hearty F.R.Hebb L.Kowalski A.Lubin J.Monson A.Ninan J.P.,Ramsey L.Roy A.Schwab C.Terrien R.C.Wisniewski J.2025-03-03T20:09:22Z2025-01-17T13:01:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometrymultiple-starsexoplanetsradial-velocityinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyWe report the discovery of a close-in (Porb=3.349days) warm Neptune with clear transit timing variations (TTVs) orbiting the nearby (d=47.3pc) active M4 star, TOI-2015. We characterize the planet's properties using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry, precise near-infrared radial velocities (RVs) with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder Spectrograph, ground-based photometry, and high-contrast imaging. A joint photometry and RV fit yields a radius Rp=3.37_-0.20_^+0.15^R_{Earth}_, mass mp=16.4_-4.1_^+4.1^M_{Earth}_, and density {rho}p=2.32_-0.37_^+0.38^g/cm^3^ for TOI-2015 b, suggesting a likely volatile-rich planet. The young, active host star has a rotation period of Prot=8.7+/-0.9days and associated rotation-based age estimate of 1.1+/-0.1Gyr. Though no other transiting planets are seen in the TESS data, the system shows clear TTVs of super-period Psup~430days and amplitude ~100min. After considering multiple likely period-ratio models, we show an outer planet candidate near a 2:1 resonance can explain the observed TTVs while offering a dynamically stable solution. However, other possible two-planet solutions --including 3:2 and 4:3 resonances-- cannot be conclusively excluded without further observations. Assuming a 2:1 resonance in the joint TTV-RV modeling suggests a mass of m_b_=13.3_-4.5_^+4.7^M_{Earth}_ for TOI-2015 b and m_c_=6.8_-2.3_^+3.5^M_{Earth}_ for the outer candidate. Additional transit and RV observations will be beneficial to explicitly identify the resonance and further characterize the properties of the system.2024AJ....168...93Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/168/93CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toII/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)J/ApJ/703/L99 : Outlandish orbit of HAT-P-7b (Winn+, 2009)J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)J/ApJ/757/18 : RVs for 16 hot Jupiter host stars (Albrecht+, 2012)J/AJ/145/102 : Sp. of bright M dwarfs in the northern sky (Lepine+, 2013)J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in the CDFS (Buchner+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/3 : MEarth mid-to-late M dwarfs rot. & kinematics (West+, 2015)J/A+A/586/A75 : Simulations of hot gas planets atmospheres (Salz+, 2016)J/AJ/154/64 : Transit times of Kepler-448b and Kepler-693b (Masuda, 2017)J/AJ/153/96 : Standard Galactic field RR Lyrae. I. Phot. (Monson+, 2017)J/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN {Sigma} algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)J/AJ/155/180 : A catalog of cool dwarf targets for the TESS (Muirhead+, 2018)J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)J/AJ/158/133 : Transit timing and light curves for K2-146 (Hamann+, 2019)J/AJ/158/75 : Mid-type M dwarfs planet occurrences (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2019)J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. (Cifuentes+, 2020)J/ApJ/899/29 : Radial velocities of TOI-1728 with HPF (Kanodia+, 2020)J/AJ/159/120 : Transit time of K2-146b & K2-146c with K2 and HPF (Lam+, 2020)J/AJ/159/100 : Flux & RVs of G9-40 with K2 & HPF (Stefansson+, 2020)J/AJ/160/192 : Photometry and RVs of K2-25b with HPF (Stefansson+, 2020)J/AJ/161/119 : The TESS-Keck survey. IV. Rvel for WASP-107 (Rubenzahl+, 2021)J/AJ/165/33 : HIRES TOI-1136s planets and planet b RVs (Dai+, 2023)J/AJ/165/5 : SDSS ugri photometry of HD 189733 (Gardner-Watkins+, 2023)J/AJ/165/265 : Properties of 363 M-dwarfs from TESS (Ment+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/93https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/93http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/93https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/93https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/93http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/93GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/168/93/table5Predicted future mid-transit times of TOI-2015b and their uncertainties for the 2:1 solutionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObs[2024/2025] Mean year of the prediction; UTCstime.epoch;stat.meanBJD[2460462.92/2460827.82] Mean of Barycentric Julian Date of TTV midpoint predictiondtime.epochdoublee_BJD[0.02/0.06] Standard deviation in BJDdstat.error;time.epochfloatJ/AJ/168/93/table6Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) RVs used in this work along with the differential line width, chromatic index, and the line indices for the three Ca II infrared triplet linesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[2459065.6/2459704.8] Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVel[-33.2/34.3] Radial velocitym/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVel[8.7/36.5] Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatdLW[-160.4/281.2] Differential line widthm**2.s**-2spect.line.width;arith.ratiofloate_dLW[23.1/100.3] Uncertainty in dLWm**2.s**-2stat.error;spect.line.width;arith.ratiofloatCRX[-485.4/555.4] Chromatic Index; m/s/N_p_spect.indexfloate_CRX[88.7/362.9] Uncertainty in CRXstat.error;spect.indexfloatCaII-RT1[0.78/1.11]? Line number 1 Ca II infrared triplet line indexspect.indexfloatnullablee_CaII-RT1[0.006/0.03]? Uncertainty in CaII-R1stat.error;spect.indexfloatnullableCaII-RT2[0.49/0.8] Line number 2 Ca II infrared triplet line indexspect.indexfloate_CaII-RT2[0.006/0.03] Uncertainty in CaII-R2stat.error;spect.indexfloatCaII-RT3[0.4/0.7] Line number 3 Ca II infrared triplet line indexspect.indexfloate_CaII-RT3[0.005/0.03] Uncertainty in CaII-R3stat.error;spect.indexfloatJ/AJ/168/93/fig1Photometry of TOI-2015Flux[0.96/1.05] Relative flux from Instphot.fluxfloate_Flux[0.0004/0.04] Uncertainty in Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxfloatInstInstrument/Facility of photometric observation (1)meta.id;instrcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[2458955.79/2460067.98] Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleindexed