J/AJ/168/230ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/168/230CDSLuhman K.L.2025-08-01T08:20:05Z2025-07-08T15:34:10ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbrown-dwarfsopen-star-clustersyoung-stellar-objectsstar-forming-regionsinfrared-photometrymorgan-keenan-classificationIn 2022, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) obtained 1-5um images of the center of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). I have analyzed these data in an attempt to search for substellar members of the cluster. Using a pair of color-color diagrams, I have identified >200 brown dwarf candidates that lack spectral classifications. Some of the candidates could be protostars (either stellar or substellar) given their very red colors. Based on the age of the ONC and the photometry predicted by theoretical evolutionary models, the faintest candidates could have masses of 1-2M_J_. This sample of candidates may prove to be valuable for studying various aspects of young brown dwarfs, including their mass function and minimum mass. However, spectroscopy is needed to confirm the membership (via signatures of youth) and late spectral types of the candidates. Finally, I note that most of the "Jupiter-mass binary objects" that have been previously identified with these JWST images are absent from my sample of candidates because their colors are indicative of reddened background sources rather than young brown dwarfs, or their photometry is inadequate for assessing their nature because of very low signal-to-noise ratios and/or detections in only a few bands.2024AJ....168..230Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/168/230CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/AJ/111/846 : Orion HST survey (O'Dell+ 1996)J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)J/AJ/117/1375 : Orion Trapezium cluster (Simon+, 1999)J/ApJ/540/236 : KH photometry of Orion Nebula Cluster (Hillenbrand+, 2000)J/ApJ/540/1016 : K-band & NICMOS phot. of Trapezium Cluster (Luhman+, 2000)J/A+A/396/513 : Stellar Rotation in the Orion Nebula Cluster (Herbst+, 2002)J/ApJ/573/366 : Infrared photometry of Trapezium cluster (Muench+, 2002)J/ApJS/160/353 : Membership of the Orion nebula population (Getman+, 2005)J/ApJS/160/319 : COUP: observations and source lists (Getman+, 2005)J/MNRAS/361/211 : JHK photometry of brown dwarfs in Orion (Lucas+, 2005)J/AJ/136/2136 : HST/ACS Atlas of Great Orion Nebula proplyds (Ricci+, 2008)J/A+A/502/883 : I phot.: very low mass ONC stars (Rodriguez-Ledesma+, 2009)J/A+A/515/A13 : Very low mass objects in ONC (Rodriguez-Ledesma+, 2010)J/AJ/139/950 : JHKs photometry in ONC (Robberto+, 2010)J/A+A/534/A10 : HST/NICMOS III imag. Orion Nebula Cluster (Andersen+, 2011)J/ApJ/748/14 : ONC population data from WFI observations (Da Rio+, 2012)J/AJ/146/85 : Spect types: 1576 optical stars in ONC (Hillenbrand+, 2013)J/ApJ/782/8 : Spectroscopy of 104 objects in the ONC (Ingraham+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/40 : Late-type targets:Taurus, Cha I & Upper Sco (Todorov+, 2014)J/MNRAS/461/1734 : HAWK-I JHK phot. of the Orion Nebula Cloud (Drass+, 2016)J/A+A/587/A153 : VISION I. VISTA Orion A Survey (Meingast+, 2016)J/ApJ/896/79 : HST surv. ONC: H20 1.4um abs. band. I. (Robberto+, 2020)J/ApJ/896/81 : HST surv. ONC: H2O 1.4um abs. band. III. (Strampelli+, 2020)J/A+A/657/A131 : Ten new systems with O stars (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2022)J/ApJ/975/162 : Spec. ONC brown dwarf candidates from JWST (Luhman+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/230https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/230http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/230https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/230https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/230http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/230GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/168/230/table1 (Point sources with spectral classifications)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.753745-5.352103060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/168/230/table2 (Point source brown dwarf candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.72173611-5.401616940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/168/230/table3 (Proplyds and other extended sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/230/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.742365-5.443101110.0055555555555555566/21438-214394.0428963483234324e-20 1.9175514032992866e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/168/230?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/168/230/table1Point sources with spectral classificationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource name from this workmeta.id;meta.maincharNameOther source namemeta.idcharRAJ2000[83.7/83.9] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-5.5/-5.3] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharr_SpTypeSpectral type reference (1)meta.ref;src.spTypecharF115Wmag[16.3/21.3] F115W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F115Wmag[0.02] Error in F115Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatF140Mmag[15.9/20.2]? F140M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F140Mmag[0.02]? Error in F140Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableF162Mmag[15.7/18.9]? F162M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F162Mmag[0.02]? Error in F162Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF182Mmag[15.6/18.8]? F182M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F182Mmag[0.02]? Error in F182Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF187Nmag[13.5/18.8] F187N JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_F187Nmag[0.02/0.03] Error in F187Nmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatF277Wmag[15.7/18.6]? F277W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_F277Wmag[0.02/0.03]? Error in F277Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableF360Mmag[14/18.2]? F360M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_F360Mmag[0.02/0.07]? Error in F360Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableF444Wmag[13.7/18.2]? F444W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_F444Wmag[0.02/0.1]? Error in F444Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableJ/AJ/168/230/table2Point source brown dwarf candidatesF360Mmag[14.2/21.2]? F360M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_F360Mmag[0.02/0.2]? Error in F360Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableF444Wmag[13.7/21.1]? F444W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_F444Wmag[0.02/0.2]? Error in F444Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource name from this workmeta.id;meta.maincharNameOther source namemeta.idcharRAJ2000[83.7/83.9] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-5.5/-5.3] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF115Wmag[16.7/25.1]? F115W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F115Wmag[0.02/0.13]? Error in F115Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableF140Mmag[16.5/25.3] F140M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_F140Mmag[0.02/0.18] Error in F140Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatF162Mmag[15.6/23.7] F162M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_F162Mmag[0.02/0.13] Error in F162Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatF182Mmag[15.5/23.4]? F182M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F182Mmag[0.02/0.19]? Error in F182Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF187Nmag[14.6/21.8]? F187N JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F187Nmag[0.02/0.18]? Error in F187Nmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF277Wmag[15.9/23.1]? F277W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_F277Wmag[0.02/0.2]? Error in F277Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableJ/AJ/168/230/table3Proplyds and other extended sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource name from this workmeta.id;meta.maincharNameOther source namemeta.idcharRAJ2000[83.7/83.9] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharDEJ2000[-5.5/-5.3] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTypeSpectral type reference (1)meta.ref;src.spTypecharF115Wmag[16.4/21.3]? F115W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F115Wmag[0.02/0.1]? Error in F115Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableF140Mmag[15.7/21]? F140M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_F140Mmag[0.02/0.03]? Error in F140Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableF162Mmag[15.2/22.2]? F162M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F162Mmag[0.02]? Error in F162Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF182Mmag[15.4/20.2]? F182M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F182Mmag[0.02/0.05]? Error in F182Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF187Nmag[13.2/20]? F187N JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F187Nmag[0.02/0.1]? Error in F187Nmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF277Wmag[15.5/18.9]? F277W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_F277Wmag[0.02/0.11]? Error in F277Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableF360Mmag[14.3/18.2]? F360M JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_F360Mmag[0.02/0.1]? Error in F360Mmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableF444Wmag[13.9/17.5]? F444W JWST/NIRCam magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_F444Wmag[0.02/0.1]? Error in F444Wmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullable