J/AJ/168/211ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/168/211doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51680211CDSBrooks H.Caselden D.Kirkpatrick J.D.Raghu Y.Elachi C.A.,Grigorian J.Trek A.Washburn A.Higashimura H.Meisner A.M.,Schneider A.C.Faherty J.K.Marocco F.Gelino C.R.Gagne J.,Bickle T.P.Tang S.-Y.Rothermich A.Burgasser A.J.Kuchner M.J.,Beaulieu P.Bell J.Colin G.Colombo G.Dereveanco A.Flores D.P.,Glebov K.Gramaize L.Hamlet L.Hinckley K.Kabatnik M.Kiwy F.,Martin D.W.Palma Mendez R.F.Pendrill B.Ruiz L.Sanchez J.,Sainio A.Schumann J.Schonau M.Tanner C.Stevnbak N.Stenner A.,Thevenot M.Thakur V.Voloshin N.V.Wedracki Z.,The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration2025-08-01T20:10:01Z2025-07-07T08:22:39ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frastronomical-modelsphotometryclassificationvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomybrown-dwarfsdwarf-starssubdwarf-starsm-starsl-dwarfsstellar-spectral-typesWe present the discovery of 118 new ultracool dwarf candidates, discovered using a new machine-learning tool, named SMDET, applied to time-series images from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. We gathered photometric and astrometric data to estimate each candidate's spectral type, distance, and tangential velocity. This sample has a photometrically estimated spectral class distribution of 28 M dwarfs, 64 L dwarfs, and 18 T dwarfs. We also identify a T-subdwarf candidate, two extreme T-subdwarf candidates, and two candidate young ultracool dwarfs. Five objects did not have enough photometric data for any estimations to be made. To validate our estimated spectral types, spectra were collected for two objects, yielding confirmed spectral types of T5 (estimated T5) and T3 (estimated T4). Demonstrating the effectiveness of machine-learning tools as a new large-scale discovery technique.2024AJ....168..211Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/168/211CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/382 : VIKING catalogue data release 4 (Cross+, 2012)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/367 : The VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) cat. DR5 (McMahon+, 2020)II/365 : The CatWISE2020 cat. (updat. v. 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/389 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR2 (Magnier+, 2025)J/AJ/127/2856 : Brown dwarfs in the 2MASS Survey (Burgasser+, 2004)J/ApJ/637/1067 : Near-IR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)J/AJ/137/1 : Proper motions & astrometry: late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)J/ApJS/197/19 : First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE (Kirkpatrick+, 2011)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJ/783/122 : AllWISE motion survey (Kirkpatrick+, 2014)J/ApJ/781/4 : Photometry of high proper motion objects: WISE (Luhman, 2014)J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/36 : The AllWISE motion survey (AllWISE2) (Kirkpatrick+, 2016)J/ApJ/817/112 : NEOWISE/AllWISE high proper motion objects (Schneider+, 2016)J/A+A/589/A49 : Photometric brown-dwarf classification (Skrzypek+, 2016)J/AJ/153/257 : Comoving stars in Gaia DR1 (Oh+, 2017)J/ApJS/234/1 : Cat. of M, L, & T dwarfs from PS1 3{pi} Survey (Best+, 2018)J/ApJ/862/106 : Stellar and substellar members in Coma Berenices (Tang+, 2018)J/A+A/621/L2 : Hyades tidal tails revealed by Gaia DR2 (Roeser+, 2019)J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. (Cifuentes+, 2020)J/AJ/160/279 : Untangling the Gal. II. Structure within 3kpc (Kounkel+, 2020)J/ApJ/889/74 : Spitzer follow-up of Y brown dwarfs (Meisner+, 2020)J/ApJ/898/77 : NIR spectra of 2 extreme T-type subdwarfs (Schneider+, 2020)J/ApJS/253/7 : Full-sky census: brown dwarfs within 20pc (Kirkpatrick+, 2021)J/A+A/664/A70 : Li depletion boundary in stellar assoc. (Galindo-Guil+, 2022)J/ApJ/939/94 : New associations in Gaia DR3 solar neighborh. (Moranta+, 2022)J/MNRAS/513/5701 : Silicate clouds in ultracool dwarfs (Suarez+, 2022)J/AJ/166/103 : UKIRT Hemisphere Survey L, T & Y dwarfs cat (Schneider+, 2023J/ApJ/945/119 : The Oceanus moving group members from Gaia DR3 (Gagne+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/211https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/211http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/211https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/211https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/211http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/211GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/168/211/table1 (Discoverer, photometry, astrometry, and derived quantities of ultra cool dwarf candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/211/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/211/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/211/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.058384.739930.0055555555555555566/922 1478 1973 2030 2150 2897 3113 3671 3980 4361 4736 4740 4914 5517 6334 6367 6783 7166 7381 7648 8028 8155 8191 8482 8685 8784 9085 10250 10358 10706 11152 11464 11894 11900 12027 12102 12243 12437 15185 15515 17134 18443 18967 19482 19905 20401 20433 20480 20805 22294 23405 23507 23814 24518 24687 24883 25124 25465 25476 26667 27009 27177 28607 28613 29749 30493 33642 33664 33731 34489 34784 35598 35644 35841 36058 36090 36886 36992 37096 37290 37825 37950 38671 39081 39450 39941 40014 40110 40162 40174 40342 40797 41056 41087 41293 41307 42706 43212 43391 43622 43854 44287 45197 45218 45445 45500 45835 46807 46873 46989 47160 47177 47518 48411 48420 48466 48666 488178.157980699529898e-21 3.5913297071069415e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/168/211?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/168/211/table1Discoverer, photometry, astrometry, and derived quantities of ultra cool dwarf candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCWISECWISE Designationmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[1/356] CWISE Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_imag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablezmag[18.9/21.5]? PanSTARRS z-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableDEJ2000[-84/90] CWISE Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_RAJ2000[0.02/0.34] Uncertainty in RAdegdegstat.error;pos.eq.radoublee_DEJ2000[0.03/0.35] Uncertainty in DEdegdegstat.error;pos.eq.decdoubleMJD[56653/57792] CWISE Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRAVHSdeg[21/346]? VHS Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ranullableDEVHSdeg[-84/-4]? VHS Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.decnullableMJDVHS[55263/57767]? VHS Modified Julian Date (1)dtime.epochintnullableRALASdeg[1/209]? UKIDSS LAS DR9 Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ranullableDELASdeg[-4/34]? UKIDSS LAS DR9 Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.decnullableMJDLAS[53856/56053]? UKIDSS Modified Julian Date (1)dtime.epochintnullableRAUHSdeg[3/356]? UHS Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ranullableDEUHSdeg[4/57]? UHS Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.decnullableMJDUHS[56180/57676]? UHS Modified Julian Date (1)dtime.epochintnullableRAPSdeg[1/346]? PanSTARRS DR2 Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ranullableDEPSdeg[-29/90]? PanSTARRS DR2 Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.decnullablee_RAPSdeg[4e-3/0.17]? Uncertainty in RAPSdegdegstat.error;pos.eq.radoublenullablee_DEPSdeg[4e-3/0.17]? Uncertainty in DEPSdegdegstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublenullableMJDPS[55760/57056]? PanSTARRS DR2 Modified Julian Datedtime.epochintnullablePS1Display data from PS1 DR2 (Cat II/389)meta.ref.urlcharDiscoverObject Discoverer(s)obs.observercharW1mag[13.9/18.4] CatWISE2020 W1-band (3.35um) apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_W1mag[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in W1magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatW2mag[13.4/16.9] CatWISE2020 W2-band (4.6um) apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_W2mag[0.01/0.1] Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatW3mag[11.7/13.5]? AllWISE W3-band (11.6um) apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag[0.2/0.6]? Uncertainty in W3magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableW4mag[8.2/9.7]? AllWISE W4-band (22.1um) apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_W4mag[0.459]? Uncertainty in W4magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableJmag[16/20]? VHS/UKIDSS LAS DR9 J-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[7e-3/0.2]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableKmkomag[14.7/18.3]? UKIDSS LAS DR9 K_MKO_-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmkomag[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in Kmkomagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableKsmag[14.8/17.9]? VHS K_s_-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablermag[22.046]? PanSTARRS r-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[0.148]? Uncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullableimag[20.4/21.9]? PanSTARRS i-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullableymag[18/20.7]? PanSTARRS y-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_ymag[1e-3/0.2]? Uncertainty in ymagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullablepmRA[-0.9/1] CatWISE2020 proper motion in RAarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[7e-3/0.1] Uncertainty in pmRAarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-1/0.5] CatWISE2020 proper motion in DEarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[7e-3/0.1] Uncertainty in pmDEarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatpm[0.07/1.1] CatWISE2020 total proper motionarcsec/yrpos.pmfloate_pm[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in pmarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatpmRAd[-0.6/0.7]? Derived proper motion in RA; See Section 3arcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRAd[9e-3/0.6]? Uncertainty in pmRAdarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDEd[-1/0.7]? Derived proper motion in DE; See Section 3arcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDEd[3e-3/0.2]? Uncertainty in pmDEdarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablepmd[0.2/1]? Total proper motion; See Section 3arcsec/yrpos.pmfloatnullablee_pmd[0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty in pmdarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatnullableSpTpDerived estimated photometric spectral type; See Section 4.1 (2)src.spTypecharSpTsDerived spectral type from observed spectrum; See Section 4.2src.spTypecharchi2[0/370]? Derived {chi}^2^ value; See Section 4.1stat.fit.chi2floatnullableDist[15.2/906]? Derived distance; See Section 5pcpos.distancefloatnullablee_Dist[0.05/118]? Uncertainty in Distpcstat.error;pos.distancefloatnullableVtan[20.2/1629]? Derived tangential velocity; See Section 5km/sphys.veloc.transversedoublenullablee_Vtan[1.8/461]? Uncertainty in Vtankm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.transversefloatnullableVHSDisplay data from VHS DR5 (Cat II/367)meta.ref.urlcharLASDisplay data from UKIDSS LAS DR9 (Cat II/319)meta.ref.urlchar