J/AJ/168/109ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/168/109doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51680109CDSSchmidt S.P.Schlaufman K.C.Hamer J.H.2025-05-21T20:12:32Z2025-03-05T07:59:15ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsradial-velocitymultiple-starsgalaxy-kinematicsstellar-agesExoplanet systems are thought to evolve on secular timescales over billions of years. This evolution is impossible to directly observe on human timescales in most individual systems. While the availability of accurate and precise age inferences for individual exoplanet host stars with ages {tau} in the interval 1Gyr<~{tau}<~10Gyr would constrain this evolution, accurate and precise age inferences are difficult to obtain for isolated field dwarfs like the host stars of most exoplanets. The Galactic velocity dispersion of a thin-disk stellar population monotonically grows with time, and the relationship between age and velocity dispersion in a given Galactic location can be calibrated by a stellar population for which accurate and precise age inferences are possible. Using a sample of subgiants with precise age inferences, we calibrate the age-velocity dispersion relation in the Kepler field. Applying this relation to the Kepler field's planet populations, we find that Kepler-discovered systems plausibly in second-order mean-motion resonances have 1Gyr<~{tau}<~2Gyr. The same is true for systems plausibly in first-order mean-motion resonances, but only for systems likely affected by tidal dissipation inside their innermost planets. These observations suggest that many planetary systems diffuse away from initially resonant configurations on secular timescales. Our calibrated relation also indicates that ultra-short-period (USP) planet systems have typical ages in the interval 5Gyr<~{tau}<~6Gyr. We propose that USP planets tidally migrated from initial periods in the range 1day<~P<~2days to their observed locations at P<1day over billions of years and trillions of cycles of secular eccentricity excitation and inside-planet damping.2024AJ....168..109Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/168/109CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)J/A+A/506/303 : CoRoT-7 radial velocities (Queloz+, 2009)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's cand. mult. transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/ApJ/787/47 : 106 Kepler ultra-short-period planets (Sanchis-Ojeda+, 2014)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJS/221/24 : SDSS-III APOGEE H-band spectral line lists (Shetrone+, 2015)J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)J/A+A/588/L6 : WASP-12 transit light curves (Maciejewski+ 2016)J/AJ/153/136 : Planets & host stars with Gaia parallaxes (Stassun+, 2017)J/AJ/154/4 : Times of transits and occultations of WASP-12b (Patra+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)J/AJ/154/237 : HARPS-N radial velocities of WASP-47 (Vanderburg+, 2017)J/A+A/619/A1 : 55 Cnc radial velocities and photometry (Bourrier+, 2018)J/AJ/155/107 : HARPS-N obs. of K2-141 planetary system (Malavolta+, 2018)J/AJ/155/196 : K2 LCs for members of USco & {rho} Oph (Rebull+, 2018)J/A+A/631/A77 : Low-mass stellar models and isochrones (Amard+, 2019)J/AJ/158/190 : Hot Jupiter hosts with good astrometry (Hamer+, 2019)J/AJ/159/273 : Taurus members & nonmembers with K2 data (Rebull+, 2020)J/AJ/160/138 : 68 Gaia DR2 ultra-short-period planet host stars (Hamer+, 2020)J/ApJ/888/L5 : Transits, occultation times and RVs of WASP-12b (Yee+, 2020)J/ApJ/890/L31 : Rotational periods and J_2_ of Kepler stars (Li+, 2020)J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia Early Data Release 3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)J/A+A/650/A64 : Mars moon ephemerides from Mars Express 14yrs (Lainey+, 2021)J/AJ/161/72 : Transit and occultation times for WASP-12b (Turner+, 2021)J/AJ/164/26 : Hot Jupiters isochrones & stellar modeling (Hamer+, 2022)J/other/Nat/603.599 : 247014 subgiant stars data (Xiang+, 2022)J/AJ/165/88 : Radial velocity follow up of TOI-561 b (Brinkman+, 2023)J/AJ/167/55 : Multiple-planet system resonances (Hamer+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/109https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/109http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/109https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/109https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/109http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/109GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/168/109/table1 (Ultra-short-period (USP) planet, proto-USP planet, and plausibly/implausibly resonant system samples)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/109/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/109/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/109/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.499432837.05928470.0055555555555555564/922 933 5/3646-3647 3692 3694-3695 3706 3736 3739-3741 3743 3776-3778 3780-3782 3785 3792-3793 6/14573 14578-14579 14581-14583 14730-14731 14733-14734 14744 14746 14750-14751 14772 14774-14775 14792 14794 14816 14818-14819 14828 14830 14914 14917-14921 14923-14926 14948-14950 14952-14953 14955 14968-14969 14971 15040-15041 15044 15057 15059-15062 15116 15118-15119 15132-15134 15136-15137 15139 15145-15150 15153-15158 15160 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/168/109?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/168/109/table1Ultra-short-period (USP) planet, proto-USP planet, and plausibly/implausibly resonant system samplesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKIC[1432789/12600735] Kepler identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintGaiaGaia DR3 Source identifiermeta.id.crossRV[-225/69] Radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_RV[0/12] Uncertainty in RVkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatSourceRadial velocity source ("CKS", "APOGEE" or "Gaia")meta.id;meta.datasetcharMultiIn a multiple-planet system? (1)meta.codecharFirstIn a plausibly first-order resonant system? (2)meta.codecharSecondIn a plausibly second-order resonant system?meta.codecharTidalIn a tidally-affected plausibly first-order resonant system? (2)meta.codecharUSPIn an ultra-short-period planet system?meta.codecharProtoIn a proto-ultra-short-period planet system?meta.codecharSO14Display data from Sanchis-Ojeda+ 2014, J/ApJ/787/47 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableAPOGEEDisplay data from APOGEE-2 DR17 (III/286) within 1.5"meta.ref.urlintnullableCKSDisplay data from CKS I. (Petigura+ 2017, J/AJ/154/107) and II. (Johnson+ 2017, J/AJ/154/108) within 1.5" if Source=CKSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/168/109/table2Kepler field age-velocity dispersion relationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAge[2/10.02] Average ageGyrtime.agedoublee_sigma[0.5/2] Lower uncertainty in sigma (1)km/sstat.error;stat.min;phys.veloc.dispersiondoublesigma[33.3/70] Velocity dispersionkm/sphys.veloc.dispersiondoubleE_sigma[0.5/2] Upper uncertainty in sigma (2)km/sstat.error;stat.max;phys.veloc.dispersiondouble