J/AJ/167/84ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/167/84doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51670084CDSHouseholder A.Weiss L.M.Owen J.E.Isaacson H.Howard A.W.,Fabrycky D.Rogers L.A.Schlichting H.E.Fulton B.J.Petigura E.A.,Giacalone S.Murphy J.M.A.Beard C.Chontos A.Dai F.Van Zandt J.,Lubin J.Rice M.Polanski A.S.Dalba P.Blunt S.Turtelboom E.V.,Rubenzahl R.Brinkman C.2026-03-27T20:04:01Z2024-05-13T12:45:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocityAn intriguing pattern among exoplanets is the lack of detected planets between approximately 1.5R{Earth} and 2.0R{Earth}. One proposed explanation for this "radius gap" is the photoevaporation of planetary atmospheres, a theory that can be tested by studying individual planetary systems. Kepler-105 is an ideal system for such testing due to the ordering and sizes of its planets. Kepler-105 is a Sun-like star that hosts two planets straddling the radius gap in a rare architecture with the larger planet closer to the host star (Rb=2.53{+/-}0.07R{Earth}, Pb=5.41days, Rc=1.44{+/-}0.04R{Earth}, Pc=7.13days). If photoevaporation sculpted the atmospheres of these planets, then Kepler-105b would need to be much more massive than Kepler-105c to retain its atmosphere, given its closer proximity to the host star. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously analyzed radial velocities and transit-timing variations of the Kepler-105 system, measuring disparate masses of Mb=10.8{+/-}2.3M{Earth} ({rho}b=3.68{+/-}0.84g/cm^3^) and Mc=5.6{+/-}1.2M{Earth} ({rho}c=10.4{+/-}2.39g/cm^3^). Based on these masses, the difference in gas envelope content of the Kepler-105 planets could be entirely due to photoevaporation (in 76% of scenarios), although other mechanisms like core-powered mass loss could have played a role for some planet albedos.2024AJ....167...84Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/167/84CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/775/L11 : Stellar rotation periods for KOIs (McQuillan+, 2013)J/ApJS/217/16 : Kepler planetary candidates. V. 3yr Q1-Q12 (Rowe+, 2015)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing variations 145 Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planet cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)J/AJ/160/3 : Rvel of M-dwarf LTT 3780 with HARPS (Cloutier+, 2020)J/MNRAS/491/5287 : Exoplanet evaporation in multitransit systems (Owen+, 2020)J/AJ/166/62 : New HIRES radial velocity data for V1298 Tau (Blunt+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/84https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/84GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/167/84/table2Kepler-105 radial velocity observationsTelInstrument usedinstr.setupcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintUTCObservation UTC start time (1)time.start;obscharObsIDCPS internal observation IDmeta.id;obscharBJD[2457197/2459504] Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVel[-19.57/18.74] Relative radial velocitym/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVel[2.33/4.11] Uncertainty in relRVm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatCount[5096/16232] Counts in raw 1D spectrum near 5500 angstroms, e-ctphot.count;em.X-rayfloatchi[1.07/1.19] Median reduced chi-squared for observation over all chunksstat.fit.chi2floatBV[-11647/10116] Barycentric velocity at flux-weighted midpointm/sphys.veloc;pos.barycenterdoubleSHK[0.11/0.16] CaHK S valuespect.indexfloate_SHK[0.001] Uncertainty in sValuestat.errorfloattRVel[-0.3/0.44]? Telluric calibrated absolute radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_tRVel[0.1]? Error on tRVelkm/sstat.errorfloatnullable