J/AJ/167/51ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/167/51doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51670051CDSWen J.Gao J.Yang M.Chen B.Ren YiWang T.Jiang B.2024-11-07T20:09:11Z2024-06-17T07:53:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupergiant-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomystellar-massesstellar-radiistellar-spectral-typesMass loss is a crucial process that affects the observational properties, evolution path, and fate of highly evolved stars. However, the mechanism of mass loss is still unclear, and the mass-loss rate (MLR) of red supergiant stars (RSGs) requires further research and precise evaluation. To address this, we utilized an updated and complete sample of RSGs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and employed the 2-DUST radiation transfer model and spectral energy distribution fitting approach to determine the dust-production rates (DPRs) and dust properties of the RSGs. We have fitted 4714 selected RSGs with over 100000 theoretical templates of evolved stars. Our results show that the DPR range of RSGs in the LMC is 10^-11^M_{sun}_/yr--10^-7^M_{sun}_/yr, and the total DPR of all RSGs is 1.14x10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr. We find that 63.3% RSGs are oxygen-rich, and they account for 97.2% of the total DPR. The optically thin RSG, which comprise 30.6% of our sample, contribute only 0.1% of the total DPR, while carbon-rich RSGs (6.1%) produce 2.7% of the total DPR. Overall, 208 RSGs contributed 76.6% of the total DPR. We have established a new relationship between the MLR and luminosity of RSGs in the LMC, which exhibits a positive trend and a clear turning point at logL/L_{sun}_~4.4.2024AJ....167...51Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/167/51CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/288 : IRSF Magellanic Clouds Point Source Catalog (Kato+ 2007)II/375 : VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) catalog (YJKs) DR6 (Cioni+, 2011)II/351 : VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) catalog (Cioni+, 2011)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/358 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR1.1 (Wolf+, 2018)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)J/ApJ/505/793 : New WR star in M33 (Massey+, 1998)J/AJ/126/2867 : Red supergiants in Magellanic Clouds (Massey+, 2003)J/AJ/128/1606 : Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey LMC (Zaritsky+, 2004)J/A+A/442/281 : Latetype giants BVRIJHKL Teff calibration (Kucinskas+, 2005)J/A+A/503/913 : Synthetic spectrophotometry C-rich giants (Aringer+, 2009)J/MNRAS/395/1409 : Type II-P SN progenitor constraints (Smartt+, 2009)J/AJ/142/103 : Cool evolved stars in SAGE-SMC and SAGE-LMC (Boyer+, 2011)J/ApJS/192/6 : A GALEX UV imaging survey of nearby galaxies (Lee+, 2011)J/A+A/532/A54 : GRAMS carbon-star model grid (Srinivasan+, 2011)J/ApJ/727/53 : Red supergiant stars in the LMC. I. (Yang+, 2011)J/AJ/144/179 : AKARI-LMC Point-source catalog (Kato+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/71 : Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI. (Riebel+, 2012)J/MNRAS/457/2814 : SAGE SMC evolved stars candidates (Srinivasan+, 2016)J/A+A/609/A114 : Local Group AGB stars & red supergiants (Groenewegen+, 2018)J/MNRAS/487/4832 : Period-luminosity relation red supergiants (Chatys+, 2019)J/ApJS/241/35 : Period-luminosity relationsRSGs in M33 & M31 (Ren+, 2019)J/ApJ/923/232 : Red supergiants in 12 Local Group galaxies (Ren+, 2021)J/ApJ/912/112 : Red supergiants in M31 & M33.II Mass-loss rate (Wang+, 2021)J/A+A/647/A167 : Using H-bump to identify RSGs in NGC6822 (Yang+, 2021)J/A+A/676/A84 : Mass-loss rate of RSGs in the SMC (Yang+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/51https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/51http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/51https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/51https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/51http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/51GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/167/51/table4 (*Catalog of the stellar and dust parameters for red supergiant stars in LMC)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/167/51/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/167/51/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/167/51/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true74.24334111-70.295830.0055555555555555564/2065 2067-2069 5/8221 8280-8281 8304 8448 8450 8453 9376 9378 9384 9386 9730 6/32860-32862 32880 33024-33025 33027-33029 33031-33032 33034-33037 33057-33060 33062-33063 33065 33067 33070 33128-33129 33132 33135-33138 33140-33141 33143 33145-33147 33149-33151 33169 33173 33175 33221 33229 33234-33238 33240 33244 33797-33799 33804 33807 33809 33816 33819-33820 33824 33826 33831-33832 33834-33835 33840 33922 37376 37379 37386-37387 37408-37410 37416-37417 37419 37510 37540 37542 37548 37550 38914-38915 38917-38918 38944 38947-38948 38950-38951 38954 38956-38958 39040 390426.772611666688002e-21 6.118840631666147e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/167/51?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/167/51/table4*Catalog of the stellar and dust parameters for red supergiant stars in LMCrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeClassification of stars (always "RSG")src.classcharRAJ2000[64/98] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_mag80[0.013/0.2]? Error in mag80magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablemag24[2.54/11.1]? Spitzer 24 micron magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_mag24[0.006/0.3]? Error in mag24magstat.error;phot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableW1mag[6.3/12.24]? WISE W1 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_fluxvmcKs[4.9e-6/0.0002]? Error in fluxvmcKsJystat.error;phot.flux;em.IR.KdoublenullablefluxU[8e-06/0.1]? MCPS U band fluxJyphot.flux;em.opt.UdoublenullableDEJ2000[-78/-59] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainE(B-V)[0.0001/0.4] The (B-V) color excess (1)magphot.color.excessdoubleAV[0.0006/1.24] Extinction in V bandmagphys.absorption;em.opt.VdoubleYmagVMC[9/18.7]? VMC Y magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_YmagVMC[0.0002/0.07]? Error in YmagVMCmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableJmagVMC[8.84/18.4]? VMC J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JmagVMC[0.0002/0.1]? Error in JmagVMCmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableKsmagVMC[7.5/16.51]? VMC Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KsmagVMC[0.0002/0.04]? Error in KsmagVMCmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableJmag2MASS[7.75/13.3] 2MASS J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag2MASS[0.005/0.1] Error in Jmag2MASSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag2MASS[6.96/12.4] 2MASS H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag2MASS[0.01/0.1] Error in Hmag2MASSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKmag2MASS[6.55/12.1] 2MASS Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Kmag2MASS[0.007/0.1] Error in Ksmag2MASSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR3 (I/355) within 2"meta.ref.urlcharGBPmag[11/18.5]? Gaia EDR3 GBP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_GBPmag[0.0028/0.1]? Error in GBPmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableGmag[10.49/16.55]? Gaia EDR3 G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoublenullablee_Gmag[0.0027/0.07]? Error in Gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.optdoublenullableGRPmag[9.48/15.2]? Gaia EDR3 GRP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_GRPmag[0.0037/0.1]? Error in GRPmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.RdoublenullableSMapDisplay data from the SkyMapper DR1.1 (II/358) within 2" if zmag is filledmeta.ref.urlchargmagS[10.76/18.65]? Skymapper g magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmagS[0.002/0.1]? Error in gmagSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullablermagS[10.33/18.12]? Skymapper r magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmagS[0.002/0.1]? Error in rmagSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableimagS[9.58/16.21]? Skymapper i magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imagS[0.002/0.1]? Error in imagSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullablezmagS[9.3/15.1]? Skymapper z magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmagS[0.002/0.1]? Error in zmagSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableumagS[11.85/18.63]? Skymapper u magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_umagS[0.002/0.1]? Error in umagSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.UfloatnullablevmagS[11.72/18.3]? Skymapper v magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_vmagS[0.003/0.1]? Error in vmagSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablemag36[6.27/12.51]? Spitzer 3.6 micron magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_mag36[0.018/0.2]? Error in mag36magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablemag45[6.12/12.5]? Spitzer 4.5 micron magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_mag45[0.015/0.2]? Error in mag45magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablemag58[5.72/12.4]? Spitzer 5.8 micron magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_mag58[0.016/0.2]? Error in mag58magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablemag80[4.87/12.4]? Spitzer 8.0 micron magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_W1mag[0.018/0.05]? Error in W1magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableW2mag[6.2/12.32]? WISE W2 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag[0.018/0.04]? Error in W2magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableW3mag[4.39/12.5]? WISE W3 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag[0.013/0.2]? Error in W3magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableW4mag[3.36/8.591]? WISE W4 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_W4mag[0.018/0.2]? Error in W4magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableN3mag[6.51/12.1]? AKARI N3 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_N3mag[0.014/0.1]? Error in N3magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableS7mag[5.3/12.21]? AKARI S7 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_S7mag[0.003/0.1]? Error in S7magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableS11mag[3.5/12.1]? AKARI S11 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_S11mag[0.002/0.1]? Error in S11magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableL15mag[3.51/9.92]? AKARI L15 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_L15mag[0.024/0.1]? Error in L15magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableL24mag[2.56/8.5]? AKARI L24 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_L24mag[0.01/0.1]? Error in L24magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableIRSFDisplay data from IRSF Magellanic Clouds Point Source Catalog (Kato+ 2017, II/288) within 2" if JmagIRSF is filledmeta.ref.urlcharJmagIRSF[8.66/13.66]? IRSF J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JmagIRSF[0.01/0.08]? Error in JmagIRSFmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmagIRSF[8.43/12.77]? IRSF H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_HmagIRSF[0.01/0.07]? Error in HmagIRSFmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsmagIRSF[8.87/12.83]? IRSF Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KsmagIRSF[0.01/0.09]? Error in KsmagIRSFmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableMCPSDisplay data from the Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey (Zaritsky+ 2004, J/AJ/128/1606) within 1.5" if Vmag is filledmeta.ref.urlcharUmag[10.74/20.9]? MCPS U magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_Umag[0.01/0.1]? Error in Umagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.UfloatnullableBmag[11.75/20.5]? MCPS B magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmag[0.01/0.1]? Error in Bmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableVmag[11.4/19.22]? MCPS V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag[0.01/0.1]? Error in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableImag[8.84/16.71]? MCPS I magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Imag[0.02/0.1]? Error in Imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullableflux2massJ[0.008/1.3] 2MASS J band fluxJyphot.flux;em.IR.Jdoublee_flux2massJ[0.0001/0.03] Error in flux2massJJystat.error;phot.flux;em.IR.Jdoubleflux2massH