J/AJ/167/253ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/167/253CDSRothermich A.Faherty J.K.Bardalez-Gagliuffi D.Schneider A.C.,Kirkpatrick J.D.Meisner A.M.Burgasser A.J.Kuchner M.Allers K.,Gagne J.Caselden D.Calamari E.Popinchalk M.Suarez G.,Gerasimov R.Aganze C.Softich E.Hsu C.-C.Karpoor P.Theissen C.A.,Rees J.Cecilio-Flores-Elie R.Cushing M.C.Marocco F.Casewell S.,Bickle T.P.Hamlet L.Allen M.B.Beaulieu P.Colin G.Gantier J.M.,Gramaize L.Jalowiczor P.Kabatnik M.Kiwy F.Martin D.W.,Pendrill B.Pumphrey B.Sainio A.Schumann J.Stevnbak N.Sun G.,Tanner C.Thakur V.Thevenot M.Wedracki Z.2025-09-01T07:18:35Z2025-08-26T10:10:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsbrown-dwarfst-dwarfsastrometryradial-velocityinfrared-photometryWe report the identification of 89 new systems containing ultracool dwarf companions to main-sequence stars and white dwarfs, using the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 and cross-reference between Gaia and CatWISE2020. 32 of these companions and 33 host stars were followed up with spectroscopic observations, with companion spectral types ranging from M7-T9 and host spectral types ranging from G2-M9. These systems exhibit diverse characteristics, from young to old ages, blue to very red spectral morphologies, potential membership to known young moving groups, and evidence of spectral binarity in nine companions. 20 of the host stars in our sample show evidence for higher-order multiplicity, with an additional 11 host stars being resolved binaries themselves. We compare this sample's characteristics with those of the known stellar binary and exoplanet populations, and find our sample begins to fill in the gap between directly imaged exoplanets and stellar binaries on mass ratio-binding energy plots. With this study, we increase the population of ultracool dwarf companions to FGK stars by ~42%, and more than triple the known population of ultracool dwarf companions with separations larger than 1000AU, providing excellent targets for future atmospheric retrievals.2024AJ....167..253Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/167/253CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/pastel : The PASTEL catalogue (Soubiran+, 2016-)III/123 : Dwarf K and M stars of small proper motion (Stephenson 1986)I/146 : Positions and Proper Motions - North (Roeser+, 1988)I/196 : Hipparcos Input Catalogue, Version 2 (Turon+ 1993)II/179 : Southern Spectrophotometric Standards. I + II (Hamuy+ 1992,94)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV src (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)III/279 : RAVE 5th data release (Kunder+, 2017)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)II/365 : CatWISE2020 cat. (updated version 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)II/382 : VIKING catalogue data release 4 (Cross+, 2012)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)V/136 : Teff and metallicities for Tycho-2 stars (Ammons+, 2006)VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Src Cat. (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)VI/135 : All-sky spectrally matched Tycho2 stars (Pickles+, 2010)J/AJ/83/1090 : Late-type M dwarfs towards the SGP (Pesch+ 1978)J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)J/other/ARA+A/43.195 : L and T dwarf stars (Kirkpatrick, 2005)J/ApJ/637/1067 : NIR spec. classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)J/A+A/460/695 : Search: Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)J/AJ/137/1 : Proper motion & astromet.: late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)J/ApJ/699/649 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. I. (Shkolnik+, 2009)J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)J/MNRAS/404/1817 : 2MASS/SDSS data for 806 ultracool dwarfs (Zhang+, 2010)J/ApJ/752/56 : BDKP. III. Parallaxes: 70 ultracool dwarfs (Faherty+, 2012)J/ApJ/779/188 : Spectra of nearby late K and M Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013)J/ApJ/794/143 : New SpeX Observations of M7-L6 Dwarfs (Bardalez+, 2014)J/AJ/148/54 : The Hypatia Catalog (Hinkel+, 2014)J/ApJ/814/118 : L/T transition dwarfs search: PS1 & WISE. II. (Best+, 2015)J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/33 : BANYAN. VII. Candidate YMG members from BASS (Gagne+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/3651 : L and T dwarfs from UKIDSS LAS (Marocco+, 2015)J/MNRAS/457/2192 : NCJM catalog of M dwarfs (Cook+, 2016)J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)J/ApJ/822/97 : Rot.-Activ. Correlations: K-M dwarfs. I. (Houdebine+, 2016)J/ApJ/817/112 : NEOWISE/AllWISE high proper motion obj. (Schneider+, 2016)J/A+A/589/A49 : Photometric brown-dwarf classification (Skrzypek+, 2016)J/ApJ/842/118 : Brown dwarfs with spect. type later than T6 (Leggett+, 2017)J/AJ/155/34 : Analysis: NIR spectra of neighboring L dwarfs (Cruz+, 2018)J/A+A/619/L8 : Ultra-cool dwarfs candidates in Gaia DR2 (Reyle, 2018)J/MNRAS/473/4937 : AllWISE ctp to ROSAT/2RXS & XMMSLEW2 cat. (Salvato+, 2018)J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog & Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)J/MNRAS/489/5301 : DES Y3 substellar LT and M catalogs (Carnero Rosell+, 2019)J/AJ/158/56 : Stellar parameters of M and K dwarfs (Houdebine+, 2019)J/ApJS/243/28 : M-type star magnetic activities: LAMOST & Kepler (Lu+, 2019)J/ApJS/245/34 : Abundances: 6 million stars from LAMOST DR5 (Xiang+, 2019)J/ApJ/889/74 : Spitzer follow-up of Y brown dwarfs (Meisner+, 2020)J/ApJ/899/123 : Spitzer follow up of 95 brown dwarfs (Meisner+, 2020)J/A+A/635/A43 : Stellar rot. periods: K2 Campaigns 0-18 (Reinhold+, 2020)J/ApJ/891/23 : Stellar abundances from LAMOST MRS (SPCAnet) (Wang+, 2020)J/ApJS/246/9 : Stellar parameters of LAMOST stars using SLAM (Zhang+, 2020)J/ApJ/891/171 : COCONUTS. I. Spect. of WD & T4 comoving syst. (Zhang+, 2020)J/ApJS/251/15 : LAMOST-Kepler/K2 survey (LK-MRS) 1st year obs. (Zong+, 2020)J/ApJ/923/48 : Discovery of L dwarf co-moving BD+60 1417 (Faherty+, 2021)J/ApJS/253/7 : Full-sky cens: brown dwarfs within 20pc (Kirkpatrick+, 2021)J/A+A/645/A100 : SPECULOOS. Ultracool dwarf transit survey (Sebastian+, 2021)J/AJ/161/63 : M dwarfs with M = 0.1 - 0.3Msun within 15pc (Winters+, 2021)J/ApJS/260/45 : Stellar param of M-type stars from LAMOST DR8 (Ding+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/253https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/253http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/253https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/253https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/253http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/253GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/167/253/table1 (High-probability comoving systems)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/167/253/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/167/253/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/167/253/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.0656006-48.21612280.0055555555555555566/161 335 542 1525 2258 2667 3603 4887 4893 5646 6802 6989 7137 7140 7231 8068 9089 9540-9541 10011 10564 10951 10962 11065 11597 11718 11739 12054 12111 12333 13081 13083 13355 15214 15779 16451 16509 16668 16830 18270 18366 18802-18803 18907 19001 19967 20489 22168 23839 24446 24615 25737 25804 26074 26214 26377 26465 26770 26841 27224 27596 28023 30863 32368 32546 34322 34882 35370 35461 35505 35733 35890 36679 36812 37669 37706 38409 38675 38890 39554 41017 41940 43788 43974 44868 45204 45677 46340 46868 46938 47207 47258 48446 48873 488883.830199579824256e-20 4.621782916333392e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/167/253?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/167/253/table1High-probability comoving systemsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSyst[1/89] System number; column and numbers added by CDSmeta.idintprimaryIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[A/B] Component of the object identifiermeta.code.multipcharCoordTruncated coordinates (HHMM+DDMM) or alternative IDmeta.idcharSpTypeSpectral type (1)src.spTypecharr_SpType[1/34] Reference on SpType (2)meta.ref;src.spTypeintpmRA[-556/367]? Proper motion in right ascension ({mu}_{alpha}_) from Gaia EDR3/DR3 (I/357)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullableProb[91/100]? Probabilitystat.probabilityfloatnullablee_pmRA[0.01/119]? Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-490/185]? Proper motion in declination ({mu}_{delta}_) from Gaia EDR3/DR3 (I/357)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE[0.01/123]? Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullableRVel[-79/76]? Radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_RVel[0.1/20]? Uncertainty in Rvelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablevsini[5/25]? Projected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablee_vsini[0.5/25]? Uncertainty in vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablef_plx[*] *: plx measurement from Kirkpatrick+2021 (J/ApJS/253/7)meta.code;pos.parallaxcharplx[3/57]? Parallax from Gaia EDR3/DR3 (I/357)maspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx[0.01/5]? Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullabler_plx[2/7]? References for plx measurement (2)meta.ref;pos.parallaxintnullableSepA[0.3/1124]? Angular separation from host stararcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableSepL[5/4e4]? Linear separation from host star (3)AUpos.distance;phys.sizeintnullableGaiaDR3CatDisplay data from Gaia DR3 (I/355) within 10" (added by CDS)meta.ref.urlintnullable2MASSCatDisplay data from 2MASS-PSC (II/246) within 5" (added by CDS)meta.ref.urlintnullableCWISECatDisplay data from CatWISE2020 (II/365) within 5" (added by CDS)meta.ref.urlintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/AJ/167/253/table2Photometry of high-probability comoving systemsSyst[1/89] System number; column and numbers added by CDSmeta.idintprimarye_BPmag[3e-3/0.31]? Uncertainty in BPmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableRPmag[6.3/20]? Gaia DR3 (I/357) RP (797nm) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_RPmag[4e-3/0.11]? Uncertainty in RPmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableJmag[6/21.4]? J-band (1.25um) magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0/0.33]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablel_HmagLower limit >= on Hmagmeta.code.errorcharHmag[5.8/19.7]? H-band (1.65um) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.25]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKmag[5.7/18.3]? K- and Ks-bands (2.20-2.17um) magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[A/B] Component of the object identifiermeta.code.multipcharCoordTruncated coordinates (HHMM+DDMM) or alternative IDmeta.idcharGmag[6.7/21]? Gaia DR3 (I/357) G (673nm) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Gmag[3e-3/0.02]? Uncertainty in Gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableBPmag[6.9/22]? Gaia DR3 (I/357) BP (532nm) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Kmag[0/0.31]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableRefNIRNear infrared references (2)meta.ref;phot.mag;em.IR.NIRcharl_W1magLower limit >= on W1magmeta.code;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umcharW1mag[5.9/20]? CatWISE2020 (II/365) W1 (3.35um) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag[0.01/0.33]? Uncertainty in W1magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableW2mag[5.7/18.3]? CatWISE2020 (II/365) W2 (4.6um) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag[0.01/0.54]? Uncertainty in W2magmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableJ/AJ/167/253/table11Binding energies and masses of high-probability comoving systemsSyst[1/89] System number; column and numbers added by CDSmeta.idintprimaryl_tauLimit flag on taumeta.code.error;time.lifetimecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHost1First host identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_Host1[AB] Composant of first host identifiermeta.code.multipcharHost2Second host identifiermeta.idcharCompCompanion identifiermeta.idcharMhost[0.05/1.53] Mass of the host M_Host_ (1)solMassphys.massfloatMcomp[0.01/0.11] Mass of the companion M_Comp_solMassphys.massfloatMtot[0.09/1.64] Total mass of the systemsolMassphys.massfloatMrat[0.01/1] Mass ratio M_Comp_/M_Host_solMassphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatEbind[0.1/21]? Binding energy (in units of 10^41^ erg)2.4e30W.hphys.energyfloatnullabletau[2/14]? Estimated dissipation lifetime of the system {tau} (2)Gyrtime.lifetimeintnullable