Mind the Gap. I. Ha activity for M-Dwarfs J/AJ/166/63 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/166/63 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51660063 CDS Jao W.-C. Henry T.J. White R.J. Nisak A.H. Hubbard-James H.-S.,Paredes L.A. Lewis V.B.J. 2024-11-06T20:18:55Z 2024-02-26T07:03:14Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr m-stars visible-astronomy spectroscopy proper-motions trigonometric-parallax radial-velocity Since identifying the gap in the H-R Diagram (HRD) marking the transition between partially and fully-convective interiors, a unique type of slowly pulsating M-dwarf has been proposed. These unstable M-dwarfs provide new laboratories in which to understand how changing interior structures can produce potentially observable activity at the surface. In this work, we report the results of the largest high-resolution spectroscopic H{alpha} emission survey to date spanning this transition region, including 480 M-dwarfs observed using the CHIRON spectrograph at CTIO/SMARTS 1.5m. We find that M dwarfs with H{alpha} in emission are almost entirely found 0-0.5mag above the top edge of the gap in the HRD, whereas effectively no stars in and below the gap show emission. Thus, the top edge of the gap marks a relatively sharp activity transition, and there is no anomalous H{alpha} activity for stars in the gap. We also identify a new region at 10.3<MG<10.8 on the main sequence where fewer M-dwarfs exhibit H{alpha} emission compared to M dwarfs above and below this magnitude range. Careful evaluation of the results in the literature indicates that (1) rotation and H{alpha} activity distributions on the main-sequence are closely related, and (2) fewer stars in this absolute magnitude range rotate in less than ~13days than populations surrounding this region. This result suggests that the most massive fully-convective stars lose their angular momentum faster than both partially convective stars and less massive fully-convective stars. 2023AJ....166...63J https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/166/63 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to III/198 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopic survey (Hawley+ 1997) J/AJ/113/806 : M-Subdwarfs (Gizis 1997) J/AJ/123/3356 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectro survey. III. (Gizis+, 2002) J/MNRAS/390/545 : Magnetic field & velocity of early M dwarfs (Donati+, 2008) J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008) J/AJ/141/97 : SDSS DR7 M dwarfs (West+, 2011) J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013) J/ApJ/795/161 : Activity & rotation in Praesepe & Hyades (Douglas+, 2014) J/ApJ/788/81 : BANYAN III. RVel & rotation of low-mass stars (Malo+, 2014) J/ApJ/812/3 : MEarth midtolate Mdwarfs rotation & kinematics (West+, 2015) J/AJ/154/124 : M dwarfs-long-term photometric variability (Clements+, 2017) J/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017) J/MNRAS/475/1960 : ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter obs. of M dwarfs (Fouque+, 2018) J/AJ/156/140 : 4 eclipsing mid M-dwarf systems from MEarth (Irwin+, 2018) J/A+A/614/A76 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. III. (Jeffers+, 2018) J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019) J/ApJ/904/140 : Ruprecht 147 members & rot. data 5 other cl. (Curtis+, 2020) J/A+A/635/A43 : Stellar rot periods from K2 Campaigns 0-18 (Reinhold+, 2020) J/AJ/161/277 : Sample of 45 H{alpha}EW outliers (Kiman+, 2021) J/ApJ/921/53 : IGRINS YSO survey. I. Tau-Aur (Lopez-Valdivia+, 2021) J/AJ/162/176 : The solar neighborhood. XLVIII. (Paredes+, 2021) J/ApJ/916/77 : K2 rot periods for SDSS & Gaia Mdwarfs (Popinchalk+, 2021) J/ApJS/253/19 : Halpha and other EWs of LAMOST M-type stars (Zhang+, 2021) J/AJ/163/257 : Properties of 125 Mdwarfs in southern CVZ (Anthony+, 2022) J/AJ/164/251 : ZTF measured rotational per of 40553 M-G-dwarfs (Lu+, 2022) J/AJ/163/278 : Stellar populations in IC 2602 and IC 2391 (Nisak+, 2022) J/A+A/662/A41 : Magnetic fields in 292 M dwarfs. (Reiners+, 2022) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/63 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/63 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/63 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/63 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/63 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/63 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/AJ/166/63/table1 (Selected M-dwarf targets close to the Gap) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/63/table1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/63/table1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/63/table1? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 0.069249 32.65278389 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/AJ/166/63/table4 (Results) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/63/table4? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/63/table4? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/63/table4? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 1.776625 -25.4143472 0.005555555555555556 6/0 3 11 16 24 33-34 45 63 77 80 115 127 136 139 142 174 180 187 206-207 212 224 229 244 250 269 280 293 304 332 340 351 370 411-412 430 432 452 490 513 552 557 578 590 613 618 636 643 650 659 663 678 687 703 707-708 750 757 763 773 775 801 808 811 827-828 844 855 882 926 951 966 1027 1042 1052 1090 1159 1538 1901 2053 2073 2079 2164 2167 2169 2211-2212 2222 2240 2273 2277 2294 2319 2322 2568 2587 2604 2649 2787 3543 3924 3984 4038 4114 4142 4153 4159 4188 4192 4195 4203 4206 4212 4216 4222 4226 4250 4308 4314 4321 4339 4341 4344 4348 4355 4362 4365 4374 4390 4393 4416 4421 4433 4435-4436 4444 4462 4472 4488 4496 4502 4513 4529-4530 4542 4569 4579 4597 4617 4637 4657 4679 4716 4725 4754 4830 4849 4853 4870 4896 4904 4932-4933 4955-4956 4958 4972 4974 4986 5010 5013 5023 5050 5059 5069 5072 5082 5103-5104 5108 5117 5124 5135 5151 5177 5187-5188 5191 5194 5205 5220 5240 5267 5271 5273 5278-5279 5282 5285 5308 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38271 38359-38360 38372 38374 38597 38779 38798 38808 38897 38957 38959 39027 39051 39082 39131 39439 39473 39610 39842 40007 40035 40053 40301 40304 40335 40341-40342 40389 40395 40414 40418 40422 40427 40532 40536 40712 40714 40747 40792 40852 40902-40903 40913 40923 40938 41015 41039 42642 42856 42921 42981 43187 43318 43369 43457 43612 43716 43747 43826 43839 43850 43862 43949 44011 44014 44029 44420 44489 44563 44617 44655 44687 44921 44959 44992 45005 45027 45055 45069 45084 45106 45113 45121 45128 45146-45147 45158 45263 45271-45273 45293 45295 45305 45322 45343 45368-45369 45378 45393 45405 45432 45446 45471 45495 45547 45567 45644 45683 45847 45913-45914 45918 45927 45929 45990 46037 46039 46097 46100 46112 46154 46170 46173 46177 46189 46215-46216 46236 46276 46278 46287-46288 46299 46305 46314 46318 46323 46325 46345 46361 46364 46370 46379 46381 46396 46418 46425 46434 46445 46454 46456 46476 46495 46497 46504 46511 46518-46520 46523 46528 46530-46531 46534 46540 46542 46549 46565 46575 46581 46621 46628 46637 46640 46643 46651 46661 46665 46671 46673 46687-46688 46698 46702 46709 46712 46718 46720 46723 46736 46755 46767 46771 46783 46799 46807-46808 46824 46840-46841 46851 46885 46900 46910 46913-46914 46939 46942 46952 46985-46986 46993-46994 47009 47020 47039 47055 47067-47068 47086 47089-47090 47195 47217 47219 47298 47327 47367 47433 47452 47732 47953 48154 48181 48194 48196 48210 48235 48238 48242 48265 48390 48417 48436 48447 48493-48494 48529 48534 48566 48592 48597 48628 48934 48957 48970 48991 49016 1.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/166/63?format=ascii Optical default J/AJ/166/63/table1 Selected M-dwarf targets close to the Gap _RA.icrs Right ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into account deg pos.eq.ra indexed _DE.icrs Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into account deg pos.eq.dec indexed Obs meta.ref.url char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Gaia Gaia EDR3 identifier meta.id;meta.main primary RAICRS [0/360] Right Ascension (ICRS at Epoch=2016) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEICRS [-86/87] Declination (ICRS at Epoch=2016) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main plx [10/220] Gaia EDR3 parallax mas pos.parallax.trig float pmRA [-1222/1047] Gaia EDR3 proper motion in RA mas/yr pos.pm;pos.eq.ra double pmDE [-1666/796] Gaia EDR3 proper motion in DE mas/yr pos.pm;pos.eq.dec double RUWE [0.79/1.4] Gaia EDR3 Renormalised Unit Weight Error stat.error float Gmag [8.03/15] Gaia EDR3 G-band magnitude mag phot.mag;em.opt.V float BPmag [9.39/17] Gaia EDR3 BP-band magnitude mag phot.mag;em.opt.B float RPmag [6.87/14] Gaia EDR3 RP-band magnitude mag phot.mag;em.opt.R float
J/AJ/166/63/table4 Results Gaia Gaia EDR3 identifier meta.id;meta.main recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int objID Short Name used in this work meta.id char RAICRS [0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (ICRS at Epoch=2016) pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEICRS Degree of Declination (ICRS at Epoch=2016) pos.eq.dec;meta.main plx [13.8/202] Gaia EDR3 parallax mas pos.parallax.trig double RUWE [0.79/1.4] Gaia EDR3 Renormalised Unit Weight Error stat.error float Gmag [8.2/14] Gaia EDR3 G-band magnitude mag phot.mag;em.opt.V float BP-RP [2.4/2.6] Gaia EDR3 BP-RP color phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R float NN [0/10] Number of neighbors meta.number int Nvisit [1/3] Number of observations meta.number int decker Spectra were taken with CHIRON in fiber or slicer mode meta.note char Epoch [2018/2023] Epoch or RVel, years yr time.epoch double Act [AE] H{alpha} profile, A=absorption; E=emission meta.code char RVel [-139/104] Radial velocity km/s spect.dopplerVeloc float e_RVel [0.01/15] Uncertainty in RVel km/s stat.error;spect.dopplerVeloc float vsini [10.1/21.3]? Projected rotational velocity km/s phys.veloc.rotat float nullable e_vsini [0.9/2]? Uncertainty in vsini km/s stat.error;phys.veloc.rotat float nullable EW [-6.28/0.89] Equivalent width, Angstroms 0.1nm spect.line.eqWidth float e_EW [0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in EW 0.1nm stat.error;spect.line.eqWidth float CaH1 [0.15/1.16] CaH1 index meta.code;spect.index float binflag Binary flag, 1=possible binary meta.code char