J/AJ/165/177ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/165/177doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51650177CDSSullivan K.Kraus A.L.Huber D.Petigura E.A.Evans E.Dupuy T.,Zhang J.Berger T.A.Gaidos E.Mann A.W.2025-05-22T20:09:51Z2023-09-27T10:30:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsmultiple-starsvisible-astronomyspectroscopyinfrared-astronomyeffective-temperaturestellar-radiiBinary stars are ubiquitous; the majority of solar-type stars exist in binaries. Exoplanet occurrence rate is suppressed in binaries, but some multiples do still host planets. Binaries cause observational biases in planet parameters, with undetected multiplicity causing transiting planets to appear smaller than they truly are. We have analyzed the properties of a sample of 119 planet-host binary stars from the Kepler mission to study the underlying population of planets in binaries that fall in and around the radius valley, which is a demographic feature in period-radius space that marks the transition from predominantly rocky to predominantly gaseous planets. We found no statistically significant evidence for a radius gap for our sample of 122 planets in binaries when assuming that the primary stars are the planet hosts, with a low probability (p<0.05) of the binary planet sample radius distribution being consistent with the single-star population of small planets via an Anderson-Darling test. These results reveal demographic differences in the planet size distribution between planets in binary and single stars for the first time, showing that stellar multiplicity may fundamentally alter the planet formation process. A larger sample and further assessment of circumprimary versus circumsecondary transits is needed to either validate this nondetection or explore other scenarios, such as a radius gap with a location that is dependent on binary separation.2023AJ....165..177Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/165/177CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)J/ApJ/696/L84 : Primordial circumstellar disks binary systems (Cieza+, 2009)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJ/751/115 : Millimeter emission Taurus binary systems (Harris+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJ/746/154 : Kinematic parallaxes for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)J/A+A/556/A15 : Effective temperature scale of M dwarfs (Rajpurohit+, 2013)J/ApJS/211/2 : Stellar properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of 715 Kepler planet cands host stars (Law+, 2014)J/MNRAS/445/2758 : KIC giants Bayesian distances &extinctions (Rodrigues+ 2014)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/130 : Kepler multiple transiting planet systems (Wang+, 2015)J/AJ/152/18 : RoboAO Kepler planetary candidate survey II (Baranec+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)J/MNRAS/457/2877 : Kepler M dwarf stars revised properties (Gaidos+, 2016)J/AJ/152/8 : Impact stellar mult. on planetary systems I. (Kraus+, 2016)J/AJ/153/25 : NIR observations of 84 KOI systems (Atkinson+, 2017)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up observation program. I. (Furlan+, 2017)J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey. II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised stellar properties of Q1-17 Kepler (Mathur+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/AJ/153/66 : Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Cand. Survey. III. (Ziegler+, 2017)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planet cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)J/AJ/155/161 : Stars nearby Robo-AO Kepler planetary cands (Ziegler+, 2018)J/AJ/160/108 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties. II. Planets (Berger+, 2020)J/AJ/159/211 : Exoplanets parameters from Kepler and K2 (Cloutier+, 2020)J/ApJ/898/47 : Fe/H & radii blended sp. of simulated bin (Furlan+, 2020)J/ApJS/247/28 : K2 star parameters Gaia & LAMOST (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2020)J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)J/AJ/161/265 : Compared rotation periods 1189 CKS host stars (David+, 2021)J/AJ/162/110 : Gaia EDR3 census Taurus-Auriga complex (Krolikowski+, 2021)J/other/Sci/377.1211 : RV and LC of 8 M dwarf stars with planets (Luque+, 2022)J/AJ/163/179 : The California-Kepler Survey. X. (Petigura+, 2022)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanets archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/177https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/177http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/177https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/177https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/177http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/177GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/165/177/table2 (System parameters for each source)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/177/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/177/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/177/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true283.150668345.13981830.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/165/177/table4 (Planet parameter fit results for all planets in the binary KOI sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/177/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/177/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/177/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true283.150668345.13981830.0055555555555555566/14573 14579-14581 14584 14586-14588 14591 14730-14731 14734 14744 14753-14755 14758-14759 14762-14764 14767-14768 14770-14771 14774 14776 14778-14779 14781 14783 14816 14819 14824-14826 14921 14924 14927 14929-14930 14932-14934 14939-14940 14944 14947-14948 14950 14953-14954 14960 14966 14969-14971 14973 14975 15041 15043 15045 15105-15106 15109 15111 15113 15115 15121 15126 15128-15129 15132 15134 15139 15142-15143 15146 15149 15154-15156 15158 15168-15169 15171-151731.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/165/177?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/165/177/table2System parameters for each sourcerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler object of interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimarySep[0.01/1.98] angular separation, arcsecondsarcsecpos.angDistancefloatObs[2021/2022] Observation yeartime.epoch;obsrmag[9.29/15.7] r-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatSNR[37/2095] Signal-to-Noise Ratiostat.snrfloatimag[0.49/4.21]? SDSS i-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharlp600[0.04/4.34]? lp600 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_lp600[0.02/0.5]? Uncertainty in lp600magstat.errorfloatnullablegmag[0.002/4.24]? Gaia eDR3 g-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_gmag[0.005/0.1]? Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablem562nm[0/4.24]? 562nm magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_m562nm[0.1/0.2]? Uncertainty in m562nmmagstat.errorfloatnullablem692nm[0.12/6.05]? 692nm magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_m692nm[0.1/0.2]? Uncertainty in m692nmmagstat.errorfloatnullablem880nm[0.16/5.06]? 880num magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_m880nm[0.1/0.9]? Uncertainty in m880nmmagstat.errorfloatnullablejmag[0/5.1]? J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_jmag[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablehmag[0.11/0.66]? H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_hmag[0.02/0.06]? Uncertainty in hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablekpmag[0.001/3.43]? K' band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_kpmag[0.001/0.5]? Uncertainty in kpmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableNplanetsNumber of planets in this work (table4)meta.numberintnullable_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/165/177/table3Stellar parameter fit results for all KOIs in our sampleKOIKepler object of interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeff1[3575/6930] Stellar effective temperature, component 1Kphys.temperature.effectiveintE_Teff1[6/139] Upper uncertainty in Teff1Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_Teff1[7/786] Lower uncertainty in Teff1Kstat.errorintTeff2[3237/6878] Stellar effective temperature, component 2Kphys.temperature.effectiveintE_Teff2[8/1102] Upper uncertainty in Teff2Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_Teff2[7/149] Lower uncertainty in Teff2Kstat.errorintTeffkep[3460/6888] Stellar effective temperature, Kepler (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teffkep[68/299] Uncertainty in TeffkepKstat.errorintRad1[0.41/1.5] Stellar radius, component 1solRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad1[0/0.07] Upper uncertainty in Rad1solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Rad1[0/0.3] Lower uncertainty in Rad2solRadstat.errorfloatRad2/Rad1[0.34/1.02] Ratio, stellar radii, component 2 to 1phys.size.radius;arith.ratiofloatE_Rad2/Rad1[0/1] Upper uncertainty in Rad2/Rad1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Rad2/Rad1[0.0/0.06] Lower uncertainty in Rad2/Rad1stat.errorfloatRadkep[0.36/2.82] Stellar radius, Kepler (1)solRadphys.size.radiusfloate_Radkep[0.01/1] Uncertainty in RadkepsolRadstat.errorfloatfcorr-p[0.36/1.76] Planetary radius correction factor, if primary hostarith.factorfloatE_fcorr-p[0.02/2] Upper uncertainty in fcorr-pstat.error;stat.maxfloate_fcorr-p[0.02/0.4] Lower uncertainty in fcorr-pstat.errorfloatfcorr-s[0.56/5.16] Planetary radius correction factor, if secondary hostarith.factorfloatE_fcorr-s[0.03/2] Upper uncertainty in fcorr-sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_fcorr-s[0.03/1] Lower uncertainty in fcorr-sstat.errorfloatJ/AJ/165/177/table4Planet parameter fit results for all planets in the binary KOI samplePlanetPlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.mainfloatKOIKepler object of interest identifiermeta.id.parentintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRad1[0.58/590] Planet radius, primary as host(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad1[0.05/51] Upper uncertainty in Rad1(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloate_Rad1[0.05/50] Lower uncertainty in Rad1(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatRad2[0.73/1589] Planet radius, secondary as host(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad2[0.06/144] Upper uncertainty in Rad2(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloate_Rad2[0.01/138] Lower uncertainty in Rad2(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatRadkep[0.36/577] Planet radius, Kepler (1)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloate_Radkep[0.02/31] Uncertainty in Radkep(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatTeq1[147/2882] Planet equilibrium temperature, primary as hostKphys.temperatureintE_Teq1[5/359] Upper uncertainty in Teq1Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_Teq1[5/384] Lower uncertainty in Teq1Kstat.errorintTeq2[55/2592] Planet equilibrium temperature, secondary as hostKphys.temperatureintE_Teq2[4/303] Upper uncertainty in Teq2Kstat.error;stat.maxinte_Teq2[4/305] Lower uncertainty in Teq2Kstat.errorintTeqkep[149/3653] Planet equilibrium temperature, Kepler (1)Kphys.temperatureintS1[0.28/15156] Isolation, Earth units, primary hostmeta.codedoubleE_S1[0.02/947] Upper uncertainty in S1stat.error;stat.maxfloate_S1[0.02/950] Lower uncertainty in S1stat.errorfloatS2[0.02/9992] Isolation, Earth units, secondary hostmeta.codefloatE_S2[0/695] Upper uncertainty in S2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_S2[0/707] Lower uncertainty in S2stat.errorfloatSkep[0.12/41864] Isolation, Earth units, Kepler (1)meta.codedoublee_Skep[0.03/29069] Uncertainty in Skepstat.errordouble_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable