J/AJ/164/244ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/164/244doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51640244CDSFactor S.M.,Kraus A.L.2023-05-26T08:49:31Z2023-02-23T11:33:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbrown-dwarfsinfrared-photometryFilling out the dearth of detections between direct imaging and radial velocity surveys will test theories of planet formation and (sub)stellar binarity across the full range of semimajor axes, connecting formation of close- to wide-separation gas giants and substellar companions. Direct detection of close-in companions is notoriously difficult: coronagraphs and point-spread function subtraction techniques fail near the {lambda}/D diffraction limit. We present a new faint companion detection pipeline called Argus that analyzes kernel phases, an interferometric observable analogous to closure phases from nonredundant aperture masking but utilizing the full unobscured telescope aperture. We demonstrate the pipeline, and the power of interferometry, by performing a companion search on the entire HST/NICMOS F110W and F170M image archive of 114 nearby brown dwarfs (observed in seven different programs). Our pipeline is able to detect companions down to flux ratios of ~102 at half the classical diffraction limit. We discover no new companions, but recover and refine astrometry of 19 previous imaging companions (two with multiple epochs) and confirm two previous kernel-phase detections. We discuss the limitations of this technique with respect to nondetections of previously confirmed or proposed companions. We present contrast curves to enable population studies to leverage nondetections and to demonstrate the strength of this technique at separations inaccessible to classical imaging techniques. The binary fraction of our sample ({epsilon}_b_=14.4_-3.0_^+4.7^%) is consistent with previous binary surveys, even with sensitivity to much tighter separation companions.2022AJ....164..244Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/164/244CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)J/ApJ/564/421 : Spectra of T dwarfs. I. (Burgasser+, 2002)J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)J/A+A/440/1061 : Southern red high proper motion objects (Lodieu+, 2005)J/ApJ/637/1067 : Near-IR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)J/AJ/131/2722 : New L and T dwarfs from the SDSS (Chiu+, 2006)J/AJ/132/891 : Binaries among nearby L dwarfs (Reid+, 2006)J/AJ/133/2258 : Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2007)J/ApJ/676/1281 : L and T dwarfs in 2MASS/SDSS (Metchev+, 2008)J/AJ/136/1290 : Ultracool dwarfs from the 2MASS (Reid+, 2008)J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)J/AJ/137/1 : Proper motions & astrometry late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)J/ApJ/710/1142 : SpeX spectroscopy of low mass binaries. I. (Burgasser+, 2010)J/A+A/522/A112 : i'z' photometry of L5 & later dwarf candidates (Reyle+, 2010)J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)J/AJ/144/99 : Near-IR spectroscopy of 36 late M dwarfs (Deshpande+, 2012)J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)J/ApJ/752/56 : BDKP. III. Parallaxes for 70 ultracool dwarfs (Faherty+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/141 : Companion IR detection limit young associations (Kraus+, 2012)J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in the CDFS (Buchner+, 2014)J/AJ/147/34 : SpeX library of L-type dwarfs (Schneider+, 2014)J/ApJS/219/33 : BANYAN. VII. Candidate YMG members from BASS (Gagne+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/3651 : L and T dwarfs from UKIDSS LAS (Marocco+, 2015)J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/36 : The AllWISE motion survey (AllWISE2) (Kirkpatrick+, 2016)J/ApJ/833/96 : Hawaii IR parallax program. II. Ultracool dwarfs (Liu+, 2016)J/A+A/589/A49 : Photometric brown-dwarf classification (Skrzypek+, 2016)J/AJ/154/147 : Astrometry&photometry late-type dwarfs&subdwarfs (Dahn+, 2017)J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring ultracool dwarf binaries (Dupuy+, 2017)J/ApJS/234/1 : Catalog M, L, & T dwarfs from PS1 3{pi} Survey (Best+, 2018)J/MNRAS/481/3548 : Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects (Smart+, 2018)J/ApJS/240/19 : Parallaxes of late-T and Y dwarfs (Kirkpatrick+, 2019)J/AJ/159/257 : Hawaii IR plx program. IV. L0-T8 BDs with UKIRT (Best+, 2020)J/A+A/634/A1 : NGC 1068 GRAVITY reconstructed image (GRAVITY+, 2020)J/AJ/161/42 : Volume-limited sample cool dwarfs I L0-T8 dwarfs (Best+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/244https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/244http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/164/244https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/244https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/244http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/164/244GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/164/244/table2 (Target information)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/244/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/244/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/164/244/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.14528-40.73512890.0055555555555555566/221 586 2202 2502 2789 4116 4253 4719 4790 5320 6047 6328 6613 6783 7220 7291 7440 7533 7985 8348 8402 8478 8495 8794 8808 9009 9385 9479 9569 11292 11453 11719 12466 13425 13432 13559 13678 13885 15085 16609 17075 17530 17814 18032 18060 18266 18300 18683 19144 19369 19647 19763 19857 20993 21209 21861 22521 22681 22759 22810 22950 23010 23471 23997 24590 25314 25558 26210 26248 26282 26300 26861 27019 27058 27074 28006 28316 28346 29987 30061 31009 31011 31268 31319 32337 32650 33257 33767 34622 34660 34780 35106 35412 35499 35902 35906 36072 36602 36845 39482 40191 40332 40738 40882 41984 43475 44807 45564 46138 46334 47192 48907 48957 49139https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/164/244?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/164/244/table2Target informationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS identifier (2 SDSS)meta.id;meta.maincharONameOther identifiermeta.idcharSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpT[3/42] Reference flag for SpTypemeta.ref;pos.frameintplx[23.7/276] Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.06/13] Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatr_plx[2/48] Reference flag for plxmeta.ref;pos.frameintJmag[8.66/17] Apparent J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.008/0.2] Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatr_Jmag[1/37] Reference flag for Jmagmeta.ref;pos.frameintHmag[8.16/16.9] Apparent H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatr_Hmag[1/25] Reference flag of Hmagmeta.ref;pos.frameintGaiaGaia identifiermeta.idcharHSTHST program identifier(s)meta.idcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/AJ/164/244/refsReferences usedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRef[1/48] Reference codemeta.noteintAuthorMain authormeta.bib.authorcharBIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharCat.Catalog in Viziermeta.notechar