J/AJ/163/178ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/163/178doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51630178CDSVrijmoet E.H.Tokovinin A.Henry T.J.Winters J.G.Horch E.Jao W.-C.2024-10-11T20:10:13Z2022-05-16T07:28:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometrytwo-color-diagramstrigonometric-parallaxastrometryWe present the first results of a multiyear program to map the orbits of M-dwarf multiples within 25pc. The observations were conducted primarily during 2019-2020 using speckle interferometry at the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope in Chile, using the High-Resolution Camera mounted on the adaptive optics module (HRCam+SAM). The sample of nearby M dwarfs is drawn from three sources: multiples from the RECONS long-term astrometric monitoring program at the SMARTS 0.9m; known multiples, for which these new observations will enable or improve orbit fits; and candidate multiples flagged by their astrometric fits in Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2). We surveyed 333 of our 338 M dwarfs via 830 speckle observations, detecting companions for 63% of the stars. Most notably, this includes new companions for 76% of the subset selected from Gaia DR2. In all, we report the first direct detections of 97 new stellar companions to the observed M dwarfs. Here we present the properties of those detections, the limits of each nondetection, and five orbits with periods 0.67-29yr already observed as part of this program. Companions detected have projected separations of 0.024-2.0" (0.25-66au) from their primaries and have {Delta}I<~5.0mag. This multiyear campaign will ultimately map complete orbits for nearby M dwarfs with periods up to 3yr, and provide key epochs to stretch orbital determinations for binaries to 30yr.2022AJ....163..178Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/163/178CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)III/119 : Spectral classifications of proper motion stars (Bidelman+ 1985)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/108/2338 : Photographic astrometry. VIII. (Heintz 1994)J/A+A/341/121 : Visual binary orbits and masses (Soederhjelm 1999)J/AJ/121/2189 : Stars within 8 pc of the Sun (Oppenheimer+, 2001)J/A+A/505/859 : M dwarfs radial velocities (Zechmeister+, 2009)J/MNRAS/403/1949 : UBV(RcIc)JHK photometry of HIP nearby stars (Koen+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/AJ/139/743 : Speckle interferometry in 2008-09 (Tokovinin+, 2010)J/AJ/144/64 : Solar neighborhood. XXVIII. Substellar comp (Dieterich+, 2012)J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 20)J/AJ/143/93 : Rotational velocities in early-M stars (Reine+, 2012)J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 201J/MNRAS/429/859 : New companions to nearby low-mass stars (Jodar+, 2013)J/ApJ/784/156 : Parallaxes 1507 nearby mid-to-late M dwarfs (Dittmann+, 2014)J/ApJS/214/17 : Orbital monitoring of AstraLux binaries (Janson+, 2014)J/AJ/147/85 : Solar neighborhood. XXXIII. 45 M dwarfs (Riedel+, 2014)J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)J/AJ/150/50 : Speckle interferometry at SOAR in 2014 (Tokovinin+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/2618 : M-dwarfs in Multiples (MinMs) survey. I. (Ward-Duong+, 2015)J/AJ/149/5 : Solar neighborhood. XXXV. Dist to M dwarfs (Winters+, 2015)J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring ultracool dwarf binaries (Dupuy+, 2017)J/ApJ/846/93 : Multiplicity of M dwarfs in young moving groups (Shan+, 2017)J/AJ/154/110 : Orbits based SOAR speckle interferometry. II (Tokovinin, 2017)J/AJ/153/14 : Solar neighbor. XXXVIII. Near M dwarf systems (Winters+, 2017)J/A+A/619/A32 : CARMENES SB2 orbital parameters (Baroch+, 2018)J/AJ/155/265 : The solar neighborhood. XLIV RECONS discoveries (Henry+, 2018)J/A+A/614/A76 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. III. (Jeffers+, 2018)J/AJ/155/215 : Speckle interferometry of red dwarf stars (Mason+, 2018)J/AJ/156/49 : The solar neighborhood. XLIII New nearby stars (Riedel+, 2018)J/A+A/623/A72 : Binarity of Hipparcos stars Gaia pm anomaly (Kervella+, 2019)J/ApJ/871/63 : How to constrain M dwarf. II. Nearby binaries (Mann+, 2019)J/AJ/158/48 : Speckle interferometry at SOAR in 2018 (Tokovinin+, 2019)J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar mult. rate of M dwarfs within 25pc (Winters+, 2019)J/AJ/160/7 : 2019 SOAR speckle interfer. of binary stars (Tokovinin+, 2020)J/AJ/160/215 : Solar neighborhood.XLVI. New Mdwarf binaries (Vrijmoet+, 2020)J/AJ/161/106 : Radial velocities of 12 Psc and HD 159062 (Bowler+, 2021)J/ApJS/254/42 : Hipparcos-Gaia (EDR3) Catalog of Accelerations (Brandt, 2021)J/AJ/162/41 : Speckle interferometry at SOAR in 2020 (Tokovinin+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/178https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/178http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/178https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/178https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/178http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/178GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/163/178/table1 (Target list for the SOAR speckle program for 25pc M dwarfs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/178/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/178/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/178/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.6635-7.09330560.0055555555555555566/250 265 309 2058 4099 4158 4250 4297 4693 4708 8440 8996 9042 12454 12616 12679 16502 16543 16827 16993 17006 17045 17058 17097 17124 17186 17190 17202 17300 17349 17358 17366 17423 17511 17534 17875 17890 17943 17946 17964 18440 18450 18588 18727 18856 19040 19516 19777 19879 19886 19895 20507 20598 20748 20795 21050 21061 21136 21149 21180 21337 21420 21504 21646 21660 21979 22014 22040 22060 22148 22170 22179 22309 22325 22535 22575-22576 22603-22604 22636 22904 22992 23078 23388 23399 23719 24356 24362 24603 24713 24799 24887 25010 25036 25055 25300 25528 25616 25733 25828 25849 26005 26063 26279 26555 26594 26699 26726 26742 26755 27166 27204 27462 27611 27730-27731 28816 28863 28928 29099 29158 29206 29539 29685 29847 30091 30327 30350 30626 30729 30735 30833 30978 31013 31031 31035 31072 31226 31781 31787 32093 32229 32262 32296 32444 33050 33071 33379 33425 33552 33579 33713 33964 33966 33983 34145 34266 34369 34448 34561 34622 34701 34791 34921 35112 35154 35247 35288 35366 35375 35497 35517 35520 35759 35918 35950 36061 36160 36313 36460 36511 36526 36614 36693 36872 36903 37005 37073 37096 37131 37257 37377 37442 37461 37678 37769 38036 38054 38322 38430 38464 38486 38595 38646 38672 38675 38876 38932 38967 38986 39242 39331 39499 39581 39585 39792 39829 39876 40113 40115 40167 40197 40225 40233 40373 40411 40430 40435 40496 40679 40688 40760 40801 40932 41090 41141 41377 41575 41591 41811 41854 42054 42092 42314 42340 42426 42459 42502 42558 42761 42767 42784 42888 42898 43149 43413 43444 43545 43569 43611 43721 43758 44001 44078 44284 44291 44294 44437 44541 44628 44658 44818 44866 44921-44922 44937 45224 45249 45269 45389 45419 45474 45585 45701 45740 45752-45753 45962 46015 46031 46256 46417 46463 46466 46504 46566 46656 46665 46698 46718 46731 46736 46739 46750 46815 46840 46892 46926 46986 47054 47219 47347 47453 47732 47889 47912 47936 47949 47951 48066 48093 48423 48516 48671 48800 48935 48985https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/163/178?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/163/178/table1Target list for the SOAR speckle program for 25pc M dwarfsr_plxReference for plxmeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainWDSWDS catalog identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryDisDiscoverer codemeta.idcharNameCommon identifiermeta.idcharplx[14.1/769] Parallaxarcsecpos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.01/15] Uncertainty in plxarcsecstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatVmag[7.34/18.6] Apparent V band Vega magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatr_VmagReference for Vmagmeta.ref;pos.framechar(V-K)[3.55/11.5] The (V-K) color (2)magphot.color;em.opt.V;em.IR.KfloatPBSystem with perturbations in RECONS astrometry residuals; S2.1 (3)meta.codecharMultKnown binary from literature; S2.2 (3)meta.code.multipcharDR2multSystem with multiplicy evidence in Gaia DR2; S2.3 (3)meta.code.multipcharSOARResSOAR resolutions/non-resolutions from previous work (4)meta.codecharrOrbitOrbit reference (5)meta.bibcharNobsNumber of observation(s) (table2)meta.numberintnullableJ/AJ/163/178/table2Results of observations through 2020 in the SOAR speckle program for 25pc M dwarfsWDSWDS catalog identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintResFirst resolution (2)pos.angResolutioncharObs.Y[2018/2021] Fractional year of the observationyrtime.epoch;obsdoubleRes?Resolved? Yes or Nometa.codecharSep[0.02/0.94]? Angular separation between componentsarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablePA[5/360]? Position angle between componentsdegpos.posAngfloatnullableDmag[0/4.6]? Magnitude difference between componentsmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableSepmin[0.03/0.29]? Minimum separation distinguishable for pairs with Dmag< 1 (3)arcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloatnullableDmag0.15[0/3.6]? Magnitude difference 0.15" from primary (3)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableDmag1.0[1.6/5.7]? Magnitude difference 1" from primary (3)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableFlagsObservation flags (4)meta.code.errorcharJ/AJ/163/178/refsReferences usedRefReferencemeta.ref;pos.framecharAutorMain autorobs.observercharBIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharCat.Catalog in viziermeta.notecharNoteAdditionnal note or commentmeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint