J/AJ/163/128ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/163/128doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51630128CDSWilson R.F.Canas C.I.Majewski S.R.Cunha K.Smith V.V.Bender C.F.,Mahadevan S.Fleming S.W.Teske J.Ghezzi L.Jonsson H.Beaton R.L.,Hasselquist S.Stassun K.Nitschelm C.Garcia-Hernandez D.A.Hayes C.R.,Tayar J.2023-11-07T05:13:33Z2022-05-06T06:21:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopymetallicitystellar-massesradio-astronomyThe chemical abundances of planet-hosting stars offer a glimpse into the composition of planet-forming environments. To further understand this connection, we make the first ever measurement of the correlation between planet occurrence and chemical abundances for ten different elements (C, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Ni). Leveraging data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and Gaia to derive precise stellar parameters ({sigma}_R_*~2.3%, {sigma}_M_*~4.5%) for a sample of 1018 Kepler Objects of Interest, we construct a sample of well-vetted Kepler planets with precisely measured radii ({sigma}_R_p~3.4%). After controlling for biases in the Kepler detection pipeline and the selection function of the APOGEE survey, we characterize the relationship between planet occurrence and chemical abundance as the number density of nuclei of each element in a star's photosphere raised to a power, {beta}. varies by planet type, but is consistent within our uncertainties across all ten elements. For hot planets (P=1-10days), an enhancement in any element of 0.1dex corresponds to an increased occurrence of ~20% for super-Earths (Rp=1-1.9R{Earth}) and ~60% for sub-Neptunes (Rp=1.9-4R{Earth}). Trends are weaker for warm (P=10-100days) planets of all sizes and for all elements, with the potential exception of sub-Saturns (Rp=4-8R{Earth}). Finally, we conclude this work with a caution to interpreting trends between planet occurrence and stellar age due to degeneracies caused by Galactic chemical evolution and make predictions for planet occurrence rates in nearby open clusters to facilitate demographics studies of young planetary systems.2022AJ....163..128Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/163/128CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)J/A+A/415/1153 : [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars (Santos+, 2004)J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/A+A/487/373 : Spectroscopic parameters of 451 HARPS-GTO stars (Sousa+, 2008)J/A+A/497/497 : Physical parameters from JHK flux (Gonzalez-Hernandez+, 2009)J/ApJ/720/1290 : Abundances of stars hosting planets (Ghezzi+, 2010)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/A+A/547/A36 : Chemical abundances of 87 KOIs (Adibekyan++, 2012)J/MNRAS/423/122 : Abundances of 93 solar-type Kepler targets (Bruntt+, 2012)J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)J/ApJ/771/107 : Spectroscopy of faint KOI stars (Everett+, 2013)J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates KOI stars (Burke+, 2015)J/ApJ/810/95 : Kepler pipeline S/N studies II 2011 data (Christiansen+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/45 : Potent. habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)J/ApJS/221/24 : SDSS-III APOGEE H-band spectral line lists (Shetrone+, 2015)J/ApJS/225/32 : Extended abundance analysis of cool stars (Brewer+, 2016)J/ApJ/828/99 : Kepler pipeline transit signal. III. (Christiansen+, 2016)J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for 15 APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)J/AJ/152/187 : Planet occurrence & stellar metallicity KOIs (Mulders+, 2016)J/A+A/585/A150 : On the metallicity of open clusters. III. (Netopil+, 2016)J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016)J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search (DR25) (Twicken+, 2016)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star plxes from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey. II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)J/AJ/153/142 : Rvel of systems hosting sub-Saturns (Petigura+, 2017)J/AJ/154/224 : Transiting planets in young clusters from K2 (Rizzuto+, 2017)J/AJ/153/211 : Differential photometry of F-subgiant HAT-P-67 (Zhou+, 2017)J/ApJ/866/99 : Radii of KIC stars & planets using Gaia DR2 (Berger+, 2018)J/AJ/156/264 : California-Kepler Survey VII Planet radius gap (Fulton+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A10 : 46 open clusters GaiaDR2 HRdiagrams (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/860/109 : Keck HIRES obs. 245 subgiants (retired Astars) (Ghezzi+, 2018)J/AJ/155/89 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). IV. Planets (Petigura+, 2018)J/AJ/155/68 : Elemental abundances of KOIs in APOGEE. I. (Wilson+, 2018)J/AJ/158/190 : Main sequence hot Jupiter hosts good astrometry (Hamer+, 2019)J/AJ/158/109 : Occurrence rates of planets orbiting FGK stars (Hsu+, 2019)J/A+A/624/A94 : The role of the host star's metallicity (Maldonado+, 2019)J/ApJ/871/63 : How to constrain M dwarf. II. Nearby binaries (Mann+, 2019)J/ApJ/875/29 : Spectroscopic analysis of the CKS sample. I. (Martinez+, 2019)J/AJ/160/108 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties cat. II Planets (Berger+, 2020)J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties cat.I KIC stars (Berger+, 2020)J/AJ/159/199 : OCCAM. IV. Open cluster abundances APOGEE DR16 (Donor+, 2020)J/A+A/634/A136 : Chemical sulfur abundances 719 FGK stars (Costa Silva+, 2020)J/A+A/655/A99 : Chemical abundances of 762 FGK stars (Delgado Mena+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/128https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/128http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/163/128https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/128https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/128http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/163/128GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/163/128/table1 (Derived properties for 1018 KOIs in APOGEE)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true283.150666745.13980560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/163/128/table2 (Derived properties and ASPCAP-derived chemical abundances for each star)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true283.732291745.16194440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/163/128/table3 (Planet properties and ASPCAP-derived host star chemical abundances for each planet candidate)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/163/128/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.048743136.83987610.0055555555555555565/3646-3647 3690 3694 3706 3741-3742 3778 3780 3784-3785 3792 6/14567 14573 14575 14577-14580 14582 14733-14735 14744 14746 14752 14757 14759 14765-14767 14770 14780 14782-14783 14816 14830 14918 14921 14924 14930-14931 14933 14935-14937 14939 14954-14955 14957-14959 14961-14963 14972-14974 15057 15060 15104-15106 15109 15111 15117-15119 15124-15126 15129-15132 15134 15145-15146 15149-15150 15160 15172-15174 15176https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/163/128?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/AJ/163/128/table1Derived properties for 1018 KOIs in APOGEEKICKepler Input Catalog Identifiermeta.id.crossintE_Fe/H[0.01/0.2] Derived posterior 84th percentile in Fe/Hlog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatMass[0.35/2.06] MasssolMassphys.massfloate_Mass[0.003/0.3] Derived posterior 16th percentile in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableDist[37.7/4427] Distancepcpos.distancefloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeff[3677/7093] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[18/210] Derived posterior 16th percentile TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintE_Teff[20/196] Derived posterior 84th percentile TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[1.02/4.93] log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg[0.004/0.09] Derived posterior 16th percentile in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;phys.gravityfloatE_logg[0.003/0.2] Derived posterior 84th percentile in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;phys.gravityfloatFe/H[-0.99/0.37] Metallicity, loglog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_Fe/H[0.01/0.1] Derived posterior 16th percentile in Fe/Hlog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatE_Mass[0.005/0.3] Derived posterior 84th percentile in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatRad[0.33/56.8] RadiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0.003/5] Derived posterior 16th percentile RadsolRadstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad[0.003/6] Derived posterior 84th percentile RadsolRadstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatLum[-1.72/2.83] log luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_Lum[0.01/0.1] Derived posterior 16th percentile Lumlog(solLum)stat.error;phys.luminosityfloatE_Lum[0.01/0.2] Derived posterior 84th percentile Lumlog(solLum)stat.error;phys.luminosityfloatrho[-5.2/1] log density in solar unitsphys.densityfloate_rho[0.2/6] Derived posterior 16th percentile in rhostat.error;phys.densityfloatE_rho[0.3/6] Derived posterior 84th percentile in rhostat.error;phys.densityfloate_Dist[0.04/386] Derived posterior 16th percentile in Distpcstat.error;pos.distancefloatE_Dist[0.04/446] Derived posterior 84th percentile in Distpcstat.error;pos.distancefloatE(B-V)[0.004/0.19] Reddeningmagphot.color.excessfloate_E(B-V)[0.003/0.05] Derived posterior 16th percentile in E(B-V)magstat.error;phot.color.excessfloatE_E(B-V)[0.004/0.06] Derived posterior 84th percentile in E(B-V)magstat.error;phot.color.excessfloatNpNumber of planets (table3)meta.numberintnullable_RAPosition from 2MASS name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from 2MASS name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainAPOGEEAPOGGE star identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharJ/AJ/163/128/table2Derived properties and ASPCAP-derived chemical abundances for each starlogg[4.03/4.67] log surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg[0.005/0.08] Derived posterior 16th percentile in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;phys.gravityfloatMass[0.63/1.28] MasssolMassphys.massfloat[Si/Fe][-0.27/0.32] log Si/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Si/Fe][0.01/0.03] Uncertainty in [Si/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Mg/Fe][-0.19/0.4] log Mg/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAPOGEEAPOGGE star identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharTeff[4714/6160] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[47/170] Derived posterior 16th percentile in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintE_Teff[51/176] Derived posterior 84th percentile in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintE_logg[0.004/0.07] Derived posterior 84th percentile in logglog(cm.s**-2)stat.error;phys.gravityfloate_Mass[0.01/0.06] Derived posterior 16th percentile in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatE_Mass[0.009/0.07] Derived posterior 84th percentile in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatRad[0.65/1.69] RadiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0.007/0.09] Derived posterior 16th percentile in RadsolRadstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad[0.006/0.2] Derived posterior 84th percentile in RadsolRadstat.error;phys.size.radiusfloat[Fe/H][-0.59/0.22] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H][0.008/0.03] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloat[Ni/Fe][-0.13/0.17] log Ni/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Ni/Fe][0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in [Ni/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloate_[Mg/Fe][0.01/0.03] Uncertainty in [Mg/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[C/Fe][-0.35/0.24] log C/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[C/Fe][0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in [C/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Al/Fe][-0.55/0.53]? log Al/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abunddoublenullablee_[Al/Fe][0.02/0.06]? Uncertainty in [Al/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Ca/Fe][-0.35/0.21] log Ca/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Ca/Fe][0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in [Ca/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Mn/Fe][-0.27/1.1] log Mn/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Mn/Fe][0.01/0.06] Uncertainty in [Mn/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[S/Fe][-0.45/0.42]? log S/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abunddoublenullablee_[S/Fe][0.039/0.086]? Uncertainty in [S/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[K/Fe][-0.25/0.81] log K/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[K/Fe][0.02/0.1] Uncertainty in [K/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat_RAPosition from 2MASS name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from 2MASS name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/163/128/table3Planet properties and ASPCAP-derived host star chemical abundances for each planet candidate[K/Fe][-1.23/0.47]? log K/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abunddoublenullablee_[K/Fe][0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in [K/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abunddoublenullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RAPositions from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAPOGEEAPOGGE star identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharKICKepler Input Catalog identifiermeta.id.crossintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifiermeta.id.crossfloatPer[0.55884/289.86446] Planetary orbital perioddtime.perioddoubleRad[0.44/15.2] Planetary radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0.01/0.7] Uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloat[Fe/H][-0.53/0.34] Host star metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H][0.006/0.03] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloat[Ni/Fe][-0.2/0.24] log Ni/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Ni/Fe][0.01/0.06] Uncertainty in [Ni/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Si/Fe][-0.24/0.24] log Si/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Si/Fe][0.007/0.04] Uncertainty in [Si/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Mg/Fe][-0.22/0.35] log Mg/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Mg/Fe][0.008/0.04] Uncertainty in [Mg/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[C/Fe][-0.33/0.38] log C/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[C/Fe][0.01/0.07] Uncertainty in [C/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Al/Fe][-1.79/0.685]? log Al/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abunddoublenullablee_[Al/Fe][0.015/0.08]? Uncertainty in [Al/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable[Ca/Fe][-0.43/0.84] log Ca/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Ca/Fe][0.008/0.06] Uncertainty in [Ca/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Mn/Fe][-0.38/0.35] log Mn/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Mn/Fe][0.01/0.07] Uncertainty in [Mn/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[S/Fe][-0.58/0.57]? log S/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abunddoublenullablee_[S/Fe][0.03/0.1]? Uncertainty in [S/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abunddoublenullable_DEPositions from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable