J/AJ/161/179ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/161/179doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51610179CDSBrandt G.M.Brandt T.D.Dupuy T.J.Li Y.Michalik D.2022-01-17T12:30:15Z2021-07-15T09:04:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsastrometryinfrared-astronomyWe present a comprehensive orbital analysis to the exoplanets {beta}Pictoris b and c that resolves previously reported tensions between the dynamical and evolutionary mass constraints on {beta}Picb. We use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo orbit code orvara to fit 15years of radial velocities and relative astrometry (including recent GRAVITY measurements), absolute astrometry from Hipparcos and Gaia, and a single relative radial velocity measurement between {beta}Pic A and b. We measure model-independent masses of 9.3_-2.5_^+2.6^M_Jup_ for {beta}Picb and 8.3{+/-}1.0M_Jup_ for {beta}Picc. These masses are robust to modest changes to the input data selection. We find a well-constrained eccentricity of 0.119{+/-}0.008 for {beta}Picb, and an eccentricity of 0.21_-0.09_^+0.16^ for {beta}Picc, with the two orbital planes aligned to within ~0.5{deg}. Both planets' masses are within ~1{sigma} of the predictions of hot-start evolutionary models and exclude cold starts. We validate our approach on N-body synthetic data integrated using REBOUND. We show that orvara can account for three-body effects in the {beta}Pic system down to a level ~5 times smaller than the GRAVITY uncertainties. Systematics in the masses and orbital parameters from orvara's approximate treatment of multiplanet orbits are a factor of ~5 smaller than the uncertainties we derive here. Future GRAVITY observations will improve the constraints on {beta}Picc's mass and (especially) eccentricity, but improved constraints on the mass of {beta}Picb will likely require years of additional radial velocity monitoring and improved precision from future Gaia data releases.2021AJ....161..179Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/161/179CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toI/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)J/A+A/542/A18 : {beta}Pic Harps radial velocity data (Lagrange+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/174 : Evolutionary models young gas-giant planets (Spiegel+, 2012)J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)J/A+A/607/A25 : beta Pic HARPS spectrum (Vidal-Madjar+, 2017)J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14:Binary comps evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)J/A+A/625/L13 : TESS light curve of beta Pictoris (Zieba+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A28 : beta Pic BRITE, bRing, SMEI light curves (Zwintz+, 2019)J/A+A/633/A110 : K band spectrum of beta Pictoris b (GRAVITY+, 2020)J/A+A/648/A15 : beta Pictoris photometry (Kenworthy+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/179https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/179http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/179https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/179https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/179http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/179GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/161/179/table2Predicted positions of {beta}Pic brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[59213/61028] Modified Julian Date, JD-2400000.5dtime.epochfloatdRA[211/305] Offset in Right Ascensionmaspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDE[351/488] Offset in Declinationmaspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloate_dRA[0.33/6.67] Uncertainty in dRAmasstat.errorfloate_dDE[0.54/10.9] Uncertainty in dDEmasstat.errorfloatrhoad[0.95/1] Correlation coefficient between RA and DEstat.correlationfloatSep[410/576] Separationmaspos.angDistancefloate_Sep[0.13/12.8] Uncertainty in Sepmasstat.errorfloatJ/AJ/161/179/table3Predicted positions of {beta}Pic crecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[59213/61028] Modified Julian Date, JD-2400000.5dtime.epochfloatdRA[-78.2/56.8] Offset in Right Ascensionmaspos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDE[-129/94.9] Offset in Declinationmaspos.eq.dec;arith.difffloate_dRA[0.93/20.2] Uncertainty in dRAmasstat.errorfloate_dDE[1.18/31.6] Uncertainty in dDEmasstat.errorfloatrhoad[0.34/1] Correlation coefficient between RA and DEstat.correlationfloatSep[1.59/151] Separationmaspos.angDistancefloate_Sep[1.28/37.4] Uncertainty in Sepmasstat.errorfloat