J/AJ/161/134ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/161/134doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51610134CDSHirsch L.A.Rosenthal L.Fulton B.J.Howard A.W.Ciardi D.R.,Marcy G.W.Nielsen E.Petigura E.A.de Rosa R.J.Isaacson H.,Weiss L.M.Sinukoff E.Macintosh B.2021-07-05T13:37:11Z2021-06-03T07:17:20ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsstellar-massesstellar-radiimetallicityeffective-temperatureinfrared-photometryradial-velocitysurveysWe explore the impact of outer stellar companions on the occurrence rate of giant planets detected with radial velocities. We searched for stellar and planetary companions to a volume-limited sample of solar-type stars within 25pc. Using adaptive optics imaging observations from the Lick 3m and Palomar 200" Telescopes, we characterized the multiplicity of our sample stars, down to the bottom of the main sequence. With these data, we confirm field star multiplicity statistics from previous surveys. We additionally combined three decades of radial velocity (RV) data from the California Planet Search with newly collected RV data from Keck/HIRES and the Automated Planet Finder/Levy Spectrometer to search for planetary companions in these same systems. Using an updated catalog of both stellar and planetary companions, as well as detailed injection/recovery tests to determine our sensitivity and completeness, we measured the occurrence rate of planets among the single and multiple-star systems. We found that planets with masses in the range of 0.1-10M_J_ and with semimajor axes of 0.1-10au have an occurrence rate of 0.18_-0.03_^+0.04^ planets per star when they orbit single stars and an occurrence rate of 0.12{+/-}0.04 planets per star when they orbit a star in a binary system. Breaking the sample down by the binary separation, we found that only one planet-hosting binary system had a binary separation <100au, and none had a separation <50au. These numbers yielded planet occurrence rates of 0.20_-0.06_^+0.07^ planets per star for binaries with separation aB>100au and 0.04_-0.02_^+0.04^ planets per star for binaries with separation aB<100au. The similarity in the planet occurrence rate around single stars and wide primaries implies that wide binary systems should actually host more planets than single-star systems, since they have more potential host stars. We estimated a system-wide planet occurrence rate of 0.3 planets per wide binary system for binaries with separations aB>100au. Finally, we found evidence that giant planets in binary systems have a different semimajor-axis distribution than their counterparts in single-star systems. The planets in the single-star sample had a significantly higher occurrence rate outside of 1au than inside 1au by nearly 4{sigma}, in line with expectations that giant planets are most common near the snow line. However, the planets in the wide binary systems did not follow this distribution, but rather had equivalent occurrence rates interior and exterior to 1au. This may point to binary-mediated planet migration acting on our sample, even in binaries wider than 100au.2021AJ....161..134Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/161/134CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/sb9 : SB9: 9th Catalogue Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+, 2004-2014)B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)III/198 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopic survey (Hawley+ 1997)I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)V/122 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+, 2005)V/117 : Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood (Holmberg+, 2007)J/AJ/108/2338 : Photographic astrometry. VIII. (Heintz 1994)J/A+A/282/831 : Spectroscopic orbits of three K dwarf stars (Tokovinin+, 1994)J/A+A/341/121 : Visual binary orbits and masses (Soederhjelm 1999)J/ApJS/133/413 : BVRIJHK photometry of cool white dwarfs (Bergeron+, 2001)J/AJ/124/1144 : Orbits of 171 single-lined spectroscopic binaries (Latham,2002)J/ApJS/141/503 : Radial Velocities for 889 late-type stars (Nidever+, 2002)J/A+A/410/1051 : ELODIE survey for northern extra-solar planets.II (Naef+,2003)J/ApJ/582/1011 : Revised NLTT Catalog (Salim+, 2003)J/ApJS/162/207 : Radial velocities of solar-type stars (Abt+, 2006)J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)J/ApJ/654/625 : Radial velocities of 9 long-period objects (Wittenmyer+, 2007)J/ApJS/181/62 : Survey of young solar analogs (Metchev+, 2009)J/ApJ/693/1084 : Ten new and updated multiplanet systems (Wright+, 2009)J/AJ/140/1623 : PHASES diff. astrometry data archive. II. (Muterspaugh+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/A+A/527/A140 : Mass limits on substellar companions (Reffert+, 2011)J/ApJS/192/2 : A Bayesian search for binaries in Hipparcos (Shaya+, 2011)J/A+A/546/A69 : Orbits of visual binaries and dynamical masses (Malkov+, 2012)J/AJ/145/41 : Radial velocities of 33 spectroscopic binaries (Katoh+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJS/210/5 : The twenty-five year Lick planet search (Fischer+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)J/AJ/147/86 : From binaries to multiples. I. FG-67 sample (Tokovinin, 2014)J/A+A/574/A6 : Study of 95 binaries closer than 18pc from Sun (Agati+, 2015)J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)J/AJ/149/63 : Radial velocities of HD54371, HR2692, and 16UMa (Fekel+, 2015)J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)J/ApJ/799/4 : Robo-AO observations of binary stars (Riddle+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/3160 : Stellar multiplicity and debris discs (Rodriguez+, 2015)J/A+A/585/A46 : Extrasolar planets. Radial velocities of 5 stars (Bouchy+,2016)J/ApJ/821/89 : 12yrs radial velocity obs. of exoplanet systems (Bryan+, 2016)J/A+A/585/A134 : HD1461, HD40307, and HD204313 radial velocities (Diaz+, 2016)J/ApJ/830/46 : Radial velocities of 3 Neptune-mass planet hosts (Fulton+,2016)J/AJ/152/8 : Impact stellar multiplicity planetary systems I. (Kraus+, 2016)J/AJ/152/138 : Orbits based on speckle interferometry at SOAR (Tokovinin,2016)J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star parallaxes from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+,2017)J/AJ/153/21 : Abundances in local region. II. F, G, & K dwarfs (Luck+, 2017)J/AJ/154/200 : The nearby white dwarf/red dwarf pair 40 Eri BC (Mason+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/AJ/154/110 : Orbits based SOAR speckle interferometry. II. (Tokovinin, 2017)J/AJ/155/159 : RVs of the late-T dwarf GL 758 B host star (Bowler+, 2018)J/A+A/619/A81 : Multiplicity among solar-type stars. IV. (Halbwachs+, 2018)J/MNRAS/474/731 : Accurate SB2 radial velocities (Kiefer+, 2018)J/AJ/155/215 : Speckle interferometry of red dwarf stars (Mason+, 2018)J/MNRAS/479/1332 : Binaries with F, G or K primaries & M dwarfs (Montes+, 2018)J/MNRAS/473/4497 : Binary stars astrom. & photom. measurements (Roberts+, 2018)J/AJ/157/33 : Radial velocity exploration of {epsilon} Eridani (Mawet+, 2019)J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)J/A+A/639/A50 : HD 164922 d HARPS-N time series (Benatti+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/134https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/134http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/161/134https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/134https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/134http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/161/134GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/161/134/table1 (Stellar properties from SpecMatch for all stars in with a HIRES template spectrum)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/134/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/134/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/161/134/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.543088127.08179920.0055555555555555566/60 100 137 309 377 601 684 742 815 819 824 1098 1341 1530 1556 1603 1642 1875 2167 2476 2491 2622 2652 2697 2923 3006 3020 3102 3147 3313 3363 3372 3639 4227 4278 4591 4766 4808 5009 5074 5304 5309 5413 5434 5498 5522 5670 5726 5836 5929 6217 6226 6287 6308 6339 6385 6409 6662 6766 6926 6953 8224 8357 8424 8466 8591 8663 8788 8790 8993 8995 9403 9476 9492 9662 9679 9801 9843 9873 10004 10062 10225 10325 10375 10439 10518 10598 10812 10854 10899 10914 11103 11126 11142 11150 11165 11290 11391 11405 11412 11806 11834 12388 12494 12592 12654 12846 12856 12890 12944 12983 13025 13036 13215 13301 13487 13547 13568 13749 13763 13769 13778 13791 14180 14252 14278 14290 14419 14502 14522 14539 14650 14850 15030 15154 15174 15221 15227 15373 17266 17607 17714 17860 17944 18115 18135 18139 18299 18614 18641 18734 18821 19109 19219 19327 19912 20127 20145 20278 20328 20402 21477 21484 21691 21703 21726 21838 21901 21912 21953 22040 22708 22818 22836 22981 23096 23177 23190 23201 23230 23342 23583 23661 23774 24016 24028 24102 24151 24212 24239 24558 25766 25880 25906 25966 26183 26379 26429 26462 26468 26521 26906 26924 27088 27374 27462 27973 28122 28180 28400 28605 28664 30015 30343 30576 30604 30878 30965 31011 31029 31130 31132 31145 31399 31425 31433 31478 31720 31751 31768 32001 32067 32318 32372 32509 32520 32561 32757 36697 40892 40932 44891https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/161/134?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/161/134/table6RV detections of planets and false positivesDesigDesignation (2)meta.codechare_e[0.0002/0.3] Lower uncertainty on estat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHD? Henry Draper catalog identifiermeta.idintnullableHIP? Hipparcos catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintnullablePer[0.73/40000] Perioddtime.perioddoubleE_PerUpper uncertainty on Perdstat.error;stat.maxchare_PerLower uncertainty on Perdstat.errorchara[0.015/21.2]? semi-major axis (1)aupos.angDistancedoublenullableE_aUpper uncertainty on aaustat.error;stat.maxchare_aLower uncertainty on aaustat.errorcharK[1.2/18951] Radial velocity semi-amplitudem/sphys.veloc;src.orbitalfloatE_K[0.2/610] Upper uncertainty on Km/sstat.error;stat.maxfloate_K[0.2/690] Lower uncertainty on Km/sstat.errorfloatMsini[0.011/586]? Mass * sin(inclination) (1)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloatnullableE_Msini[0.001/70]? Upper uncertainty on Msini(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Msini[0.001/83]? Lower uncertainty on Msini(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.errorfloatnullablee[0.004/0.93] eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_e[0.0002/0.4] Upper uncertainty on estat.error;stat.maxfloatomega[-3.087/3] argument of periastronradsrc.orbital.periastronfloatE_omega[0.0005/5.8] Upper uncertainty on omegaradstat.error;stat.maxfloate_omega[0.0005/4.9] Lower uncertainty on omegaradstat.errorfloatT0[-9030/23200] time of conjunction, JD-2450000dtime.epochdoubleE_T0[0.001/2600] Upper uncertainty on T0dstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_T0[0.001/3100] Lower uncertainty on T0dstat.errordoubleJ/AJ/161/134/refsReferences used in table5BIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRef[1/89] Reference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintAutorMain autor of the referenceobs.observercharCatCatalog identifier for VIZIERmeta.id;meta.tablecharJ/AJ/161/134/table1Stellar properties from SpecMatch for all stars in with a HIRES template spectrumrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHD? Henry Draper catalog identifiermeta.idintnullableHIPHipparcos catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryTeff[4440/6140] Effective surface temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[3.9/5.2] Surface gravity, log, (1)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatFe/H[-1.57/0.45] Metallicity (1)phys.abund.ZfloatMass[0.51/1.39] MasssolMassphys.massfloate_Mass[0.01/0.11] Uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatRad[0.46/1.88] RadiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0/0.26] Uncertainty in RadiussolRadstat.errorfloatNphotNumber of observations with ShaneAO or Palomar (table2)meta.numberintnullablehistRV-HDNumber of Historical RVel value with HD name (table3)meta.numberintnullablehistRV-HIPNumber of Historical RVel value with HIP identifier (table3)meta.numberintnullableNcompNumber of compagnon (table5)meta.numberintnullableNRVel-HDNumber of RVel observation with HD name (table6)meta.numberintnullableNRVel-HIPNumber of RVel observation with HIP identifier (table6)meta.numberintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/161/134/table2Observing log of ShaneAO and Palomar observationsCompCompanion designationmeta.id.assoccharFiltFiltermeta.id;instr.filtercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHD? Henry Draper catalog identifiermeta.idintnullableHIPHipparcos catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintEpoch[2457237/2458269] Epoch, Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleTelTelescope; Palomar or ShaneAOmeta.id;instr.telcharSep[0.05/12.7] Separationarcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloate_Sep[0.001/0.124] Uncertainty in Separcsecstat.errorfloatPA[0.5/359.4] Position angle, east of northdegpos.posAngfloate_PA[0.1/19.1] Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatdmag[0.02/9.95]? magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_dmag[0.0/2.85]? Uncertainty in dmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableMethodMethod used (1)meta.code;obscharBkg[X] unassociated chance alignment of a background star (114 occurrences)meta.codecharJ/AJ/161/134/table3Catalog of historic and new radial velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHD? Henry Draper catalog identifiermeta.idintnullableHIP? Hipparcos catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintnullableBJD[2446957/2458886] Barycentric Julian Date of observationdtime.epochdoubleindexedRVel[-21848/11103] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVel[0.08/40.32] Uncertainty in RVm/sstat.error;phys.velocfloatInstInstrument used (1)instr.setupcharJ/AJ/161/134/table5Binary Companions to 25pc StarsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHD? Henry Draper catalog identifiermeta.idintnullableHIPHipparcos catalog identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintCompCompanion designationmeta.id.assoccharMass0[0.6/1.32] Mass, primarysolMassphys.massfloate_Mass0[0.01/0.11] Uncertainty in Mass0solMassstat.errorfloatMass0sSource method for primary mass (1)meta.code;obscharMassC[0.02/1.4]? Mass, companionsolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_MassC[0/0.15]? Uncertainty in MassCsolMassstat.errorfloatnullableMassCsSource method for companion mass (1)meta.code;obscharr_MassCMass referencesmeta.ref;pos.framechara[0.03/23804] Separation, semi-major axisaupos.angDistancedoublee_a[0.0/1372.88] Uncertainty in aaustat.errorfloatasSource method for semi-major axis (2)meta.code;obscharr_aSeparation referencesmeta.bibchar